OBJECTIVE:To compare the differences in the contents of water-soluble total protein,total phenolic acid and total polysaccharides among the water decoctions of crude Cibotium barometz and processed products and to illuminate the effect of pro-cessing on 3 kinds of components of C. barometz. METHODS:UV-visible spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the con-tents of water-soluble total protein,total phenolic acid and total polysaccharides in the water decoction of crude C. barometz and 4 processed products,namely sand-scorch C. barometz,yellow wine C. barometz,salt C. barometz and steamed C. barometz,at wavelengths of 590,760 and 489 nm respectively. RESULTS:The contents of water-soluble total protein in 5 samples were 4.03%,3.32%,3.13%,3.33% and 3.49%,those of total phenolic acid therein were 0.25%,1.34%,1.38%,2.34% and 1.41%,and those of total polysaccharides therein were 28.56%,36.06%,45.21%,49.60% and 49.01%,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:All above processing methods have an effect to some degree on the contents of the 3 kinds of components of C. barometz, where the contents of water-soluble total protein are lower after processing,while those of total phenolic acid and total polysaccha-rides are higher thereafter.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; etiology ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 6 residual organic solvents in aprepitant raw material as methanol,ethanol,acetone,isopropyl alcohol,methyl tert-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.METHODS:Headspace capillary gas chromatography was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-624 capillary column using temperature programming.The temperature of injector port was 180 ℃,and flame ionization detector was used with temperature of 260 ℃.Nitrogen was used as carrier gas with flow rate 3.0 mL/min.The spilt ratio was 5 ∶ 1,and head-space injection volume was 1.0 mL.The head-space equilibrium temperature was set at 80 ℃,and equilibrium time was 40 min.RESULTS:The linear ranges of methanol,ethanol,acetone,isopropyl alcohol,methyl tert-butyl ether,tetrahydrofuran were 6.052-605.232 μ g/mL (r=0.999 9),9.987-998.718 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),9.998-999.768 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),9.986-998.634 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),9.991-999.090 μg/mL (r=0.999 7),1.461-146.133 μg/mL(r=0.999 5),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 1.782 1,2.079 0,0.749 8,1.777 8,0.223 1,0.607 0 μg/mL;the limits of detection were 0.594 0,0.693 0,0.249 9,0.592 6,0.074 4,0.202 3 μg/mL,respectively.RSD of precision test was lower than 2.0％.Only acetone and isopropyl alcohol were detected in stability test and reproducibility tests,RSD＜2.0％.Their recoveries were 99.34-100.75％ (RSD=0.52％,n=9),98.20％-100.24％ (RSD=0.69％,n=9),98.07％-100.07％ (RSD=0.84％,n=9),99.86％-101.32％ (RSD=0.58％,n=9),97.87％-104.02％ (RSD=2.13％,n=9),98.26 ％-100.58 ％ (RSD =0.75 ％,n =9),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The established method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 6 residual organic solvents in aprepitant raw material.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of fetal hand deformity in prenatal two-and three-dimensional u1trasonography. To analyze the causes of missed diagnosis of prenatal u1trasonography in detecting fetal hand deformity. Methods Systematic continuous sequence approach was performed with two-and three-dimensional u1trasonography in 11 854 cases to detect the fetal hand development, deformity and accompanied malformations. Prenatal sonographic features of fetal hand deformities (59 cases) were correlated with the morphology and X-ray characteristics of the delivered fetuses. Results Fifty-nine cases of fetal hand deformity were diagnosed out of 11 854 fetuses by prenatal u1trasonography:44 cases of abnormal wrist posture,1 case of full-ifnger absence, 2 cases of metacarpal and phalanx absence, 3 cases of clinodactyly, 2 cases of forearm and hand absence, 1 case of syndacty, 1 case of polydacty, 5 cases of lethal bone dysplasia. The detection rate was 0.50%(59/11 854). Eight cases were missed:3 cases of partial ifnger absence, 2 cases of clinodactyly, 1 case of syndacty, and 2 cases of polydacty. The rate of missed diagnosis is 11.90%(8/67). Abnormal wrist posture showed a hook-shaped hand in the wrist. Full-finger absence showed that one or multiple ifngers were absent. Metacarpal and phalanx absence showed no fetal hands. Clinodactyly showed that four ifngers were not in the same plane. Forearm and hand missing showed that ulna, metacarpal and phalangeal were absent. Syndacty showed a beak-like hand. Multi-ifnger indicated six ifngers in one hand. Lethal bone dysplasia showed very short limbs. Conclusions Prenatal u1trasonography played an important role in detecting and diagnosing severe type of fetal hand deformity. The detection rate of fetal hand deformities can be greatly improved by appropriate use of the scan-time, fetal position, systematic continuous sequence approach and real three-dimensional u1trasonography.

Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and / or normobaric hyperoxia on brain development of neonatal rat and the possible mechanisms.Methods One hundred and twenty postnatal day 2 (P2) SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups:air group,LPS group,hyperoxia group,LPS + hyperoxia group.General condition and body weight of the rats in each group were observed and recorded every day.The expression of active Caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κappaB P65 (NF-κB P65) in the brain were detected by immunohistochemistry staining on P7,and the level of IL-6 and 8-iso-PGF2α in the brain homogenate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry staining on P12.Results The expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB P65 had the same trends:the number of positive cells from high to low was in LPS + hyperoxia group,LPS group/hyperoxia group,air group.There were significant differences between the first three groups and air group(all P ＜ 0.05).There were also significant differences between LPS + hyperoxia group and LPS group or hyperoxia group(all P ＜0.01).MBP in the brain had the completely reverse expression:from high to low order was in air group,hyperoxia group,LPS group,LPS + hyperoxia group.There were significant differences between the last three groups and air group (all P ＜ 0.05).There were also significant differences between LPS + hyperoxia group and LPS group or hyperoxia group(all P ＜0.01).The level of IL-6 in the brain from high to low order respectively was in LPS + hyperoxia group,LPS group,hyperoxia group,air group;and 8-iso-PGF2α was also in LPS + hyperoxia group,hyperoxia group,LPS group,air group,Significant differences were found among the four groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both postnatal infection and normobaric hyperoxia may induce premature rat brain injury,and increase the number of apoptosis cell and reduce the expression of MBP.The combination of infection and normobaric hyperoxia may aggravate the degree of brain damage of neonatal rat.NF-κB pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor may be involved in inflammation and oxidative stress,and may mediate Caspase-3 related apoptosis of nerve cell and white matter injury.

OBJECTIVETo explore a new strategy for effective and economical anti-virus therapy for HBV infection, we conducted a sequence administration of lamivudine and interferon alpha 1b to evaluate its effects on HBV replication and rebound as well as YMDD mutation induced by lamivudine.

METHODS150 HBV patients having at least 6 months history of infection were assigned randomly into 5 groups. Each group of these patients was either treated with lamivudine, interferon alpha 1b, lamivudine combined with interferon, sequence administration of lamivudine and interferon (sequence group) or no anti-virus therapy (control group) for 12 months. The serum samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18th months and were assayed for ALT, AST, HBeAg, HBV DNA (quantitive PCR) as well as YMDD mutation types by microarray.

RESULTSThe anti-virus replication effects were shown as early as the 3rd month in the sequence group but not in the IFN and control groups. The significant and persistent inhibition effect of it on HBV replication and improvement of liver function was shown. It was more effective than lamivudine or IFN treatments at the end of the drug administration and 6 months later after the drug was withdrawn. We also found that this sequence administration pattern can significantly shorten the period of treatment of lamivudine as well as reduce the rate of YMDD mutation and rebound of HBV replication after lamivudine withdrawal. It is also more economical than a combined therapy of lamivudine with IFN.

CONCLUSIONThis sequence administration of lamivudine and IFN pattern can significantly improve the anti-virus effect on HBV replication, shorten the period of treatment with lamivudine, reduce the mutation rate of YMDD and prevent the rebound of HBV after drug withdrawal.

Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

To explore differentially expressed genes in leukemia gene expression profile and identify main related genes in acute leukemia, gene expression profiles were analyzed in bone marrow/leucopheresis peripheral blood stem cells samples from 9 acute leukemia patients and their sibling donors with the use of oligonucleotide microarrays. 163 reported leukemia-related genes were involved in the study. The oligonucleotide primers were designed, synthesized and spotted on the chemical-material-coated-glass plates in array. The total RNAs were isolated from nine patients' bone marrow or leucopheresis peripheral blood cells and from nine their sibling donors peripheral blood stem cells treated by G-CSF, then collected by CS-3000 cell selection machine, and were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the oligonucleotide microarray. The results showed that in four patient/donor pairs with B-ALL, 5 up-regulated (RIZ, STK-1, T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A, Cbp/p300, Op18) and 1 down-regulated genes (hematopoietic proteoglycan core protein) were identified; In five patient/donor pairs with AML-M(4) and AML-M(5), 6 up-regulated (STAT5B, ligand p62 for the Lck SH2, CST3, LTC4S, myeloid leukemia factor 2 and epb72) and 1 down-regulated genes (CCR5) were identified. In conclusion, on the basis of distinguishing study of specific genetic related recipient/sibling donor pairs, screening leukemia-related genes with oligonucleotide microarrays, a set of 13 up-regulated or down-regulated genes among 163 leukemia-related genes has been identified. The result has further confirmed that above genes play critical role in the molecular mechanism of acute leukemia.
Blood Donors ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Microtubule Proteins ; genetics ; Milk Proteins ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; Siblings ; Stathmin ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the mutations of lamivudine-resistance using oligonucleotide microarray in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients.

METHODSA randomized clinical trial was conducted on 20 lamivudine-treated patients for 18 months and 10 patients as controls. The serum HBV DNA was amplified by PCR and the lamivudine-resistance mutations in YMDD region were assayed by 4 sites microarray developed before.

RESULTSThis microarray could clearly differentiate the wide-type from mutated-type HBV with lamivudine-resistance mutations. The rate of mutations in YMDD region increased with the time of lamivudine treatment (chi2=6.69, P<0.01). The most common mutated type was M539V+L515M and next M539I. Continuous administration of lamivudine was no benefit for inhibiting the replication of HBV with YMDD mutation but helpful for wide-type HBV.

CONCLUSIONThe routine serum HBV DNA assay by PCR may introduce prejudice in monitoring HBV inhibitory effect by lamivudine, while the microarray technique can avoid this and is one of the best ways to monitor the lamivudine-resistance mutations in HBV. There is no effect of lamivudine on HBV with YMDD mutation in clinical practice.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Point Mutation ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction