Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.

Objective To understand and master the situation in which enteroviros caused handfoot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) in Xuzhou district in 2009 so as to provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Methods The researchers adopted fluorescence RT-PCR method to detect EV and EV71 as well as the CAI6 specificity RNA from 222 samples of anal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs from the 240 cases who were diagnosed clinically as hand-foot-mouth disease infected by enterovirus. Also, the researchers conducted EV71-IgM antibody detection on 114 samples of acute phase serum with ELA method. Results Among the 240 enterovirus infected patients, the total EV infection rate is 72.50% ( 174/240), among which EV71 infection rate is 57. 92% ( 139/240), CoxA16 infection rate is 9. 17% (22/240), and other EV infection rate is 5.42% (13/240). The EV71-RNA positive rate of the samples of 222 anus swabs among the 240 suspected enterovirus infected patients is 45.94% ( 102/222 ),the samples of swallow swab EV71-RNA positive rate is 25.68% (57/222) and the EV71-IgM antibody positive rate of 114 samples of acute phase serum is 86. 84% (99/114). The EV71-RNA positive rate of oropharyngeal swabs of 254 healthy children is 1.57% (4/254), and no CoxA16-RNA was detected. In the oropharyngeal swabs of 54 close contacts (medical personnel), the EV-RNA detected is negative. The positive rate of EV71-lgM antibody of the 258 healthy children's serum samples is 2.71% (7/258).Conclusion The widespreading of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xuzhou district is caused mainly by type 71 enterovirus. Inapparent infection of type 71 enterovirus exists among children under the age of 3 during the time of widespreading period and IgM antibody develops in them. It is difficult for adults to be infected by EV71 even if they contact the contagion source closely. The positive rate of EV71-IgM antibody in the samples of acute phase serum of suspected cases is the highest ( 86.84% ), and the second highest is the positive rate of RNA of EV71 of anal swabs (45.94%) and of the EV71 of oropharyngeal swabs (25.68%). ELA reagent kit is used in the early diagnosis of EV71 infection for it is easy to operate, fast and economic, so, it is worth popularizing in the grass-root medical units.

Objective In order to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control,analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza outbreaks in Xuzhou area during 2005-2011.Method Using fluorescent-PCR method to detect influenza virus nucleic acid on Nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from influenza outbreak cases during 2005-2011 and fast classifying influenza virus A1 (H1N1),A3 (H3N2),new H1N1 BV (Victoria) and BY (Yamagate) on subtypes.At the same time,isolating the influenza virus with MDCK cells,and sending them to the National Influenza Center for review,after the preliminary identification of the isolated influenza virus.Results During 2005-2011,there are 53 influenza outbreaks in Xuzhou area,which caused by influenza virus subtype BV accounting for 26.42％ (14/53),A3 accounting for 49.1％ (26/53),A3 and A 1 mixture accounting for 3.77％ (2/53) and the new H1N1 accounting for 20.75％ (11/53).The outbreaks in 2007 and 2009 mainly caused by A3,and show that the winter spring (January) and summer autumn (September) as two popular peaks during 2005-2011 ; BV mainly causes the outbreaks from Feb.to Jun.Conclusion In Xuzhou area,since the winter of 2005,influenza virus subtype BV,the A3,and new H1N1 has alternately as mainly predominant strain,caused local influenza outbreaks.In which BV has increased trend year by year during 2005-2011.The students in primary and secondary schools are the major crowd of influenza outbreaks.Fluorescent-PCR detection methods could be a preferred method for reliable and rapid diagnostic of epidemic influenza outbreaks.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the facial inflammatory pain in relation to thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.

METHODSFacial inflammatory pain model was developed by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil (TO) into rat facial area. Head withdrawal thermal latency (HWTL) and head withdrawal cold latency (HWCL) were measured once a day for 21 d after TO treatment using thermal and cold measurement apparatus. The immunohistochemical staining, cell-size frequency analysis and the survey of average optical density (OD) value were used to observe the changes of TRPV1 expression in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), peripheral nerve fibers in the vibrissal pad, and central projection processes in the trigeminal sensory nuclei caudalis (Vc) on day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 after TO injection.

RESULTSHWTL and HWCL decreased significantly from day 1 to day 14 after TO injection with the lowest value on day 5 and day 3, respectively, and both recovered on day 21. The number of TRPV1-labeled neurons increased remarkably from day 1 to day 14 with a peak on day 7, and returned back to the normal level on day 21. In control rats, only small and medium-sized TG neurons were immunoreactive (IR) to TRPV1, and the TRPV1-IR terminals were abundant in both the vibrissal pad and the Vc. Within 2 weeks of inflammation, the expression of TRPV1 in small and medium-sized TG neurons increased obviously. Also the TRPV1 stained terminals and fibers appeared more frequent and denser in both the vibrissal pad skin and throughout laminae I and the outer zone of laminae II (IIo) of Vc.

CONCLUSIONFacial inflammatory pain could induce hyperalgesia to noxious heat and cold stimuli, and result in increase of the numbers of TRPV1 positive TG neurons and the peripheral and central terminals of TG. These results suggest that the phenotypic changes of TRPV1 expression in small and medium-sized TG neurons and terminals might play an important role in the development and maintenance of TO-induced inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Facial Pain ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hot Temperature ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; TRPV Cation Channels ; metabolism ; Thermosensing ; physiology ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; cytology ; metabolism ; Turpentine ; administration & dosage

Objective: To develop an oral live vaccine vector which stably carries exogenous genes.Methods:SL1344ΔsipBΔasd host-vector balanced lethal system was constructed by the method of recombinant suicide plasmid-mediated allelic exchange on the basis of attenuated Salmonella typhinurium SL1344ΔsipB.Then,the biological characteristics of SL1344ΔsipBΔasd was analyzed.Results:The results showed that the mutant was stabile with the Δasd gene in vitro;the serotype and growth rate of SL1344ΔsipBΔasd strain was almost same as the parent SL1344ΔsipB and SL1344 strain.And the mutant strains remain swim ming zones.Virulence test in mice showed that the virulence of SL1344ΔsipBΔasd which carried complementary plasmid pYA3493 by electro-transformation decreased by 1.4%compared with SL1344.Conclusion: These results showed that the SL1344ΔsipBΔasd mutant was successfully constructed.It is likely that this mutant should be used as a live vector to express foreign genes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao and provide some theoretical evidence for the scientific prevention and treatment of the disease.

