Objective: Exploring the epidemiological state of pervasive developmental disorder in 2-6 year-old children in Beijing. Methods: A total of 21866 children aged 2-6 year-old were recruited from permanent residents of Beijing by 2-phase cluster sampling.The Clancy Autism Behavior Scale was used for screening.The Childhood Autism Rating Scale and DSM-Ⅳ were used for diagnosis.Results: 16 children were diagnosed as pervasive developmental disorder (14 with autistic disorder, 1 with atypical autistic disorder, 1 with Rett syndrome).The false negative rate was 0.80 ‰.The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder was 0.73 ‰, the adjusted prevalence was 1.53 ‰,the average annual detective rate was 0.11‰.The prevalence rate had no difference in distribution between urban-rural, among different age groups, sex and nations(?2=0.11~1.85,P=0.739-0.173).The low family income was related to high prevalence significantly ( tendency ?2=4.70,P=0.030 ).25% children with pervasive developmental disorder had not been identified by parents or had not been to clinics.80% children with pervasive developmental disorder had not get intervention.All children had demand to get intervention. Conclusions: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in 2-6 year-old children in Beijing was not low.Low family income is the risk factor.The rate of intervention was low.The government should pay close attention to the children with pervasive developmental disorder and their needs.

Laboratory animals and animal experiments are foundations and important support conditions for life sciences, especially for medical research. The animal experiments have drawn extensive attention from the society because of the ethical issue. This paper takes Wenzhou Medical University as an example to give a brief introduction to the ethical review about laboratory animals in the university so as to further draw attention and concerns from the public about the ethical issue of laboratory animals. We successively introduce its scientific projects, nurturing environment and ethical review of laboratory animals.
Animal Experimentation ; ethics ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Universities

Background Congenital aniridia is a rare bilateral hereditary ophthalmopathy which impact panocular.Researches showed that congenital aniridia can be caused by different mutation locus of PAX6 genes,and the mutations are multifarious.Objective This study was to detect and anaiyze the mutations of a Chinese family with congenital aniridia by using targeted sequence capture sequencing and direct Sanger sequencing.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and followed Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from subjects or their custodians before any related medical examination.A cross-sectional study was performed.A Chinese congenital aniridia family was included at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in March,2016.All the family members received systemic medical examinations including nervous system and oral glucose tolerance test and then the ocular examinations were carried out.The periphery blood of 10 ml was collected from the members for genomic DNA extraction.Targeted sequence capture sequencing was performed on the DNA of proband to screen out the suspicious mutant locus.The mutation was verified by comparing the Sanger direct sequencing results from all family members.Results A total of 3 generations of 9 members were included in this congenital aniridia pedigree,and the Ⅰ 1 was dead without eye abnormality.Three patients (Ⅱ2 and her children Ⅲ1,Ⅲ2) and 5 normal family members were determined,showing an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.No abnormal signs were found in nervous system and oral glucose tolerance test in the families.The reduce of visual acuity,ocular hypertension (21 mmHg),absence of biocular iris,opacification of corneal stroma,horizontal nystagmus,hapoplasia of fovea were found in all the sufferers.In addition,the ptosis of the left eye,congenital cataract of the right eye in Ⅱ 2 patient as well as biocular cataract and subluxation of lenses also were exhibited.The c.183C＞A mutation of the PAX6 gene was screened out to be a possible pathogenic mutation.The result of Sanger direct sequencing in the families verified a co-segregation of this mutation with mutant phenotypes.Conclusions PAX6 gene c.183C ＞A,a rare mutation in Chinese population,is a virulence mutation site in this aniridia family.

Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Objective To study CT features of thymoma,so that to improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods 31 cases of thymomas proved by surgery and pathology were examined with conventional CT scans.CT findings of thymoma were analyzed.Results The lesions in 27 cases(87.1%)were located in the anterior upper and middle mediastinum.There were benign lesion in 11,including mass-cardiovascular interface(MCI) with convex type(8 cases),flatness type(1 cases) and concave type(2 cases).20 cases were malignant lesion,including MCI with cast type(18 cases) and concave type(2 cases).Irregular invasion to adjacent organs was found in 11 cases,others included pericardiac effusion(n=6),pericardial and mediastinal invasion(n=2),pleural effusion(n=4),pneumonia(n=2),lung,bone,mediastinal lymphadens metastasis(n=2) and liver,pancreas metastasis(n=1).Conclusion CT scans is of significant value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thymoma.

Background Tumstatin is the most active endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor,which has a marked inhibitory effect on pathological neovascularization,and Tum5 is an angiogenesis inhibitors fragment of fulllength tumstatin.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of recombinant Tum5 gene on the proliferation,migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in physiological status.Methods The empty adenoviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (rAd-GFP) and the viral vector expressing recombinant Tum5 gene were constructed.The HUVECs cultured in RPMI1640 medium were divided into normal control group,empty vector group (rAd-GFP group) and Tum5 gene infection group (rAd-GFP-Tum5 group).The rAd-GFP and rAd-GFP-Tum5 adenoviral particles at the density of 1 × 1010/ml were added into the medium to infect the cells for 48 hours.The proliferation of the cells was assayed at 24,48 and 72 hours by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) to evaluate the proliferative rate;the migration number of the cells was detected at 48 hours after infection by Transwell chamber;the tube formation number of the cells were detected by Matrigel method.The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cell supernatants was assayed by ELISA at 24,48,and 72 hours following adenoviral infection.Results The cultured cells showed green fluorescence in the rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group under the inverted fluorescence microscope,and the infection efficiency of rAd-GFP and rAd-GFP-Tum5 was 55.13％ and 50.31％,respectively.No significant difference was found in cell proliferative rate among normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group both at 24 and 48 hours after infection (both at P＞0.05),and the cell proliferative rate was significantly lower in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group than that in the normal control group and rAd-GFP group at 72 hours after infection (both at P＜0.01).The migration number of the cells at 48 hours after infection was 2 260.25-±930.44,2 370.00±441.06 and 723.75± 363.80 in the normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =8.524,P =0.008),and the migrated cells were evidently decreased in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group compared with the rAd-GFP group and the normal control group (both at P＜ 0.01).The tube number at 48 hours after infection was 95.67±5.86,88.00±4.58 and 20.67±3.51 in the normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAdGFP-Tum5 group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=226.498,P＜0.01),and the tube number in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group was significantly reduced in comparison with the normal control group and rAd-GFP group (both at P＜ 0.01).The considerably differences in VEGF concentration in the cell supernatants were found in different groups and various time points (Fgroup =73.260,P＜0.01;Ftime =73.477,P＜0.01),and VEGF concentration in the cell supernatants was significantly decreased in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group compared with the rAd-GFP group at both 48 hours and 72 hours (both at P＜0.01).Conclusions The overexpression of the recombinant Tum5 can inhibit the proliferation,migration and tube formation of the HUVECs in physiological status,which may be associated with Tum-5-mediated down-regulation of VEGF protein in the cell supernatant.

Objective To investigate the effect of PBL teaching method in the otomicrosurgery anatomy training.Methods 40 students were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group received traditional teaching methods(n=20),and the experimental group received the PBL teaching method(n = 20).After the training,all trainees would accept the theory test,while all anatomical specimens of the two groups would receive clinical skills ratings.Results The scores of the basic theory and clinical skills of the experimental group are better than the control group at the end of the training.Conclusion PBL teaching method is very suitable for otomicrosurgery anatomy training and can enable students to achieve better results.

Objective To establish the extraction process of Zhechong Chuangyu Capsule. Methods The difference of analgesic effect of water extraction and alcohol extraction in mice was observed by body-torsion test to determine the extract solvent. With the rate of aqueous extraction, n-butyl alcohol extraction and asperosaponin Ⅵ as evaluating indicator, the influencing factors including solvent volume, time and times of extraction were investegated to evaluate extracting procedure by orthogonal experiment. Results There was no obvious difference in analgesic effect between water extraction and alcohol extraction. Given the requirement of produce, aqueous extraction was a better choice. The optimum extracting condition was extracted 3 times with 20 folds volume of solvent, and extraction time was 150 minutes. Conclusion The extraction process is feasible to be applied into production.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hydrophilic polymers on the stability of self-microemulsifying drug deliv-ery systems (SMEDDS). METHODS:Taking felodipine (FDP) as model drug,the content of FDP was determined by HPLC method. The effects of pure water,0.5% Kollidon VA64,HPMC E5,HPMC K100LV,HPMC K4M,PVP K30 solution,while 0.1%,0.5% and 1.0% HPMC E5 and Kollidon VA64 on residual content of dissolved FDP were determined in SMEDDS. RE-SULTS:The residual contents of dissolved FDP in SMEDDS placed in Kollidon VA64,HPMC E5,HPMC K100LV,PVP K30, HPMC K4M and pure water for 1 h were 92.7%,63.6%,50.2%,46.2%,36.0%and 24.0%,respectively. The order of maintain-ing the supersaturation state was Kollidon VA64>HPMC E5>HPMC K100LV>PVP K30>HPMC K4M>pure water. The residu-al contents of dissolved FDP in SMEDDS placed in 0.1%,0.5%,1% Kollidon VA64 and HPMC E5 and pure water for 1 h were 93.2%,95.1%,96.0% and 48.4%,62.1%,75.1%. CONCLUSIONS:Kollidon VA64 and HPMC E5 can significantly inhibit drug release in SMEDDS and be used as stabilizer of SMEDDS,wherein Kollidon VA64 was better.