Multifunctional proteglycan, versican, is recently recognized as a gene related to tumor metastasis. Versican may maintain or inhibit cell growth, affect cell adherence and regulate the mutual interaction between cells or cell and matrix. Higher expression of versican always correlates with worse prognosis.

Objective To develop a smoke inhalation unit simulating airtight cabin.Methods We designed a completed smoke inhalation unit composed of smoke generation cabinet,circulation pipe line and inhalation cabinet.The unit was verified with 42 SD rats inhaled with smoke generated from combustion of 9 nonmetal materials used in a airtight cabin.The rats were randomly divided into experimental group and 5 inhalation groups,with 7 rats in each group.The concentrations of CO,O2 and acid gases in the inhalation cabinet were analyzed.The activities and mortality of the rats within 7 d were recorded.COHb% of 21 rats in ten-minute inhalation groups was detected quickly after exposure.Results The concentration of smoke increased with the time of combustion and kept constant on each time point.The degree of intoxication in rats increased with the time of inhalation,and COHb% of ten-minute inhalation groups showed good reproducibility.Conclusion Our developed unit can simulate the smoke generation and intoxication in airtight cabin and keep good reproducibility of animal injury.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Valproic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Objective:To find absorbable adhesives with suitable bonding properties for the absorbable polylactic acid root canal post. To test and compare the bond strengths of absorbable polylactic acid root canal post with three different adhesives. Methods:The absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts were used to restore the extracted teeth, using 3 different adhesives: cyanoacrylates, fibrin sealant and glass ionomer cement. The teeth were prepared into slices for micro-push-out test. The bond strength was statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The specimens were examined using microscope and the failure mode was divided into four categories:cohesive failure between absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts and adhesives, cohesive failure between dentin and adhesives, failure within the adhesives and failure within the absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts. Results:The bond strength of cyanoacrylates [(16. 83 ± 6. 97) MPa] and glass ionomer cement [(12. 10 ± 5. 09) MPa] were significantly higher than fibrin sealant [ ( 1 . 17 ± 0 . 50 ) MPa ] , P <0 . 001 . There was no significant difference between cyanoacrylates and glass ionomer cement (P =0. 156). In the group of cyanoacrylates, the cohesive failure between the absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts and the adhesives was 25 . 0%, the cohe-sive failure between the dentin and the adhesives was 16. 7%, the failure within the adhesives was 33. 3%, and the failure within the absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts was 25 . 0%. In the group of fibrin sealant , the cohesive failure between the absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts and the adhesives was 66 . 7%, the cohesive failure between the dentin and the adhesives was 22 . 2%, the failure within the ad-hesives was 11. 1%. In the group of glass ionomer cement, the cohesive failure between the absorbablepolylactic acid root canal posts and the adhesives was 87. 5%, the failure within the adhesives was 12. 5%. The major failure mode in fibrin sealant and glass ionomer cement was the cohesive failure between the absorbable polylactic acid root canal posts and the adhesives. No major failure modes were found in the group of cyanoacrylates. Conclusion:The bond strength of fibrin sealant is low, which cannot meet the requirement of clinical use. The bond strengths of cyanoacrylates and glass ionomer cement are suitable for clinical use. The cyanoacrylates are a kind of absorbable adhesive which has suitable bonding proper-ties for the absorbable polylactic acid root canal post.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common kind of vertigo,which can be divided into idiopathic and secondary types.Head trauma,surgery,and inner ear diseases may induce the secondary BPPV,but the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic BPPV is still unknown.Recent studies indicate that multiple factors are associated with idiopathic BPPV;in this article we will review the risk factors of idiopathic BPPV.

