Object:To find out college students' perceptions about counseling.Methods:By using a questionnaire about college students' view of counseling,875 college students of Zhejiang University from grade 1 to grade 4 were tested.Results:Most students acknowledged that counseling deals with mental issues and disorders. They were willing to help clients,and prefer counselors who are like their friends and family members.They agreed that counseling is helpful and,prefer one-hour sessions,which are free of charge.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of atlanto-axial pedicle screw plate and fusion in treatment of upper cervical injuries. [Methods]Fifty-six cases of upper cervical spine injuries were treated with atlanto-axial pedicle screw plate and internal fixation,with total 200 screws,from March 2000 to September 2007.There were 36 males and 14 females,with an average age of 41.52 years(ranged,20~65 years).There were 23 cases of type II odontoid process fracture,12 cases of odontoid process nonunion,15 cases of transverse ligament injury.[Results]Greater occipital nerve pain occurred in 4 cases postoperatively and fully recovered after treatment 1 month later.The lateral cortical bone was penetrated by screws in 2 cases,without spinal cord or vertebral artery injury.Forty-eight cases were followed up for an average of 27.56 months(ranged,25~60 months).Bone fusion was achieved in all cases,without plate or screw broken.X-ray showed complete replacement of atlas and odontoid process of axis fracture.CT showed good position relation between screw and vertebral artery or spinal cord.According to JOA classification,excellent result was achieved in 34 cases,good in 13 cases,fair in 2 cases,poor in 1 case,with the good-to-excellent rate of 94.00%.[Conclusion]Atlanto-axial pedicle screw combined with plate fixation system is effective in treatment of upper cervical injuries.It can significantly improve the biomechanical stability of atlantoaxial joint,with high bone graft fusion rate.

Objective To build a more perfect serum protein ifngerprint models for early diagnosis of ganglioneuroblas-toma (GNB) in children. Methods Thirty children with GNB and 30 normal control children were recruited. Serum samples were collected. Nonspeciifc serum protein was detected and studied by MB-WCX processing, SELDI-TOF-MS mass spectrom-etry system and MALDI-TOF/TOF platform. Results Through the SELDL-TOX-MS processing, a peak at 5920 m/z protein markers, and the expression of the markers was high in GNB children (6180.6±2328), compared with normal control children (419.1±493.3), the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05);MALDI-TOF/TOF platform showed that the protein with a peak at 5920 m/z is identiifed as ApoC-Ⅲ. Conclusions m/z peak of 5920 protein is suggested as speciifc biomarker of GNB in children, can provide signiifcant reference for early diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma, and prognostic monitoring.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular ; complications ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Medullary Sponge Kidney ; complications ; diagnosis ; Rickets ; diagnosis

event and treat circular,respiratory and renal insufficiency.

Objective To observe the feasibility of laryngeal mask ventilation general anesthesia com- bined epidural block in laparoseopie eholecystectomy. Methods One hundred and forty eases of selective laparoscopie eholecystectomy were performed to T8～T9 gap catheterization, with 1.5 percent lidoeaine epi- dural block, block levels in the following T4. After conventional anesthesia into 4# or 5# LMA, balloon gas was injected in 20 mL～30 mL, manual ventilation, respiratory resistance and the situation thorax ups and downs were observed. Results The patients epidural catheterization smoothly, in the anesthesia plane fol- lowing T4, insert the LMA blood pressure, heart rate without significant change. Pneumoperitoneum after the rebound in blood pressure[(20.6 5.0) mm Hg], heart rate did not change significantly, and then airway pressure increased[(5.7 1.6)cm H2O] , surgery performed smoothly, and quickly regained consciousness after the surgery, when all patients admitted gallbladder, they have resumed breathing independently. Con- dusion Laryngeal Mask Airway general anesthesia combined epidural block cause mechanical damage vocal cords and airway, make the stress response light and the sense of rapid recovery, which is a safe and feasible method of anesthesia.

Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; complications ; Presbycusis ; complications

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the prior usage of essential medicines and scientifically selecting of antitumor medicines in the national and local drug reimbursement list. METHODS:Entering the Human Resources and Social Se-curity Bureau websites in 10 cities(Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Nanjing,Wuhan,Xi’an,Chengdu,Shenyang,Jinan and Gui-yang),drug reimbursement list was downloaded to statistically analyze the containing of antitumor medicines(including 24 essential medicines). RESULTS:In antitumor medicines,there were 5 cities with more than 100 varieties,of which Shanghai had 255 vari-eties,which was far more than other cities;the numbers of medicines in class A were near 30 in all the cities except Beijing(67 va-rieties),and the number of class B was highest in Shanghai and lowest in Beijing. All the drug reimbursement lists in 10 cities con-tained 24 antitumor essential medicines,however,the classification was different according to the dosage forms,among which, parts of formulations of cytarabine(injections),doxorubicin(injections),busulfan (often release oral dosage forms),fluorouracil (often release oral dosage forms,injections),cyclophosphamide(often release oral dosage forms,injections),methotrexate(often release oral dosage forms,injections)and cisplatin were classified as class A medicines in all cities;oxaliplatin(injections)and pa-clitaxel (injections) were classified as class B medicines;busulfan,fluorouracil,cyclophosphamide and methotrexate were classi-fied as class B in Shanghai only. CONCLUSIONS:There are some differences in the distribution of antitumor essential medicines in drug reimbursement list in each city,the varieties in developed cities are relatively more,and developing cities are less. It is sug-gested to consider the tumor epidemiology characteristics and economic situations,reasonably select antitumor essential medicines into drug reimbursement list and reasonably adjust the proportion of class A and B to ensure the basic medication and drugs’reim-bursement.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of severe hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (SHLP) and severe acute gallstone pancreatitis (SAGP).Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with SHLP and 91 patients with SAGP admitted from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,organ dysfunction,medical treatment,complications and outcomes in 30 d after admission were analyzed and compared between two groups of patients.Results There were 16 males and 6 females with a mean age of (60.5 ± 9.1) years in SHLP group;while 32 males and 59 females with a mean age of (54.3 ± 5.4) years in SAGP group.The blood and urine amylase levels in SHLP group were significantly lower than those in SAGP group [(715 ±99) U/L vs.(1 551 ± 107) U/L,t =4.65,P =0.00;(382 ±56) U/L vs.(773 ± 66) U/L,t =4.52,P =0.00,respectively].The incidence of circulation insufficiency,respiratory insufficiency,renal dysfunction,and long-term puhnonary infection in SHAP patients was significantly higher than that in SAGP patients [36 ％ (8/22) vs.14 ％ (13/91),x2 =5.22,P =0.01;41％ (9/22) vs.7 ％ (6/91),x2 =9.46,P =0.01;23％(51/22) vs.5％ (5/91),x2 =4.20,P=0.03;55％(12/22) vs.32％ (29/91),x2 =7.02,P =0.01].Two cases died in the SHLP group and 9 cases died in SAGP group due to critical infection,cardiac events and bleeding.Conclusion Compared to SAGP patients,the blood and urine amylase levels are usually not remarkably high in SHLP patients,and the prevention and management of multi-organ failure and lung infection are more important for SHLP patients.

25 mmHg) had no response to conservative management, and,therefore,had to be decompressed by invasive procedure,including 6 patients performed by decompression laparotomy,2 patients by laparoscopic decompression and 5 patients by ultrasound/computed tomography location and needle paracentesis drainage.These 13 ACS patients had obvious amelioration in physiological variables (hemodynamic,respiratory and tissue perfusion) after 24 hour post-decompression (P