OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive effect of emodin and astragalus polysaccharides on experimental hepato-carcinoma in rats.METHODS:The experimental rats were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,emodin group,and emodin combined with astragalus polysaccharides group.hepatocarcinogenesis in rat models were induced by di-ethylnitrosamine,while at the same time all the groups were administered with pre-set drugs by stomach irrigation.Rat's we_ ight,serum indices of ALT,ALP,?-GT,?-L-fucoxidase were determined,and pathological examination was made before and after administration.RESULTS:The group administered with emodin and astragalus polysaccharides improved more than any other groups in terms of rat's weight,serum indices,onset time of hepatocarcinogenesis,and pathological grade.CONCLU_ SION:Emodin combined with astragalus polysaccharides have certain preventive effect on experimental hepatocarcinoma in rats.

Objective To investigate the changes of brain white matter microstructures in patients with methamphetamine addiction and to analyze the correlation between the changes of brain white matter microstructures and mental symptoms. Methods Twenty-five methamphetamine addictions (MA) and twenty-five healthy controls (HC) were enrolled through community and treatment centres from 2015 to 2016. The data of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained on 3.0 T MRI scanner. All the subjects′mental symptoms were assessed by symptom check list-90 (SCL-90). The fractional anisotropy (FA) was compared by the tract based spatial statistic (TBSS). For the comparison of the value of AD, the value of RD and clinical data between two groups, the normal distribution and homogeneity test of variance were carried out first. If the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance were satisfied, the two-sample t test was used, if not, the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used. The correlation between FA, RD and AD values in white matter differential brain areas and methamphetamine dosage, time and psychosocial scale were analyzed by spearman test. Results SCL-90 scores in group MA were significantly higher than those in HC (P<0.05). Compared with HC group, FA value of right genu of corpus callosum in MA group decreased, and the value of RD value increased significantly (P<0.05). The AD value also decreased in MA group, but there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between FA value of white matter of differential brain area and hostility score in SCL-90 (r=0.450, P=0.024), and a negative correlation between RD value and hostility and paranoid scores (hostility:r=-0.590, P=0.002;paranoid:r=-0.438, P=0.028). Conclusion MA can damage the integrity of the synaptic fibers connecting the frontal lobe of the brain, which is related to multiple mental scores. It suggests that decreased white matter integrity may be one of the neurological mechanisms of mental disorders related to methamphetamine addiction.

Objective To observe the expressions of Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) and transforming growth factor bata 1 (TGF-β1) in human adenocarcinoma of lung A549 cells exposed to hyperoxia,and to explore the changes in CAV-1 and TGF-β1 expressions and the role in hyperoxic lung injury.Methods After the A549 human lung cancer cell lines were resuscitated,the cells were packaged and cultured in 50 mL/L CO2 culture chamber,when approaching to the condition of confluence in CO2 culture chamber(37 ℃,50 mL/L CO2),the cells were randomly divided into control group and hyperoxia group.Eighteen bottles of A549 cells in each group.The hyperoxia group received attacking factor that was mixed with oxygen (950 mL/L)and CO2 (50 mL/L) at a velocity of 3 L/min for 10 min;then the flasks were enclosed and cultured in culture chamber,while those in control group were still exposed to 5 mL/L CO2.After cells were cultured for 12 h,24 h,48 h,the changes in morphology were observed under the inverted microscope,the expressions CAV-1 and TGF-β1 were detected by double immunofluorescence staining technique,followed by laser scanning under the focus microscope.Results In the control group,there was high expression of CAV-1 associated with low expression of TGF-β1 (44.25 ± 3.23,10.18 ± 2.74).Compared with control group,the content of CAV-1 reduced continuously (12 h:35.25 ± 1.88,24 h:20.75 ± 1.68,48 h:9.86 ± 2.80) under prolonged hyperoxia exposure,but TGF-β1 increased gradually(12 h:17.32 ± 1.50,24 h:26.51 ± 1.82,48 h:41.94 ±4.47),and the expression of CAV-1 had highly negative relation to TGF-β1 at the same time (r =-0.91,-0.62,-0.53,-0.88,all P ＜ O.05) in the control group and the hyperoxia group in 12 h,24 h,48 h.Conclusions The reduction of CAV-1 expression can attenuate the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 and activate TGF-β1 signaling pathway,which may result in hyperoxic lung injury.