Object:To find out college students' perceptions about counseling.Methods:By using a questionnaire about college students' view of counseling,875 college students of Zhejiang University from grade 1 to grade 4 were tested.Results:Most students acknowledged that counseling deals with mental issues and disorders. They were willing to help clients,and prefer counselors who are like their friends and family members.They agreed that counseling is helpful and,prefer one-hour sessions,which are free of charge.

72 sera of highly sensitized antibody patients were detected by 35 samples of undonor lymphocytes before and after the dithothreitol (DTT) treating.The results showed that 72 sera reacted completely to B lymphocytes in both 4℃ and 37℃,but incompletely to T lymphocytes.After removal of the transplant kidney due to rejection,the sera antibody levels of T or B lymphocytes were higher than those of the patients'sera after blood transfusion or pregnancy.The serum T or B antibody levels of pregnancy were the lowest.In DTT-treated sera of highly sensitized patients,the antibodies were mixed types of IgG and IgM.

Objectives: To investigate the treatment effect of enteral nutrition rich in diet fiber in diarrhea because of bacteria disorder after severe brain injuries.Methods:20 cases with severe brain injuries were supported with enteral nutrition rich in diet fiber after the occurrance of diarrhea because of bacteria disorder as clinical treatment group.20 cases with the same conditions were treated with traditional methods as control.Results: Diarrhea of all patients in clinical treatment group had been controlled during 7-10 days,and the feeding quantities reached total calories.The nutrition state was improved,and the body internalenvironment was stable during the 20 days. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition rich in fiber can treat diarrhea caused by bacteria disorder after severe brain injuries.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different anesthetic methods on myocardial function after the CABG operation and compare the hemodynamic variables under the propofol total intravenous anesthesia with high dosages fentanyl anesthesia. Methods 12 patients (ASA Ⅲ) undergoing selective CABG operation under CPB were randomly divided into two groups (with 6 in each): Group Ⅰ (large dosages of fentanyle anesthesia), and Group Ⅱ (propofol total intravenous anesthesia). The hemodynamic parameters were recorded after induction of anesthesia, after sternotomy, after CPB, and after closure of thoracostomy. Results There were no significant differences of MBP, HR, SVRI, CI, LVEF, and A/E, Tei index between the two groups. Conclusion The method of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was safe, effective and praticable for the CABG operations under CPB.

As our country lack professionals of public health,higher demand to the preventive medicine is further made with the transformation of medical model and the construction of the public health system,and the reformation in preventive medicine education of higher learning is explored to cultivate the practical professionals of public health by modulating education program and courses,modifying the cultivating plan,emphasizing the knowledge of liberal arts and management,strengthening the cultivation of ability and combining theory with practice.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-flux hemodialysis (HFD) on fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and its clinical significance.Methods Sixty uremia patients were divided into HFD group and hemodialysis (HD)group and observed for 12 months.Flow mediated dilation (FMD),cardiac ultrasonography,levels of FGF-23,serum phosphorus,serum calcium,25-(OH)D3,parathyroid hormone (PTH),homocysteine (Hcy) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested in all patients before and after treatment.The correlation of above indexes were analyzed.Results No statistical difference were found in primary disease,age and duration of dialysis in two groups.The levels of FGF-23 [(56.07±26.63) vs (85.53±40.54) ng/L,P ＜0.01],IL-6 [(3.37±2.48) vs (5.59±2.53) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05] and Hcy [(21.13±6.95) vs (29.40±11.66) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] decreased and FMD,25-(OH)D3 [(27.3± 10.26) vs (23.15± 10.73) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05] increased significantly after the treatment of HFD.There were no significant changes in the HD group.The baseline FMD was negatively correlated with FGF-23 (r =-0.413,P ＜ 0.05) and Hcy (r =-0.301,P ＜0.05).The baseline LVMI was correlated with FGF-23 (r =0.464 P ＜ 0.05).After one year's trearmeat of HFD,the changes of FMD(/△ FMD) was negatively correlated with the changes of FGF-23 (/△ FGF-23)(r =-0.347,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HFD can improve FMD and decrease FGF-23 levels.The improvement of FMD may be related to the decreased level of FGF-23.The effect of FGF-23 on FMD should be independent of serum phosphate.