METHODSWe performed a hospital-based matched case-control study in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The cases and controls were matched in age, gender, nationality and the place of residence. All the subjects were interviewed face to face in the hospital using a questionnaire, and the data analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method.

RESULTSAccording to the 258 valid questionnaires collected, the prostate cancer risk was significantly higher in the cases with a family history of cancer than in those without (OR = 2.58), and so was it in the men with the first spermatorrhea at the age of < or = 15 years than in those at the age of > or = 18 years (OR = 2.27). A decreased risk of prostate cancer was found among the men with the first experience of sexual intercourse between 25 to 30 years of age (OR = 0.76). An increased risk was shown in those with sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old (OR = 2.57), masturbations > or = 3 times per week (OR = 2.30) and a drinking history (alcohol > or = 150 g/d) of > or = 10 years (OR = 2.83).

CONCLUSIONPositive family history of cancer, earlier age of the first spermatorrhea, sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old, frequent masturbations, and heavy drinking for more than 10 years are risk factors for prostate cancer.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of early organ dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and therapeutic regimens.

METHODSA total of consecutive 74 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SAP admitted between January 2000 and June 2005 were divided into two groups, transient group (72 h, n = 54). The differences in local complications and mortality were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAmong the seventy-four SAP patients, the incidence rate of cardiovascular dysfunction was 80%, respiratory dysfunction 47%, hepatic dysfunction 37% and renal dysfunction 20%. The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in transient group was much lower than that in persistent group (P < 0.01). The local complications and death in transient group patients were less than that in persistent group (P = 0.038, P = 0.054, respectively), irrespective of onset of organ dysfunction on admission or later during the first week.

CONCLUSIONSThe important determinant of risk of death from SAP is the persistence of early organ dysfunction for more than 72 h. Consequently, aggressively ameliorating the blood perfusion and the oxygenation in tissue is the priority in reducing organ dysfunction or shortening the duration of organ dysfunction.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; physiopathology ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

The commonly used plant constitutive expression vector pBI121 was modified by insertion of two directly orientated lox sites each at one end of the selectable marker gene NPTII and by replacing the GUS gene with a sequence composed of multiple cloning sites (MCS). The resulting plant expression vector pBI121-lox-MCS is widely usable to accommodate various target genes through the MCS, and more importantly to allow the NPTII gene removed from transformed plants upon the action of the Cre recombinase. In addition, the CaMV 35S promoter located upstream of the MCS can be substituted with any other promoters to form plant vectors with expression features specified by the introduced promoters. Provided in this paper is an example that an enhanced phloem-specific promoter of the pumpkin PP2 gene (named dENP) was used to construct an NPTII-removable phloem-specific expression vector pBdENP-lox-MCS. Moreover, to facilitate screening of selectable marker-removed gene and the composite sequence is flanked by lox sites. Thus the selectable marker-free plants can be visually identified by loss of GFP fluorescence. The above newly created plant expression vectors can be used to develop selectable marker-removable transgenic plants for a variety of purposes.
Attachment Sites, Microbiological ; genetics ; Binding Sites ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; methods ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Integrases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate class I integrons and integrated gene cassettes in metalloenzyme-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

METHODSA total of 68 isolated clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected to PCR analysis with primers specific for bla(IMP-1) and bla(VIM). The positive strains then underwent examination for class I integrons and integrated gene cassettes with PCR with primers specific to class I integrase ((IntI)1) and integrated gene cassettes, followed by sequence analysis for some of the positive strains.

RESULTSOnly 1 isolated strain showed positive results for both bla(IMP-1) and bla IntI1 detection. Fifty-five strains were positive for bla(VIM), including 26 positive for bla (IntI)1. Of the 26 bla (IntI)1-positive strains, only 18 contained integrated gene cassettes, which were classified into 5 types according to agarose gel electrophoresis.

CONCLUSIONIt is the first time to identify IMP-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa carring bla(Int)1 in West China. The class I integrons were widespread in these Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 69.2% of them carry the gene cassettes. These findings provide useful insights into the clinical spread of these drug-resistant genes.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Humans ; Integrons ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudomonas Infections ; microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Species Specificity ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction in treating mice with allergic rhinitis(AR)as well as its mechanism.METHODS 48 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group, Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction group and montelukast group,with 12 mice in each group.OVA sensitized mice were established as the model with gavage for 1 week.Nasal symptom scores,weight,weight of thymus and spleen index,nasal mucosa chan-ges,serum total IgE,ova specific IgE and IL-4,IL-17,IL-33,IFN-γlevels in the thymus of mice were observed.RESULTS Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction could significantly reduce nasal symptoms of AR in mice,reduce the increased weight,thymus weight and thymus index caused by allergic reaction.Besides,it could significantly reduce serum total IgE and ova specific IgE level,and inhibit the production of thymus IL-4,IL-17,IL-33,IFN-γ.In reducing the thymus IL-33 level,Xiaofeng Xuanqiao decoction was better than western medicine montelukast group.CONCLUSION Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction has definite effects for AR in mice.The anti AR effects can be achieved by inhibiting the level of thymic cytokine.