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude, behavior about Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (2007) among elderly residents in 2 communities in Wenzhou City, and to exoplore the appropriate method for dietary intervention for elderly people. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in 784 people aged 50 years and above in two communities in Wenzhou from December, 2014 to January, 2015 about Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (2007) .The awareness of knowledge, attitude and behavior about nutrition were recorded, and multiple linear regressions were taken to evaluate the impression of knowledge. Results The awareness rate of knowledge was 58.28%, and the awareness about 'Which is the healthiest way to cook?' was the hot question (89.29%) while 'Which disease can be prevented by eating iodized salt?' was not (0.89%) . And 53.06% of respondents interested in nutrient knowledge, and 14.54% of them thought they had learned the knowledge about nutrition, and 39.54% of them thought knowledge had impact on health, and 76.53% of them would like to change their unhealthy dietary behavior. About 50.89% of respondents got knowledge about nutrition from TV or radio programs. Intake frequency about vegetables and fish were 88.01% and 62.63%respectively, while intake frequency about milk and milk products and beans and their products were 21.43% and 15.43%respectively. Multiple linear regression promoted that, female, a high degree of education, less number of offspring, people who had married, people whose income came from social insurance had positive impact on the awareness rate of knowledge. Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge among elderly people was low, and intake frequency about milk and milk products and beans and their products were efficient. But they would like to change their unhealthy behavior. Long-term education about nutrition should be taken for elderly people.

Objective To explore esomeprazole(EMZ)on acetaminophen(APAP)pharmacokinetics and intestinal microbial balance.Methods A total of 14 rats were randomly allocated into two groups,with 7 rats in each group:acetaminophen group(APAP group),and acetaminophen+esomeprazole combination group(APAP+EMZ group),respectively.Rats in the combination group were fed in the metabolic cage.Equivalent 3.6 mg·kg-1·d-1 esomeprazole was administered intragastrically to the combination group for 14 days;Similarly,an equal volume of 0.9％sodium chloride soution(NaCl)was fed to the APAP group for 14 days.During this period,fecal samples were collected from the rats before and after 14 days of EMZ administration for microbial 16S rRNA sequencing.On the 15th day,both the APAP group and APAP+EMZ groups were administratered an equivalent of 44.82 mg·kg-1 APAP by the same method after the regular EMZ administration.The concentrations of APAP in rat plasma were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method.Main pharmacokinetic parameters were processed and compared using the software DAS 3.0.1 and SPSS 24.0.Results The pharmacokinetic parameter Cmax of APAP was significantly different between APAP group and APAP+EMZ group(P＜0.05).Compared with APAP group,Cmax increased by 120.38％in the APAP+EMZ group.The pharmacokinetic parameters(AUC(0-∞)、CL、t 1/2、tmax)of APAP showed no statistical differences between APAP group and APAP+EMZ group(P＞0.05).The results of 16SrRNA of intestinal flora showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus,Bacteroides,Clostridium,and Escherichia decreased compared with that before drug administration,while the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased.However,the relative abundance of the above flora showed no prominent differences before and after the EMZ intervention(P＞0.05).Conclusions This study showed that when combining EMZ with APAP,the relative abundance of those related flora,which may influence the β-Glucuronidase,all changed to some extent,but made no difference in statistics.The effect of EMZ on the Cmax of APAP was statistically significant.However,the use of EMZ for two weeks did not alter the other pharmacokinetics of APAP by affecting the gut microbiota.

