Based on some physiological events and two kinds of function, assistive and rehabilitative, brain-computer interface gives re-al-time, multi-sensor feedbacks to assist hand function, modulating patients' brain signals by the closed loop proprioceptive feedback. It can improve cerebral plasticity and remodeling, that comes a novel approach to hand rehabilitaion after stroke.

?Boston Type l keratoprosthesis is currently widely used. ln this article, the indication, number of cases, best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , retention, and complications in all the international published case reports will be sum up; then the main post-operative complications and their respective treatments one by one, which include retrospective membrane, glaucoma, infection will be introduced.

Objective:To observe the effect of etanercept on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Thirty male SPF Kun ming mice were randomly assigned to control group ( intratracheal saline injection ) or model group ( intratracheal injection of bleomycin 5 mg/kg ) or intervention group ( intratracheal bleomycin injection followed by etanercept 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration twice a week )(n=10 group).Lung tissue were taken after the sacrifice of the mice with 28 days of molding.The content of hydroxyproline of the right lung samples was measured by alkaline hydrolysis method ,while the left lungs were fixed in 4%paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin with the sections stained with hematoxylin -eosin or Masson′s trichrome for pathological examination .Total tissue protein was extracted from lung homogenates to detect the expression of NF -κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB( P-NF-κB) by Western blot.Results:The content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue of mice of intervention arm was decreased significantly compared with the model arm ( P<0.01 ).The alveolar structure of the intervention arm maintained integrity with alveolar septum slightly thickened.The inflammation and fibrosis scores were decreased significantly with noticeable greater improvement of pulmonary fibrosis than the model arm (P<0.01).In addition,the protein phosphorylation of NF-κB in the lung tissues was remarkably decreased in the intervention arm ( P<0.01 ).Conclusion: Etanercept can inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB and reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by bleomycin in mice ,which may be useful in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

[Objective]To investigate the correlation of sagittal parameters in L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis and its clinical manifestation.[Method]Seventy-six patients with L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated between January 2000 and December 2005,there were 32 males and 44 females with the age between 12 and 68 years.The lateral standing radiographs of the spine and pelvis were analyzed retrospectively.Radiographic parameters measured including pelvic incidence(PI),sacral slope(SS),lumbar lordosis(LL),lumbosacral angle(LSA)and grade of spondylolisthesis.All measurements were done by the same individual and compared to those of a cohort of 30 normal subjects.Students test was used to compare the parameters between the curve types and Pearsons correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association between all parameters(P

Anatomic hepatic resection not only enables enough tumor-free resection margin,but also guarantee the maximal remnant of normal liver tissue.A 61-year-old male patient with hepatic cancer was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College in February 2012.Multiple space-occupying lesions were found in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ by computed tomography (CT).The results of CT volumetry analysis showed that the left hemihepatic volume was lesser than the minimal limit of survival,so anatomic hepatic segmentectomy of Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ with preservation of segment Ⅴ was designed to guarantee the maximal remaining of normal liver tissue.Glisson's pedicle transection was used twice to divide the right hemihepatic Glisson's pedicle,segment Ⅵ and Ⅶ Glisson's pedicle,respectivley,then the resection line was determined,and anatomical hepatic segmentectomy of Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ was completed.With the procedures adopted,the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and hemodynamic instability were maximally reduced during operation.

Objective To reproduce and validate the hexokinase reference method for glucose detection and compare other 5 routine glucose kits with this reference method. Methods The CDC hexokinase reference method for glucose detection was established and the performance was validated through testing a standard reference material (SRM) and participating in the IFCC ring-trial for reference laboratories for glucose evaluation. The CLSI EP 9-A2 protocol was used to compare the 5 routine glucose kits with the hexokinase reference method. Forty serum samples were analyzed by 5 routine kits and the hexokinase reference method. Results When SRM 965a was determined by the reference method,the bias of level 2 and level 3 were 0. 93%, -0. 23% respectively. The results for IFCC ring trial were within the accepted range. For the 5 routine kits, the confidence intervals of the predictive bias at the medical decision point Xc (Xc = 6. 11 mmol/L) were all within the range of defined acceptable error (10%) and the range of biological variation bias (6.9%). Conclusions The hexokinase reference method for serum glucose was reproduced in our lab. The serum glucose results measured with 5 routine kits were different from results detected with the reference method, but the bias was acceptable,and it will not affect the detection results.