Objective To exploer the function and underlying mechanism of Lunasin on sports articular cartilage injury.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and model group;after injection molding for 3 times, the model rats were feed for 28 days.Then the model rats were divided into sham model group, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L Lunasin treatment group respectively.After treatment, ELISA was used to analyze the production of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP-6 and MMP-8.SOD activity and iNOS were evaluated by their ELISA kit.Western blot was used to detect the expression of NRF2, Keap1, LC-3Ⅱ, Bax, Beclin1, p-AMPK, AMPK.Results Compared with control, the dose of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP-6 and MMP-8 in serum of model rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), however, after treatment with Lunasin for 1 month, these inflammatory factors were obviously reduced then that of model rats (P<0.05);Furthermore Lunasin treatment obvi-ously increased SOD activity,up-regulated NRF2 expression and down-regulated the generation of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P<0.05);Additionally, Lunasin can raise the expression of autophagy-related protein(beclin1 and LC-3Ⅱ), reduce the expression of apoptosis protein (Bax) in damaged articular cartilage.ConclusionsLunasin benefits the repair of damaged joints by reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, activating of oxidative stress system and autophagy pathway.

Objective To test thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppress GLUT4 expression and translocation by stimulating TNF-α secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cAMP-PKA pathway.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate into adipocytes.The adipocytes were treated with bovine TSH,Forskolin,H89 and Rapamycin,respectively.The concentration of TNF-α in the cell culture medium was measured by ELISA.The level of GLUT4 mRNA in adipocytes was assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction.Protein levels of GLUT4 in total cell lysates and plasma membrane lysates were quantified by Western blotting.Results Incubating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TSH markedly increased the concentration of TNF-α in medium in a time-and dosedependent manner (P ＜ 0.05); meanwhile,the levels of GLUT4 mRNA and total and plasma membrane GLUT4 protein were decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).H89 and rapamycin could block the above effects respectively (326.7±43.2 vs.341.9±12.0,P＞0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in the TNF-α levels between stimulation with 1 μmmol/L forskolin versus 0.04 μmmol/L bovine TSH (481.9± 28.4 vs.522.7± 36.2,P＞0.05).Conclusions TSH can down-regulate GLUT4 expression and translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by stimulating TNF-α secretion through a cAMP-PKA pathway.

Objective To investigate low plasma total cholesterol concentration in hospitalized patients,which is associated with malnourishment.Methods A total of 358 inpatients who were treated in our hospital from January 1 to February 1,2009,were enrolled.The relationships between low plasma total cholesterol (TC) level and other parameters were analyzed.Results Irrespective of women or men,the morbidities of low plasma TC,low plasma albumin,low plasma total proteins,low plasma triglyceride (TG) and low hemoglobin (Hb) levels were highly consistent with the result of subjective global assessment (SGA) (P ＜0.05).Plasma TC concentration was positively correlated with albumin,TG,Hb,lymph cells number,and body mass index (P＜0.05).TC levels were different between men and women (P ＜0.0001).Meanwhile,low plasma TC level was not correlated with age,but it was correlated with total parenteral nutrition.Conclusion Low plasma TC concentration may relate to malnourished hospitalized patients.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Models of acute SCI were established in 96 SpragueDawley rats using Allen's dropping weight technique. The rats were then divided into a HBO group, a high pressure nitrogen normal oxygen group, a normal pressure oxygen group and a normal pressure air group. The injured spinal cords were sampled for morphological studies at the 1 st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after injury. Apoptotic cells were labeled using the TUNEL technique, and the expression of caspase-3 was detected. The neurological functionality of the spinal cord was assessed by open field locomotor evaluation ( the BBB score). Results The expression of caspase3 in the HBO group decreased significantly more than in the other groups after injury. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly lower in the HBO group as well. Neurological function improved significantly after HBO therapy. Conclusions HBO can down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 and inhibit cell apoptosis in rats after SCI.The protective effect of HBO was related with the oxygen level.