Objective:To quantify the diagnostic index of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori ( HP)-associated chronic atrophic gastritis (HpCAG), and to evaluate the efficacy of the quantified diagnostic index for HpCAG. Methods:The study was divided into two stages. The first stage prospectively included patients undergoing gastroscopy, endoscopic biopsy and 13C breath test from November 2021 to September 2022 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College. The capillary diameter (CD), cells spacing (CS), gland spacing (GS), and gland area (GA) in the pCLE field of offline video was measured with Image J. The diagnostic criteria of HpCAG by quantitative indicators under pCLE was established by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). In the second stage, the cases with pCLE examination and 13C breath test at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from October 2021 to October 2022 were included. The cases that overlapped with the first stage were excluded. The trial was single-blind, with endoscopists and pathologists blind to each other's diagnoses. The diagnosis of pCLE was conducted according to the criteria obtained in the first stage, and the consistency between pCLE diagnosis and the results of histopathology and 13C breath test was analyzed. Results:The first stage enrolled 191 specimens from 35 patients. According to the pathological results of endoscopic biopsy and 13C breath test results, patients and gastric mucosa samples were divided into 4 groups, HP-positive CAG group ( n=59), HP-positive non-CAG group ( n=52), HP-negative CAG group ( n=40), and HP-negative non-CAG group ( n=40). ROC curve analysis results showed that in HP-positive patients, the optimal critical value of GS to distinguish between CAG and non-CAG gastric mucosa was 29.68 μm, and the AUC was the largest among the 4 parameters. In HP-negative patients, the optimal critical value of GS for distinguishing gastric mucosa from CAG and non-CAG was 23.57 μm, and the AUC was the largest among the 4 parameters. In patients with non-CAG, the optimal critical value for GS to distinguish HP-positive and HP-negative gastric mucosa was 20.57 μm, and the AUC was the largest among the 4 parameters. In patients with CAG, the optimal critical values of CD, CS, GS and GA to distinguish between HP-positive and HP-negative gastric mucosa were 13.23 μm, 1.38 μm, 34.03 μm and 6 066.5 μm 2, respectively, and the AUC were 0.608, 0.888, 0.849 and 0.900, respectively. Finally, GS was selected to distinguish between HpCAG and non-HpCAG gastric mucosa, and the optimal critical value was 31.71 μm. However, considering that it was difficult to measure the distance of 31.71 μm by the ruler below the image, the critical value was changed to 30 μm, so GS>30 μm was used as the diagnostic criteria for HpCAG in pCLE, and the diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity were 91.5% and 76.0%, respectively. In the second phase 224 specimens from 80 patients were observed. The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and accuracy of pCLE (GS>30 μm) in the diagnosis of HpCAG were 96.5% (164/170), 88.9% (48/54), 96.5% (164/170), 88.9% (48/54) and 94.6% (212/224), respectively, with excellent diagnostic agreement with histopathology and 13C breath test (Kappa=0.854). Conclusion:The quantitative monitoring of gastric mucosal microstructure can be achieved under pCLE, and the quantifying indicators are helpful to improve the accuracy of HpCAG diagnosis.

Purpose: This study was performed to establish and validate a nomogram for predicting the overall survival in children with neuroblastoma. Methods: The latest clinical data of neuroblastoma in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was extracted from 2000 to 2016. The cases included were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The survival curves were drawn with a Kaplan-Meier estimator to investigate the influences of certain single factors on overall survival. Also, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to further select the prognostic variables for neuroblastoma. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram. Results: In total, 1,262 patients were collected and 8 independent prognostic factors were achieved, including patients’ age, sex, race, tumor grade, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor site, and tumor size. Then we constructed a nomogram by using the data of the training cohort with 886 cases. Subsequently, the nomogram was validated internally and externally with 886 and 376 cases, respectively. The internal validation revealed that the area under the curves (AUC) of ROC curves of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 0.69, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. Accordingly, the external validation also showed that the AUC of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were all ≥0.69. Both methods of validation demonstrated that the predictive calibration curves were consistent with standard curves. Conclusion The nomogram possess the potential to be a new tool in predicting the survival rate of neuroblastoma patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with