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of driver stress inventory (DSI). Methods Three hundred drivers were investigated with DSI. The structure validity,content validity and internal reliability were examined. Results (1)Except items 9,16 and 18, the others had good discrimination. (2) Six factors were extracted which could explained 45.277% of the total variance. The six factors were significantly correlated with DSI total score(r = 0.241～0.622, P<0.01). (3)The spilt-half reliability was 0.557, The six factors ' Cronbach alphas were 0. 569, 0. 631, 0. 799, 0. 675, 0. 587 and 0. 685 respectively. ConclusionDSI has good reliability and validity, and is an effective instrument to test drivers' stress.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects of ulinastatin on the rats with paraquat-induced acute lung injury and its mechanisms .METHODS:The Wistar rats ( n=108 ) were randomly divided into control group , pa-raquat group and ulinastatin group .The rats in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were given paraquat by gavage , while the rats in control group were given sterile saline by gavage .The rats in ulinastatin group were also given ulinastatin treat-ment.The serum levels of MDA, SOD, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-αwere measured after 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d. The expression levels of p 38 MAPK, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the lung were also measured .RESULTS:The levels of SOD in 1 d, 3 d and 7 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were significantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.01).The level of SOD in ulinastatin group was significantly higher than that in paraquat group (P<0.05).The levels of MDA, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-αin 1 d, 3 d and 7 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group increased compared with con-trol group (P<0.01), and those in ulinastatin group were significantly lower than those in paraquat group (P<0.05). The levels of p38 MAPK and TIMP-1 in 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and those in ulinastatin group was significantly lower than those in paraquat group ( P<0.05) .The level of MMP-2 in 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group increased compared with control group (P<0.01), and that in ulinastatin group was significantly lower than that in paraquat group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ulinastatin protects the lung tissues of rats from paraquat-induced acute lung injury by in-hibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative responses .

Objective To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in elderly men in Beijing.Methods Totally 370 elderly men with an average age of (76.6±9.3) years from the departments of gerontology were included.BMD,echocardiography measurements as well as blood chemistry were analyzed.LVMI was obtained by echocardiography.All the subjects were divided into two groups:non-LVH group (n=231) and LVH group (n =139).Differences in quantitative variables were tested by independent-sample t test.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were performed to identify determinants of LVMI.Results The serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher in LVH group than in non-LVH group [(97.1±43.0) μmol/L,(88.2±21.1) μmol/L (P＜0.05)].Compared with non-LVH group,LVH group showed that the lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) were significantly lower[L1:(0.90±0.16) g/cm2 vs.(0.95±0.21) g/cm2,P=0.05; L2:(0.95±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.01±0.20) g/cm2,P＜0.01 ; L3:(0.99±0.19) g/cm2 vs.(1.06±0.28) g/cm2,P＜0.01] as well as the lumbar spine totalBMD [(0.97±0.18) g/cm2 vs.(1.03-1-0.26) g/cm2,P＜0.05].The femur BMD was lower in theLVH group than in non-LVH group [trochiter:(0.64±0.11) g/cm2 vs.(0.67±0.17) g/cm2,P＜0.05; inter area:(1.00±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.05±0.22) g/cm2,P＜0.05].Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (r=0.27,P＜0.01),the lumbar spine BMD (r=-0.20,P＜0.01),age (r=0.16,P＜0.05),serum creatinine (r=0.15,P＜0.05) were independently correlated with LVMI.Conclusions In elderly men in Beijing,the lumbar spine BMD is an independent correlative factor for LVMI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) antibody on peripheral neural fibrosis after chronic entrapment.MethodsA total of 75 rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie, Group A (sham operation, only the sciatic nerve exposed), Group B (compression only, treated with sciatic nerve entrapment) and Group C (compression plus antibody injection).Electron microscopy, immunohistoehemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to observe the morphological changes of the compressed nerve tissue and to determine the level of TGF-β1 , collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks after sciatic nerve compression, respectively.Results The levels of TGF-β1 , types Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen protein were increased significantly in the Group B compared with that in the Group A, when the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the early phase of the compression, reached the peak at the 4th week, and then decreased slowly.The expressions of collagenⅠand collagen Ⅲ were increased after compression, reached a peak at the 6th week and then maintained a relatively high level.The number of the fibrous tissues was decreased significantly and the content of types Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen protein declined in the Group C, with statistical difference compared with the Group B (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsPeripheral nerve fibrosis can be caused by chronic nerve compression.TGF-β1 plays an important role in effectively inhibiting the collagen synthesis and ameliorating the nervous fibrosis of the protein following peripheral nervous entrapment.