[Summary] Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ocular damage involved in lacrimal, tear film, cornea, and conjunctiva which can lead to ocular discomfort and decreased visual.The mechanism of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ocular surface damage and treatment is reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on gastric carcinoma cell line AGS in vitro and to assess the influence of As2O3 on the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: AGS cells were treated with different concentrations of As2O3 (1, 5, and 10 ?mol/L) for 24,48, and 72 h. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry and TUNEL, and the expression of STAT3 and VEGF was investigated by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Results: (1) As2O3 inhibited AGS cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner; (2) FCM results showed a typical sub-diploid peak before G0/ G1 phase and cell cycle analysis showed G2/M phase arrest; (3) TUNEL analysis revealed the DNA fragmentation; (4) During the As2O3-induced apoptosis of AGS cells, the expression of STAT3 and VEGF was down-regulated, especially when As2O3 was at 10 mol/L. Conclusion: As2O3 can inhibit the proliferation of AGS cells and induce AGS cell apoptosis, which might be related with cell cycle block and down-regulation of STAT3 and VEGF expression.

Objective To evaluate the morphological changes of sural nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by hyperfrequency ultrasound.Methods Fifty-six sural nerves of symptomatic group,64 sural nerves of asymptomatic group,and 60 sural nerves of control group were identified by 22 MHz Ultrasound.The thickness/width (T/W) ratio,cross-sectional areas (CSA) and the maximum thickness of neuronal fascicles (MT) of the sural nerve were calculated in transverse sonograms.Results ①Ultrasound can clearly show these structures of sural nerve such as epineurium,perineurium and nerve bundles and so on.②In symptomatic group,asymptomatic group and control group,T/W ratio and MT were gradually increased,and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Whereas,there were no statistically significant differences in CSA among the three groups (P=0.257).Conclusions22 MHz ultrasound may be a valuable tool in evaluating the diabetic cutaneous nerve neuropathy

Objective To evaluate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of both twin and singleton pregnancies, which delivered in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. The twin pregnancies were divided into two groups:those with (GDM-T, n=51) and without GDM (non-GDM-T, n=130), which were matched by maternal age and delivery time (within one month) in a ratio of 1∶2 among singleton pregnancies with (GDM-S, n=102) and without GDM (non-GDM-S, n=102), respectively. The differences of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among these four groups were examined. The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes was completed using Delphi method. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, rank test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results (1) When compared to GDM-S and non-GDM-S group respectively, less women conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, higher proportion of women underwent and gestational age at delivery tend to be earlier in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (all P<0.01). In oral glucose tolerance test,the fasting blood glucose level of GDM-T group was higher than the other three groups (F=21.716, P<0.01), the glucose levels at 1 and 2 h were higher than non-GDM-T and non-GDM-s respectively (both P<0.01), but no significant difference was found when compared with GDM-S group (P>0.01). Similarly, no significant difference was found in prenatal glycosylated hemoglobin value between GDM-T and GDM-S group (P>0.01). (2) There was no significant difference in the incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, asphyxia neonatorum, small for gestational age, hypoglycemia of newborn, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn and perinatal death between GDM-T group and the other three groups(all P>0.01). Higher incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage were shown in the GDM-T group than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S groups, respectively (both P<0.01). The incidences of preterm birth in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group were both higher than that in GDM-S and non-GDM-S, respectively [54.9%(66/102), 53.8%(140/260), 5.0%(10/102) and 3.0%(6/102), all P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (P>0.01). (3) The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes did not show any difference between GDM-T group and the other three groups (χ2=6.707, P>0.01). However, the score for fetal outcomes in the GDM-T group was higher than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S group, but lower than in non-GDM-T group [M(Q)=1.0(2.3), 0.0(3.0), 0.0(0.0), 1.0(2.8) score, χ2=122.818, P<0.01]. Conclusions GDM does not increase the risk of adverse pregnant outcomes in twin pregnancies.

Oral English teaching for Chinese postgraduates has always been focused on the drill of language skills,thus little attention was paid to the cultivation of students' thinking ability. This pa-per explored into the definition and theoretical basis of critical thinking and gave a case analysis of how to integrate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into the oral English classrooms in an effec-tive way. The questionnaire and interview among students showed that questioning,controversial dia-logue,debate and survey can help students to form the habit of critical thinking in an effective way and are also proved to be popular among medical postgraduates.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of microRNA-10a-5p (miR-10a) in laryngeal epithelial premalignant lesions (LEPL) and to analyze the correlations of its dysregulation with clinicopathologic parameters of LEPL.