fever and find out the related factors.MethodsData was collected by the same methods in the past ten years in fifteen hospitals in Jiangsu province and then the data wereretrospectively analyzed.The potentially possible risk factors of fever in SLE were selected and then analyzed by chi-square test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and Logistic regression analysis.ResultsAll 1762 patients were investigated.Seven hundred and twenty-nine had active fever.Age at hospitalization,initially treated patients,photosensitivity,serositis,nervous system involvement,generalized lymphadenopathy/hepatosplenomegaly,white blood cell count (WBC),haemoglobin (HB),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reaction protein (CRP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),albumin(ALB),serum creatinine (Scr),complement C3,anti-dsDNA antibodies positive rate,anti-Sm antibodies positive rate,SLEDAI score and past therapies were factors associatedwith SLE fever.Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal WBC count (OR=1.396,95％CI 1.114-1.711,P=0.004),CRP(OR=1.005,95％CI 1.002-1.009,P=0.002),ALT(OR=1.003,95％CI 1.001-1.005,P=0.005),Scr (OR=0.997,95％CI0.995-0.999,P=0.007),HB (OR=0.986,95％CI 0.981-0.992,P=0.000),age (OR =0.984,95％ CI 0.974-0.993,P=0.001 ) and past usage of cyclophosphamide (CTX) (OR =0.557,95％CI 0.382-0.813,P=0.002) were correlated with SLE fever.ConclusionFever is one of the most common clinical manifestations of SLE patients.Leucopenia,elevated CRP levels,liver function abnormalities,anemia,younger age are risk factors for SLE fever,while renal impairment and past usage of CTX are protective factors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated with upper digestive tract diseases following percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI).Methods A total of 262 consecutive ACS patients complicated with upper digestive tract diseases followed-up for one-year after PCI were included in this study.The patients were allocated into control group (combined use of ticagrelor and aspirin , n＝184) and cilostazol group ( combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol , n ＝78) for antiplatelet treatment.The basic characteristics of the patients , change of the treatment regimens , cardiovascular events and hemorrhagic events were compared between two groups .Results After one year of follow-up, 16.8%(31/184)patients in control group and 3.8%(3/78)in cilostazol group changed antiplatelet regimens (χ2＝8.200,P＝0.004).There was no statistical difference in use of statins and ACEI/ARB between two groups(P＞0.05).The rate of proton pump inhibitor use in control group was significantly higher than that in cilostazol group [82.1%(151/184) vs.52.6%(41/78), χ2＝24.35, P＝0.000].However, the dosage of β-blockers in cilostazol group was significantly higher than that in control group [(39.1 ±12.4) mg vs.(28.6 ±10.1) mg, t ＝7.174,P＝0.000].No statistical difference was found in total cardiovascular events between two groups [21.7%(40/184) vs.12.8%(10/78),χ2＝2.822,P＝0.121].The incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in control group was significantly increased compared with cilostazol group [12.0%(22/184) vs.2.6%(2/78),χ2＝5.807,P ＝0.018], however, there was no significant difference in hemorrhagic events concerning the thrombolysis for myocardial infarction between two groups [17.4%(32/184) vs.9.0%(7/78), χ2＝3.063,P＝0.089].Conclusion Combined use of cilostazol and ticagrelor is effective and safe for ACS patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage or a higher risk of hemorrhage .

Objective To predict the monthly reported echinococcosis cases in China with the autoregressive integrated mov-ing average(ARIMA)model,so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods SPSS 24.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA models based on the monthly reported echinococcosis cases of time series from 2007 to 2015 and 2007 to 2014,respectively,and the accuracies of the two ARIMA models were compared. Results The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2015 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,1, 0)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was-13.97%,AR(1)=0.367(t=3.816,P<0.001),SAR (1)=-0.328(t=-3.361,P=0.001),and Ljung-Box Q=14.119(df=16,P=0.590).The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2014 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was 0.56%,AR(1)=0.413(t=4.244,P<0.001),SAR(1)=0.809(t=9.584, P<0.001),SMA(1)=0.356(t=2.278,P=0.025),and Ljung-Box Q=18.924(df=15,P=0.217).Conclusions The different time series may have different ARIMA models as for the same infectious diseases.It is needed to be further verified that the more data are accumulated,the shorter time of predication is,and the smaller the average of the relative error is.The estab-lishment and prediction of an ARIMA model is a dynamic process that needs to be adjusted and optimized continuously accord-ing to the accumulated data,meantime,we should give full consideration to the intensity of the work related to infectious diseas-es reported(such as disease census and special investigation).