Abstract Exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy and kidney cancer. Acute and chronic PM2.5 exposure lead to the damage of glomerular filtration and kidney tissue of mice. PM2.5 induces cellular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, renin angiotensin system and bradykinin system activation, so that causes renal blood vessel and tissue damage, decreases glomerular filtration rate and clearance capacity, and mediates the occurrence of kidney damage and diseases. This article reviews the studies into the impact of PM2.5 on kidney and its mechanism form 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of kidney injury induced by PM2.5.

BACKGROUND: Long-term radioactive ray accumulation leads to surrounding tissues fibrosis accompanied by limitation of mouth-opening, which seriously affects life quality of tumor patients. OBJECTIVE: To observe pathological change of soft tissues in rats with radiation masseter injury and the level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression in vivo.METHODS: A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and radiated group (n=20). Radiated group were radiated with linear accelerator at a dose of 40 Gy. The pathological changes of vessels were observed under light microscope and electron microscope and expression of TGF-β1 was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microvessel density of radiated group was obviously decreased than that of the control group (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression of was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). It suggests that radiated injury can induce fibrosis to repair the radiated injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of oxidative stress and lipoic acid(antioxidant)on bone metabolism and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 24 Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups. Osteoporosis rats model was established by bilateral ovaries deleted. Rat in lipoic acid group was injected with lipoic acid(60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks. The bone mineral density(BMD),steo?calcin,ALP,Ca,P,MDA,SOD and GSH?Px were detected. The levels of OPG and RANKL in serum were measured by Western blotting. OPG and RANKL mRNA were detected by real?time PCR. Results The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level in femur of osteoporosis group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). On the other hand,steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level of lipoic acid group were significantly higher than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). The steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly lower than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress may increase osteoporosis through the upregulation of OPG/RANKL pathway in rats ,and antioxidant lipoic acid can alleviate the progress of osteoporosis.

Objective To study the effects and reasons caused by different sex on the teaching of ligation in fundamental surgery. Methods Students of grade 2005 were chosen,and then sc10.35 statistical software was used to analyze these four different departments’data and independent-samples T test to compare the data of 2 groups. Results It showed a statistical significance(P

Objective To investigate the factors influencing basic rehabilitation service needs of people with disability at Zhabei District in Shanghai .Methods Primary rehabilitation demands and services of 10 311 disabled persons in Zhabei District were surveyed.Results The screening rate of persons with disability having primary rehabilitation demands was 83.5%. And the gender, age, type of disability, disability level, education, employment might be the factors affecting the primary rehabilitation demands of people with disability.Conclusion The primary rehabilitation service demands vary in deferent types of people with disability. The various services based on the extensive rehabilitation services should be provided to deferent categories of people with disability.

Objective To understand the status of special rehabilitation service demands of people with disability at Zhabei District in Shanghai and to provide the basis for the policy development.Methods Screen rate (SR) was used to indicate the level of demand of rehabilitation service, the data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results There were 4 349 persons with disability who demanded the special rehabilitation service; the SR of “on-site rehabilitation service” demands was the highest among the whole persons with disability; the SR of “personalized allotment of supplies and appliances” demands of the intellectual disability and mental disability was lower than the other types; the SR of special rehabilitation service demands of the female, the elderly, the low cultural level, the unemployed and the people with severe disability were relatively higher.Conclusion The form of “on-site rehabilitation services” needs to improve based on the demand of the disabilities; “personalized supplies and appliances” for the intellectual disability and mental disability needs to further develop; the rehabilitation services targeted to the female, the elderly, the low cultural level, the unemployed and the people with severe disability need to improve.

Objective To provide the advice on how to optimize the allocation of resources and make other policy through the analysis factors affecting rehabilitation services needs of people with disability at Zhabei district in Shanghai.Methods The factors affecting rehabilitation services needs such as types of disability, disability levels, education, employment, marital status, age and sex were analyzed with Logistic analysis.Results The factors affecting primary rehabilitation services were types of disability, education, employment situation, marital status and sex. And people with disability had the characters of female, hearing disability, retired returned to more primary rehabilitation services, with OR values being 1.219, 1.544 and 1.533 respectively compared with itself controls. And the high educational disable people' will, returning to primary rehabilitation services, was weaker compared with low educational disable people. The factors affecting special rehabilitation services were types of disability and employment situation. And people with disability had the characters of hearing disability, unemployment returned to more special rehabilitation services, with OR values being 2.380 and 1.310 respectively compared with itself controls.Conclusion The rehabilitation needs are different among different groups people with disability, so the factors affecting rehabilitation services needs such as types of disability, education, employment situation, marital status and sex should be taken into consideration while activating primary rehabilitation services, while the types of disability and employment situation should be taken into more consideration while activating special rehabilitation services.