METHODSAccording to the WHO classification (2005), 94 cases of LEPL were grouped into mild dysplasia (MID), moderate dysplasia (MOD), severe dysplasia (SD) and carcinoma in situ ( CIS). The expression of miR-10a in 94 cases of LEPL was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and correlated with the clinical and follow-up data of all LEPL patients.

RESULTSmiR-10a was down-regulated in LEPL with increasing grade of dysplasia. There was significantly statistical difference between low-risk ( MID + MOD) and high-risk ( SD + CIS) lesion groups (P = 0.03). The linear regression analysis showed that miR-10a was correlated with grade and gender of LEPL (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDown regulation of miR-10a may be a useful molecular marker for grading of LEPL and diagnosis of early laryngeal cancer.

Biomarkers ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Larynx ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

0.05).The adverse effect of treatment group was significantly less than control group(P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy on children with epilepsy.Methods Forty-one children (26 cases were male,15 cases were female) with epilepsy aged 7 months to 13 years were treated with LEV as monotherapy.These patients were selected from Department of Neurology ,Wuhan Children′s Hospital, from Aug.2007 to Aug.2009.The starting do-sage of LEV was (13.6?4.7) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily,and its objective dosage was (25.7?7.5) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily.LEV monotherapy was investigated by a self-controlled and open-label research,and the follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years.Results The effective rate was 68.3% (28 cases),with 39.0% (16 cases) achieving seizure freedom in LEV monotherapy of children with epilepsy.Thirteen patients (31.7%) had poor efficacy in reduction of seizures,7 patients (17.1%) discontinued LEV monotherapy due to either an inadequate seizure control or aggravated seizures.Fifteen patients (36.6%) had the therapy-related adverse events in LEV monotherapy,including gastrointestinal dysfunction (5 cases),irritability (5 cases),dizziness (2 cases) and somnolence (2 cases).The adverse effects appeared in 2-4 weeks of early LEV therapy and were spontaneously disappeared in 1 week to 1 month of continuing therapy.Conclusions The LEV monotherapy is effective and safe for the control of partial and generalized seizures in children with epilepsy.LEV appears to be a broad-spectrum,first-line anti-epileptic drug in treatment of children with epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic main points of poliomyelitis-like syndrome(PS).Met-hods The clinical data of 15 children with PS were analyzed retrospectively including nervous system manifestation,results of lab andauxiliary examination,diagnosis and reason of misdiagnosis,treatment and progress.Results PS in all 15 children was characterized by mean age of onset(3.3 years),and forerunner infection(in 11 cases,73%)with acute upper respiratory infection of diarrhea 1-2 weeks pre-onset or during onset.All cases were acute flaccid paralysis,12 cases(80%) of which were only one limb.The positive outcome of serologic examination in PS consisted of 4 cases in coxsackie virus-IgM,1 case in EB virus-IgM,1 case in herpes simplex virus-IgM and 1 case in mycoplasma-IgM.All children showed the electromyologram changes in nerve damage.The muscle force of 4 cases increased one grade.Conclusions Children with PS are characterized by the age of onset under 5 years old,acute flaccid paralysis(mostly affected one limb),and the most pathogen being enterovirus.The electromyologram examination can help establish a definite diagnosis in PS.

Objective To explore the risk factors affecting prognosis of children with Tourette syndrome(TS).Methods The follow-up visits were conducted on the clinical data of 98 cases with TS(85 male,13 female;aged 4-16 years old)from 1997 to 2005 in Wuhan children's hospital.All cases were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of TS in the 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ).The investigations were performed by the investigators who received special training using the unified questionnaire with the methods of direct inquiry or by telephone.The factors included sex,age,severity of TS,the primary symptoms,family history,coexisting diseases,basic diseases,perinatal abnormity and family-social relations.The prognosis of TS and these factors were analyzed by linear regression and stepwise regression with SPSS 12.0 software.Results About 16 cases lost follow-up and the other 82 cases with follow-up(72 male and 10 female)received retrospective review.They were 14 to 25 years old with complete data,and 50 cases healed,32 cases not healed.Results from non-conditional simple variant Logistic regression showed that such cases were associated with the following factors:age,family history of TS,severity of TS,coexisting diseases,basic diseases and perinatal abnormity(Pa0.05).Out of 6 suspicious factors,there were coexisting diseases(OR=84.088,95%CI 10.850-651.682),severity of TS(OR=13.956,95% CI 2.412-80.762),and family history of TS(OR=27.127,95% CI 1.047-702.831)of risk factors.Conclusion The long-term prognosis of children with TS may be related with coexisting disease,severity of TS and family history respectively.