Traditionally it has been widely accepted that our genes together with adult lifestyle factors determine our risk of developing noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus ,cardiovascular disease and obesity in lat-er life.Currently, there is substantial evidence that the early life environment plays a key role in determining our suscepti -ble to such diseases in later life .As an increased focus on the understanding of central insulin resistance , central nerve sys-tem plays an extremely important role in regulating the peripheral glucose homeostasis .Substantial studies have indicated that it may be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms .Epigenetics can be defined as the study of heritable changes in gene ex-pression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence .Epigenetic processes play a central role in regulating tissue specific gene expression and hence alterations in these processes can induce long -term changes in gene expression and me-tabolism which persist throughout the lifecourse .This review will focus on the epigenetic machanisms of central neuroregula-tion between early life environment and glucose metabolism in adulthood .

Objective To study the clinical features,surgical treatments and the prognosis of the103patients with the metastatic tu mors in the spine.Methods From Jan.1996to Dec.2001,103cases were treated by operation in our department,there were62males and41females,aging from33to79years old(average,59years).The lesions were located at cervical spines in34cases,thoracic spines in39,lumbar spines in25and sacrum in5.The patients underwent anterior,posterior,combined or staged antero-posterior operations based on the location of lesions in the spine.Most of the patients were adopted vertebral recon-struction and internal fixation depending on the conditions.Preoperative clinical evaluation included of gen-eral condi tions,X-ray films,CT scan,MRI and ECT in order to decide the endurance of the patient to the sur gi cal treatment.The operation was only considered when the patient could have the ex pected survival time more than6months.Operative indications,surgical methods and prognosis were analyzed and summa -rized.Re sults The postopera tive follow-up ranged from6months to5years.No death related to the op-eration.Eighty-five of 103cases had partial or even complete relief of local pain and radiculopathy,54cases were im proved in neu rological status caused by spinal cord compression.The postoperative survival rates at6months,one year,two years,three years and four years intervals were97.1%,90.3%,44.7%,29.1%and8.7%respectively,9patients survived more than4years.Conclusion Local pain was the predomi nant symptom in metastatic tu mor of spine,and some of them suffered from spinal cord and nerve compromise.The surgical treatments for the spinal metastatic diseases were indicated depending spinal instability,progressive neurological deteriora tion,in tractable pain,or the need for histological diagnosis.The most im por tant factor being consid-ered was the patient's condition when operative treatment was decided.The anterior,posterior,combined or staged antero-poste rior operations were influenced by location of lesions in the spine,en durance of the patient,life ex pectan cy and so on.Surgical interven tion could stabilize and reconstruct the spine,relieve pain,maintain or improve the neurological status of the patients,thus improve the life qualities in limited life expectancy pa-tients.[

Objective: To study the relation among cognitive dysfunction, depression, and location of brain lesion in patients with their first stroke Method: Sixty-two patients with their first episode of single loci stroke demonstrated by CT scan were tested with WAIS-RC, HAMD and SSS Results: Final Intelligence Quotient (FIQ), Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ) and Verbal score of WAIS-RC in patients with anterior lesions were significantly lower than those in patients with posterior lesions (P0 05) Multiple step-regression showed that depression, age and education had influence on IQ of patients Conclusion: Patients with anterior stroke has more cognitive dysfunction

Objective:To analyze the causes and countermeasures for the inefficiency of implementing the contract community health service policy.Methods:Based on the authority and regulation of organization,it innovatively used the French organization theory,build an analysis framework of organizational actors adapting to the general organization.On the above basis combined with the characteristics of contract health service,it constructed a new organizational structure of contract health service and analyzed the low efficiency of policy implementation from the three relations among the actors,the power and the rule.Results and Conclusion:It needed to focus on authority and rule to rationally division the authorities of actors,optimize the organizational structure,adjust the benefit relationship of actors;play the regulation role,implement the incentive and constraint mechanism to improve the execution efficiency of contract health service policy.

Chronic Disease ; Constipation ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine

As traditional Chinese medicine components have become a hotspot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine study, they have followed a development trend of diversity and false identification. In studies on a new modem product, we shall encourage the diversified development mode, but avoid the false concept identification of traditional Chinese medicine components. In this paper, by analyzing the current development of traditional Chinese medicine components and problems, we discussed the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine components, with the aim of reducing and avoiding the situations to study non-traditional Chinese medicine components as traditional Chinese medicine components.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards

Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Depression ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Phytotherapy

Ginseng and its effective components are famous for their influence to enhance human immunity, regulate endocrine and antioxidant action. However, the different effects of different components are not clear. In this study, Wistar rats were used to study the effects of main components of ginseng, including total ginsenoside, panaxadiol saponins, panaxtrol saponin and ginseng polysaccharide. The results showed that the effects of panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide on improving animal immune organ weight, plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasma gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were better than that of the other groups. Total ginsenoside and panaxtrol saponin can effectively increase the concentration of spleen NK cells (NKC) while panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide can significantly increase the concentrations of rat plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). As for the effect of increasing organization nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total ginsenoside is better than that of other groups. In brief, different components in ginseng possess different effects on enhancing immunity, regulating endocrine and resisting oxidation. Panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide are better in enhancing immune, and total ginsenoside shows advantages in resisting oxidation and stress.
Adrenal Glands ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Immune System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Panax ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Thyrotropin ; blood

Objective To construct an RNA interference vector to down-regulate X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis(XIAP)gene and study the RNA interference effect on the cell cycle and growth of ovarian cancer.Methods Oligonucleotides of 64 base pairs for hairpin RNA targeting XIAP were designed, chemically synthesized,annealed,and cloned into the pSUPER vector.After identification by restriction digestion,the correct vectors were transiently transfected into SKOV3 cells,a human ovarian cancer cell line.The XIAP mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The proteins were detected by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence staining.Flow cytometry(FCM)analysis and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay method were applied to measure cell cycle,cell growth and sensitiveness to cisplatin.Results SKOV3 cells had a high level expression of XIAP.The vector of RNA interference,which can interfere with XIAP gene was successfully constructed.After transient transfection,the expression of XIAP protein was significantly decreased in SKOV3 cells and the value of relative density was 3584?124,2138?65,1973?80 and 110 ?12,respectively(P=0.0334).At the same time,the expression of XIAP mRNA was decreased accordingly and the value of relative density was 6674?274,4532?107,2322?57 and 1864?78, respectively(P=0.0127).The FCM results showed that,the vector could increase the number of cells in G_1 phase compared with parent cells and compared with the cells transfected with pSUPER(P

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Basigin ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; analysis ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; analysis ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 ; analysis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis ; genetics ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism