Objective To find out about community residents' demands and intentions for health service and explore new ways of delivering life-long health service. Methods An investigation was made via sending questionnaires to each household into the health conditions and demands and intentions for health service of 700 residents in 5 neighborhood committees and 1000 discharged patients as well as sub-healthy groups of people in a certain area in Nanchang. Results Of those surveyed, the two-week morbidity was 438 per thousand; the chronic morbidity was 574 per thousand; only 31.1% of the residents went to eommanity hospitals for medical service; and 63.4% of the residents never took any health care service while 59.6% of the residents thought it necessary to take health care service. Conclusion The masses of people are in dire need of low-price life-long medical service. Second-grade third-tier and second-tier hospitals in big and medium-sized cities may explore viable new ways of medical service that will meet the needs of society.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 3.0 tesla to depict the characterization of human carotid arterial vessel wall and detect atherosclerotic lesions ex vivo in comparison to histopathologic results. MethodsEighteen carotid arteries obtained from 9 elderly donors underwent fat-suppressed T1 - and T2-weighted MR imaging at 3.0 tesla MR system with a mouse coil. Corresponding histological sections were obtained for the comparison. Correlation between MR images and histopathologic slices was obtained by Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient.Cohen K was computed to quantify the agreement between MRI and histopathologic findings.Results Lumen area,intima and media area measured on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images showed stronger correlation with the corresponding histopathologic slices [ MRI vs.histopathology:( 27. 53 ± 6. 77 ) mm2 vs.( 25.83 ±6. 69 ) mm2, r2 ＝ 0. 91,P2 ＝ 0. 024, ( 12.31 ± 3. 31 ) mm2 vs.( 12. 28 ± 3.71 ) mm2, r2 ＝ 0. 70, P2 ＝ 0. 020,Median 12. 29 mm2(Min 1.12 mm2, Max 33.18 mm2) vs.Median 11.62 mm2(Min 0.89 mm2, Max 32. 84 mm2 ), r2 ＝ 0. 74, P2 ＝ 0. 016, respectively]. The Cohen K score between the MR imaging and American Heart Association classifications was 0. 74, which corresponds to a good agreement. Conclusions 3.0 T high-resolution multi-sequence MRI can clearly show the structure of ex vivo carotid artery wall and allow quantitative assessment.Fat-suppressed T2Wimaging has a greater advantagein presenting atherosclerotic lesions.

Objective: To systematically evaluate risk factors for cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), so as to provide the evidence for formulating CMM prevention and control strategies. Methods: Publications pertaining to the risk factors for CMM were retrieved from databases, including SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to March 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0, and sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Results: Totally 494 publications were screened, and 20 publications were included in the final analysis, including 13 cohort studies (covering 1 940 000 participants) and 7 cross-sectional studies (covering 13 000 000 participants). Meta-analysis revealed that female (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.40-1.71), middle age (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 3.33-4.34), elderly (OR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.48-5.37), urban resident (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.27-1.57), higher education level (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.35-3.01), higher economic level (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.16-1.25), overweight (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.64-2.26), obesity (OR=3.01, 95%CI: 2.30-3.93), central obesity (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.12-2.56), smoking (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.07-1.51), alcohol consumption (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.01-1.59), irregular diet (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02-1.18), insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.07-1.17), lack of sleep at night (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.08-1.27), and depression (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.69) were risk factors for CMM. Sensitivity analysis of effects of central obesity and alcohol consumption were not robust. No publication bias was examined by Egger's test. Conclusions Female, middle age, elderly, urban resident, higher education level, higher economic level, overweight, obesity, central obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, irregular diet, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, lack of sleep at night and depression are risk factors for CMM.

To study the transport mechanisms of drugs for transplacental treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia, MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell models was used. MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell monolayer model was used to investigate the bi-direction transport of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone, procainamide and flecainide. Drug concentrations were measured by HPLC-UV or chemiluminescence. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)), efflux rate (R(E)) and net efflux rate (R(net)) were calculated. Drugs with R(net) greater than 1.5 were further investigated using cellular accumulation experiments with or without a BCRP inhibitor. The R(net) of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone and procainamide were less than 1.5, while R(net) of flecainide with concentrations of 20 and 5 μmol x L(-1) were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. The results showed that the transport of flecainide on MDCKII-BCRP cell monolayer could be mediated by BCRP; and the affinity increased when the concentration of flecainide decreased. Cellular accumulation experiments further suggested that accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells was significantly lower than that in MDCKII cells in a concentration-dependent manner. BCRP inhibitor quercetin (50 μmol x L(-1)) significantly increased the accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells (P < 0.05). Our preliminary data showed that flecainide but not sotalol, propranolol, propafenone or procainamide can be a substrate of BCRP. Thus the effect of flecainide may be affected by the BCRP in the maternal placental trophoblast membrane layer when treating fetal tachyarrhythmia.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Dogs ; Female ; Flecainide ; metabolism ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; metabolism ; Placenta ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Tachycardia ; drug therapy

The effect of magnetic Fe3O4 particles on cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull was studied in different adding ways and additive amount. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull, the variations of cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and cellulose conversion were evaluated. After the reaction, the analysis of pH and surface tension of hydrolysate were also used to determine the mechanisms of cellulase by the magnetic effect. The results indicated that after adding magnetic Fe3O4, the cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and conversion of cellulose had an increased between the 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L cases after 48 h. When the additive amount of magnetic Fe3O4 was 2 g/L, the cellulase activity at 60 h was improved significantly by 25.9%. It was found that the concentration of reducing sugar was increased from 6.950 mg/mL to 8.775 mg/mL with magnetic Fe3O4 1.5 g/L. Simultaneously, compared with the blank, which the conversion of cellulose was 47.932%, the maximum celluloseconversion of samples with adding magnetic Fe3O4 was 60.531%. Besides, the stability of cellulase activity adding in times was better than in one time. After the reaction, the final surface tension of hydrolysate with 1.5 g/L magnetic Fe3O4 was the lowest in comparison with the blank. However, no significant differences were observed in the final pH of the hydrolysate.

OBJECTIVEGenistein could inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. This study explored the role of PI3K/AKT signaling during genistein promoted eNOS activation.

METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with ox-LDL (100 mg/L), then treated with genistein (100 nmol/L) for 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. The production of NO was assessed by Griess reaction in cell culture supernatant. The mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of eNOS and phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) were determined by Western blot. The effect of genistein on phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) level was also observed in the presence of LY294002 or NSC154020 (PI3K and AKT inhibitors).

RESULTSThe concentration of NO and the expression level of phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) were significantly increased in ox-LDL + genistein treated cells than ox-LDL treated cells (all P < 0.05), and the peak effects were observed at 15 min, however, eNOS mRNA and non-phosphorylated eNOS protein expression were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) was significantly lower in PIK3/AKT inhibitors LY294002 and NSC154020 treated cells compared with ox-LDL + genistein treated cells (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGenistein could promote the activity of eNOS through increasing phosphorylation eNOS(Ser(1179)) level through PI3K/AKT pathway.

Cells, Cultured ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

BACKGROUND:There is a very close relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-κB in the alveolar bone andinterleukin-17 in the serum and gingiva in the mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy. METHODS:Female mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into ovariectomy and sham operation groups. At 6 months after surgery, the mouse models were evaluated histologically on the submandibular bone and thigh bone stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In the submandibular bone, the expression levels of OCN and Runx2 were detected by RT-PCR, and the expression level of nuclear factor-κB was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay. Besides, the expression level of interleukin-17 in the serum and gingival homogenate was evaluated using Cytometric Beads Array. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The thigh bone in the ovariectomy group revealed the thin cortical bone, enlarged marrow cavity, and increased resorption lacunae, as well as fewer, thinner trabeculae with lower density and irregular structure. Compared with the sham operation group, the expression levels of OCN and Runx2 in the alveolar bone were decreased in the ovariectomy group. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (P65)appeared with P65 positive expression in the submandibular bone in the ovariectomy group, and the relative expression level was higher than that in the sham operation group. The serum level of interleukin-17 in the ovariectomy group was higher than that in the sham operation group, but the level in the gingival tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups. These results indicate that estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy can activate nuclear factor-κB signal pathway to play a role in periodontal osteolysis. However interleukin-17 in the local periodontal tissue may not be a key cytokine to damage the periodontal tissue.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic training in combined with exercise training can increase the hypoxia levels of the body to mobilize the potentials of the body, resist to and actively adapt physiological responses resulted from hypoxia, so as to improve athletic performance.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the influence of hypoxic training on skeletal muscle structure and function, to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for hypoxic training.METHODS: Using "hypoxic training, skeletal muscle, function, structure" in English as the search terms, PubMed database was ratrieved from 1990 to March 2009; Using "hypoxic training, skeletal muscle, function and structure" in Chinese as the search terms,CNKI database was searched from 2000 to May 2009. Literatures are limited to English and Chinese languages. The content related to the effect of hypoxic training on skeletal muscle structure and function was selected, and repetitive researches were eliminated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 144 literatures were obtained from computer screening, and then analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hypoxic training could avoid the disadvantages caused by conventional altitude training, the hypoxia environment is regulated according to the body's ability to adapt hypoxia, the normal training is ensured, so that skeletal muscle obtains beneficial physiological adaptation. Compared with pure hypoxia stimulation, different forms of hypoxia and different training methods may integrate into different modes of hypoxic training, which makes skeletal muscle function and structure more complex. The combination form of hypoxia and training is the main factor of the effect of hypoxia training on skeletal muscle function and structure. Different objects of experiments and test methods are likely to interfere with the conclusions, which also affect the mechanism of the role of hypoxic training on skeletal muscle.

Breviscapine, a flavone glucuronide, is a cardiovascular medicine extracted from a Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapinus. Modern pharmacological research shows breviscapine has a therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases such as cerebral thrombus,cerebral ischemia hemiparesis and platelet aggregation et al. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo severely restrict the clinical application. In this article, we reviewed the marketing preparations of breviscapine and its research progress on the new dosage forms.
Biomedical Research ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; economics ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; economics ; Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of new cretinism cases and the prevalence of endemic goiter in iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) high-risk areas of Fujian province,so as to put forward target prevention and control measures for these areas.Methods Twelve counties from Xiuyu,Xiangan,Pingtan,and Dongshan were chosen into the survey by simple random sampling,searching for new cretinism cases were carried out in children under 10 years old.Two schools were chosen in every county and the thyroid volume of forty children aged 8 - 10 were determined by B-ultrasonography methods and their urinary iodine(UI) was determined by As3--Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry in each school.Twenty women of child-bearing age aged 18 - 40 were chosen for collecting edible salt and urine samples,and the salt iodine content was determined using self-quantitative kit and their UI was also determined by As3--Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Results In the 4 high-risk counties,no cretinism cases were found.The goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 was 3.6％(37/1027),and that in Dongshan county was 5.4％(13/240),which was higher than the national standards for eliminating IDD( ＜ 5％).The median urinary iodine(MUI) of children aged 8 - 10 was 175.3 μg/L,and the MUI of women aged 18 -40 was 152.7 μg/L.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 82.7％(382/462).ConclusionsNew case or suspected new case of cretinism is not discovered in the high-risk areas of IDD of Fujian province,and median urinary iodine level of people is in the adequate range.