[Objective]To provide quantitative data of atlantoaxial pedicle for its surgical screw internal fixation by imageology measurement and improve the success rate of the surgical treatment.[Method]The examinations ofCR,DRX,MRI and 64-row CT were performed in each patient preoperatively,and the atlantoaxial pedical screw entry points and screw entry angles were then measured by PACsee system.[Result]The atlas pedicle screw entry points were localized position which its distance to the left of the atlas pedicle midline was(19.93?1.32) mm,and to the right of the atlas pedicle midline was(19.16?1.30)mm.The screw entry angles to the inside of the atlas pedicle were localized position which its distance to the left of the atlas pedicle midline was(23.72?2.09)?,and to the right of the atlas pedicle midline was(23.35?1.91)?.The screw entry angle to the head of the atlas pedicle was(9.00?1.20)?.The axis pedicle screw entry points were localized position which its distance to the left of the axis pedicle midline was(13.14+0.82) mm,and to the right of the axis pedicle midline was(13.85?0.79)mm.The screw entry angles to inside of the axis pedicle were localized position which its distance to the left of the axis pedicle midline was(24.52?1.26)?,and to the right of the axis pedicle midline was(20.42?1.42)?,The screw entry angle to the head of the axis pedicle was(25?3)?.48 patients were taken treatment with atlantoaxial pedicle surgical screw intemal fixation.Among these patients,there were 35 males and 13 females with a mean age 43.60 years old(ranged 22 to 61 years old),22 patients with type II old odontoid fracture,12 patients with odontoid nonunion and 14 patients disruption of the transverse ligament.The x-ray and CT scans of all post-surgery patients could prove the atlas were completely reduced,axis odontoid fracture had good reduction and bony fusion were achieved after 10.6 months.The JOA evaluation standards showed 31 patients were excellent,14 patients were good,2 patients were fair and a patient was poor,excellent and good ratio was 93.57%.[Conclusion]The imageology measurement quantitative data of atlantoaxial pedicle could guide effectively the screw internal fixation surgery.

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of blood stasis and heat accumulation syndrome in accordance with the Chinese medicine (CM) theoretic features.

METHODSThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, and the danshen root group, 10 in each. Rats in the danshen root group were given danshen decoction at 13.5 g/kg by gastrogavage, with the volume of 20 mL/kg, twice daily for 7 successive days. As for rats in the normal group and the model group, equal volume of pure water was given to them by gastrogavage, twice daily for 7 successive days. On the 4th day of medication, carrageen at 50 mg/kg was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group and the danshen root group, once daily for 3 successive days. Twenty-four h after the last injection, 20% dry yeast suspension (10 mL/kg) was given to the rats by subcutaneous injection. The indictors such as body temperature, tongue figure, tail ecchymosis, skin color of the ears and four limbs, microcirculation indicators, and hemorheological indicators were observed 6 h later.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, red and purple tongue, longer and thicker arteries and veins under the tongue, red and purple claw color, red ear flap edge, obvious ecchymosis of the tail occurred in rats of the model group (P<0.01), with obviously increased body temperature (P<0.01). The blood velocity of the microcirculation in the ear flap obviously decreased. The hemorheology tests showed that the whole blood viscosity (high, middle, and low), hematocrit, and erythrocyte electrophoretic time obviously increased, red blood cell deformation index obviously deceased, showing statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the length of ecchymosis in the tail obviously decreased in rats of the danshen root group. The blood velocity score of the microcirculation obviously increased. The hemorheology tests showed that the whole blood viscosity (high, middle, and low), hematocrit, and erythrocyte electrophoretic time obviously decreased, red blood cell deformation index obviously increased, showing statistical difference (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe rat model of blood stasis and heat accumulation syndrome established with carrageen and dry yeast suspension injection had obvious features, with good reproducibility and stability. It could be used in the study of CM basic theories, screening of Chinese herbs, and the theories of Chinese-drug properties.

Objective To evaluate the potential differences in serum proteomic profiles between patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and precancerous lesions in order to establish proteomic pattern model for diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesions in high risk area,and to investigate its value in screening ESCC.Methods The serum and endoscopic biopsy samples were obtained from 38 normal controls,63 patients with atypical hyperplasia(class Ⅰ 26 cases,class Ⅱ 26 cases,class Ⅲ 11 cases)and 36 patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.The serum proteomic patterns were examined using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS)and CM10 protein chip.The data was analyzed and disease diagnostic models were established using support vector machine(SVM).The diagnostic model was evaluated and validated by leave one cross validation.Results ①The diagnostic model could differentiate advanced esophageal carcinoma from normal controls with a specificity of 89.47%and a sensitivity of 83.33%.②The results delivered 92.31%,80.77% and 90.91%specificity,and 80.56%,83.33%and 94.44%sensitivity for discrimination of atypical hyperplasia Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ,respectively,using diagnostic models.③Four(4291,5644,5664,8775)m/z peaks observed repeatedly using diagnostic models.Conclusions The SELDI-TOF-MS and SVM provide a new approach for discrimination of ESCC and precancerous lesions in high risk area.Four(4291,5644,5664,8775)m/z peaks may considered as potential biomarkers which related to the ESCC and esophageal precancerous lesions.