In order to evaluate the characteristics of the spray drying of total flavonoids of Epimedium extracts assisted with soybean polysaccharide, a certain percentage of soybean polysaccharide or polyvidone were added to the total flavonoids of Epimedium extract to conduct the spray drying. The effect of soybean polysaccharides against the wall sticking effect of the spray drying was detected, as well as the powder property of total flavonoids of Epimedium spray drying powder and the dissolution in vitro behavior of the effective component. Compared with the total flavonoids of Epimedium spray drying powder, soybean polysaccharide revealed a significant anti-wall sticking effect. The spray drying power which had no notable change in the grain size made a increase in the fluidity, improvement in the moisture absorption and remarkable rise in the dissolution in vitro behavior. It was worth further studying the application of soybean polysaccharide in spray drying power of traditional Chinese medicine.
Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Particle Size ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Powders ; Soybeans ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the pathway of lymphatic drainage of proteins from cerebral parenchyma in subarachnoid hemorrhage rat models. Methods Healthy adult male Wistar rats were divided into Saline group, Evans blue-labeled albumin (EBA) group, and SAH + EBA group. SAH models were produced by double injection of autologous arterial blood into cisterna magna. Using a modified microinjection method, EBA was injected into left candate-putamen of the EBA group and EBA + SAH group rats. In Saline control group, saline was injected. After injection, at 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 5 days, the animals were sacrificed and the fluorescence signals of EBA were imagined and analyzed along the possible lymphatic drainage pathway, e.g. the brain tissue, the wall of common carotid artery, and cervical lymphatic nodes. Results One day after injection, in EBA group, the fluorescence of EBA initially appeared on the left of the brain, the wall of common carotid artery, left lateral cerebral ventricle, and the perivascular spaces of cerebral vessels. The fluorescence signals gradually expanded to the opposite side.Large amount of fluorescence granules accumulated in the outer layer of common carotid artery. Fluorescence was also found in cervical lymphatic nodes. Two days after injection in this group, the density of fluorescencein the brain became weaker while the density of fluorescence in rhinencephalon became stronger. The fluorescence of EBA was found in lymphatic nodes adjacent to abdominal aorta. In SAH + EBA group,reduced amount and velocity of the drainage of EBA from left caudate-putamen to rhinencephalon, cervical lymphatic nodes, and lymphatic nodes adjacent to abdominal aorta were observed. From 12 hours to 5 days after injection, fluorescence intensity of EBA in deep cervical lymphatic nodes in SAH + EBA group(8.9 ±2. 0, 11.9 ± 2. 5, 17.4 ± 3.7, 26.7 ± 4. 5 and 59.0 ± 8. 1 ) were lower than those in EBA group ( 14. 5 ±3.2, 27.5 ±7.4, 60.3 ±12.3, 138.0±12.0 and 108. 1 ±13.4, F=13. 17, 24.04, 66.81, 302.77 and 59.36, P ＜ 0. 01 ). From 2 to 5 days, fluorescence intensity of EBA in lymphatic nodes adjacent to abdominal aorta was also lower in SAH + EBA group( 11.0 ± 1.5, 12. 5 ±2. 8, 23.6 ±3. 2) than those in EBA group(26. 3 ±5.9, 47.5 ±9.6, 41.0 ±9.3; F =38. 17, 72.52, 19.01, P ＜0.01). Conclusion SAH can result in reduced drainage of macromolecular substances, e.g. protein, from the brain via lymphatic pathway.

Aim To establish a method to evaluate lymphatic drainage of macromolecular tracer in cerebrospinal fluid in rats.Methods Rat cervical lymphatic blockade(CLB)models were established by occlusion of cervical lymphatic tubes and removal of cervical lymphatic nodes.The rats were divided into non CLB(normal controls) and CLB groups.~(125)I-labeled human serum albumin(~(125)I-HSA)was injected into the left lateral cerebral ventricle,and blood samples were collected and ~(125)I-HSA concentrations were detected continually within 24 hours.Concentration-time curve was drawn according to the single compartment model in pharmacokinetics.Parameters of pharmacokinetics such as area under curve(AUC),maximum concentration(C_(max)),transfer rate constant K_a and peak time(T_(max))were derived.The AUC,C_(max),K_a,and T_(max) regarding the lymphatic drainage of ~(125)I-HSA were calculated based on the differences between the two groups.Results AUC,C_(max),K_a of ~(125)I-HSA by lymphatic drainage were 51.97 mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),2.91 mg·L~(-1),and 0.64 h~(-1),respectively.The proportion of AUC,C_(max),K_a of ~(125)I-HSA by lymphatic drainage to those of drained by both arachnoid granulations and lymphatics was 71.53%,44.02%,58.18%,respectively.T_(max) in CLB group(8.36±0.82 h)was much longer than that in non CLB group(3.57±0.54 h).Conclusions A method to evaluate lymphatic drainage of macromolecular tracer in cerebrospinal fluid in rats is successfully established.The lymphatic drainage pathway plays an important role in eliminating macromolecular substances in cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To explore the protocol that induced marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into islet-secreting cells in vitro and to provide new clues for the sources of islet transplantation.Methods Using a defined culture medium and technique for transdifferentiation, MSCs from adult SD rats were guided into specific insulin-secreting cells. The expressions of nestin and islet-specific hormones and proteins, such as insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx-1) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence cytochemistry staining before and after induction. The expressions of pancreatic islet cell differentiation-related transcripts, such as nestin, insulin 1, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2), Isl-1, Pdx-1, Pax-4 and Pax-6 were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, the quantity of insulin secretion was examined using radioimmunoassay. Results Five hours after induction, (44.6±7.3)% of differentiated MSCs expressed nestin and it increased to (61.8±8.4)% 24 hs after induction, but the expression of nestin almost disappeared at day 14. In the meantime, islet-like cellular clusters appeared after day 14 and became more apparent by day 28. Differentiated cells were found to be immunoreactive to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and Pdx-1, and expressed insulin 1, GLUT 2, GK, Isl-1, PDX-1, Pax-4, Pax-6 mRNA. In addition, the results of cumulative quantities of insulin of 24 hs and the stimulation index showed that differentiated cells were able to produce insulin at higher levels, and displayed glucose-dependent insulin release in vitro. Conclusions Adult rat MSCs can be differentiated into insulin-secreting cells in vitro. This approach might lead to widespread cell replacement therapy for Type 1 diabetes.