OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC specific chromatogram of Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. and Oldenlan diadiffusa (Willd.) Roxb. in different regions so as to distinguish these two traditional Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS: HPLC was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol-water at a flow rate of 1 mL·min-1, column temperature at 30℃ and detection wavelength at 254 nm. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM was used to conduct similarity evaluation and Matlab7.0 software was used for principal component and cluster analysis. RESULTS: Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. and Oldenlan diadiffusa (Willd.) Roxb. had eight common peaks, namely, a-h; the characteristic peaks of O. corymbosa were 7 to 12, while the characteristic peaks of O. diffusa were 1 to 6. The similarity values of O. corymbosa and O. diffusa collected from different sources were 0.733-0.984 and 0.873-0.951, respectively. According to the principal components analysis and cluster analysis, the tested samples were classified into three categories: O. corymbosa collected from wild, O. diffusa collected from wild and purchased O. diffusa. CONCLUSION: The established method is reliable and rapid to distinguish the two kinds of easily confused traditional Chinese medicinal materials and also can offer reference for their quality control and clinical use.

This paper was aim to screen microorganisms with attenualed efficiency for Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A by liquid-state fermentation. Twelve Chinese medicine were detected by UPLC and aristolochic acid A was only founded in four species of Aristolochia, those were Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Aristolochiae Radix, Aistolochia Contorta Bunge and Herba Aristolochiae Mollissima,but not in the others. With the four Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A as raw material, ten microorganisms were tested, and the content of aristolochic acid A was detected by UPLC. The results showed that one microorganism can decrease content of aristolochic acid A in all those four Chinese medicine.
Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hyperoxic Ringer's solution on inhalation injury given at early postburn stage in rabbit.

METHODSSeventy-seven rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. A (normal control, n = 5, without injury), B (n = 24, with Ringer's solution infusion for 10 days after injury), C (n = 24, with hyperoxic Ringer's solution infusion for 10 days after injury) and D (n = 24, without treatment after injury) groups. The rabbits in B, C and D groups were observed on 1 post injury day (PID), 2 PID, 3 PID, 5 PID, 7 PID and 10 PID, with 4 in each time points. The vital signs and survival rate were observed and the blood gas analysis, the WBC and PMN in the peripheral blood, ratio of wet/dry weight (W/D) of the lung tissue, the MDA, SOD contents in the pulmonary tissue, and the pulmonary pathomorphology were determined by corresponding methods.

RESULTSThe respiratory rate of the rabbits increased postburn, which was accompanied with gasping breath, flapping of nasal alae, frequent cough, and increased buccal and nasal secretion. Dry and wet rales were heard in the lungs after injury. The survival rate in D, B and C groups was 13.3%, 27.8% and 65.6%, respectively. Metabolic acidosis was identified in these groups by blood gas analysis. The indices of PaCO2, WBC, PMN, W/D, MDA in B, C and D groups were higher than those in A group in the order of D > B > C > A groups. While the pH, PaO2 value and SOD content in D group were lower than those in A group in the order of D < B < C < A groups (P < 0.05). Pathomorphological examination revealed that pulmonary volume increased after the injury with microscopic inflammatory changes in pulmonary tissue in B, C and D groups. While the extent and degree of injury in C group after the treatment of hyperoxic Ringer's solution were evidently less severe than those in other groups.

CONCLUSIONEarly administration of hyperoxic Ringer's solution during the early postburn stage could be beneficial to the management of inhalation injury.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Burns, Inhalation ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluid Therapy ; Isotonic Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of tumor size on the prognosis of patients with T3 gastric cancer.

METHODSD2 curative resection was performed on 408 patients with T3 gastric cancer. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the optimal cut-off of tumor size. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic factors stratified by tumor size.

RESULTSAmong 408 patients with T3 gastric cancer, Cox proportional hazards model showed that 8 cm was the optimal cut-off of tumor size. There were 85 patients with tumor size ≥8 cm(large size group), and 323 patients with tumor size <8 cm(small size group). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower for patients with small size tumor(33.8% vs. 52.2%, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards model showed that lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and Borrmann type were independent prognostic factors for the entire cohort. Borrmann type IIII( and N2-3 nodal metastasis were independent prognostic factors for the large size group. Lymph node metastasis was independent prognostic factor for the small size group.

CONCLUSIONSTumor size is an independent prognostic factor in patients with T3 gastric cancer. Lymph node metastasis is a significant predictor for the prognosis regardless of tumor size. Furthermore, Borrmann classification is associated with the prognosis in patients with tumor size ≥8 cm.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

METHODSCultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group, H/R group, GLP-1 + H/R group, GLP-1 + H/R + UO126 group, GLP-1 + H/R + LY294002 group, H/R + UO126 group, H/R + LY294002 group. LDH activity, apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes, Caspase-3 activity were detected.

RESULTSCompared with normal control group, the activity of LDH, cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate, Caspase-3 activity were all significantly increased in H/R group (all P < 0.01). However, compared with H/R group, these changes were significantly attenuated in GLP-1 + H/R group [the activity of LDH (128.47 +/- 7.96) U/L vs. (223.96 +/- 22.10) U/L, P < 0.01, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate (2.84 +/- 2.56)% vs. (12.58 +/- 6.69)%, P < 0.01, and Caspase-3 activity (36,809 +/- 4750) RLU vs. (57,602 +/- 9161) RLU, P < 0.01], while LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and UO126 (MAPK inhibitor) could block the effects of GLP-1 in cardiomyocytes underwent H/R injury.

CONCLUSIONSGLP-1 could protect H/R injury mainly by inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis via activating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathway.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucagon ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in proliferative and mature hypertrophic scars.

METHODSTotal RNA from 8 normal skin samples and from 16 human hypertrophic scar samples of different maturing stage was respectively extracted, and then mRNA was isolated. The gene expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in these samples were examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe gray scale ratio of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 transcription in normal skin were (3.8 +/- 0.7)%, (5.8 +/-4.4)%, (30.3 +/- 3.0)%, respectively, which were obviously higher than those in proliferative hypertrophic scar [(14 +/- 5)%, (18 +/- 5)%, (38 +/- 4)%, P < 0.05]. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in mature hypotrophic scar returned to normal level, but that of TIMP-1 remained high when compared with that of normal level (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe increase in MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression might be involved in the formation of hypertrophic scars, while the lowering of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression might be associated with the maturation of hypertrophic scars.

Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To compare the effect,safety and tolerance of carvedilol and metoprolol on children with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Children with DCM from Sep.2006 to Nov.2011 in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University were randomly divided into carvedilol group [(24 cases,14 doys,10 girls; (3.05 ± 3.27) years old] and metoprolol group [(24 cases,13 boys,11 girls,(3.15 ± 2.42) years old].After controlling heart failure,the patients began to take oral carvedilol starting from 0.1 mg/(kg · d) or metoprolol starting from 0.5 mg/(kg · d).The 2 groups increased dose every 2 weeks.The largest dose was respectively 0.8 mg/(kg · d) or 2.0 mg/(kg · d),then maintaining the treatment for about 12 months.Cardiothoracic ratio,left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular shortening fraction(LVFS),left ventricular mass (LVmass),drug safety and tolerance of 2 groups after treatment were evaluated.Results Cardiothoracic ratio,LVEDV,LVESV,LVmass significantly decreased but LVEF,LVFS significantly increased after treatment in comparison with before treatment in carvedilol group and metoprolol group(all P ＜ 0.05).Heart size and function were of no significant differences between carvedilol group and metoprolol group before treatment and after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).The tolerated dose and safety of drug was slightly higher in carvedilol group compared with metoprolol group,but they did not have statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Both carvedilol and metoprolol can reverse left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function of children with DCM.Carvedilol and metoprolol have higher safety and better tolerance.Safety and tolerance of carvedilol may be better,and thus has better application prospect.

Objective:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) cell lines were established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) who carried Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A3 ( ABCA3) compound heterozygous mutations. Methods:Cell experimental research.Peripheral venous blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. PBMCs were transfected with non-integrated Sendai vector carrying reprogramming factors.The chromosome karyotypes of the established iPSCs were analyzed.Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect pluripotency markers of stem cells and verify their differentiation potential.Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze gene mutations.In addition, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was performed, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to detect virus residual. Results:Karyotype analysis of established iPSCs cell lines showed normal diploid 46, XY karyotype.Immunofluorescence showed positive staining of stem cell pluripotency markers OCT4, SSEA4, Nanog and Sox2.Flow cytometry was used to detected stem cell pluripotency markers and showed expression of TRA-1-60, SSEA-4 and OCT4.After differentiation into all three germ layers, immunofluorescence was performed to detect ectoderm (Pax-6), mesoderm (Brachyury) and endoderm alpha-fetoprotein markers, and the results showed positive staining, which confirmed that the iPSCs had the potential to differentiate.Sanger sequencing showed c. 3997_3998del and c. 3137C>T compound heterozygous mutations.STR analysis showed they originate from PBMCs, and no Sendai virus residual was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.Conclusions:In this study, PBMCs from patient carrying ABCA3 compound heterozygous mutations was used to establish iPSCs cell lines.The research lays a foundation for the study of pathogenesis, therapeutic drug screening and cell therapy of NRDS caused by ABCA3 gene mutations.

To establish the fingerprints of Xiasangju granules (with sugar and non-sugar forms) by HPLC, and provide reference for their identification and effective quality control. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to collect the fingerprints of 20 batches of non-sugar Xiasangju granules and 34 batches of sugar type Xiasangju granules. Their main different components were classified and screened by mode identification methods (principal component analysis, PCA, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis, OPLS-DA). The principal components were identified by comparing with reference standards. The fingerprints of Xiasangju granules (sugar type and non-sugar type) were established. PCA could not fully classify the two types of granules, while OPLS-DA could obviously classify these two different types of Xiasangju granules. Six components showed greatest difference between two types of granules, including salviaflaside, luteoloside and linarin. The developed mode identification method is helpful to control the overall quality of Xiasangju granules, and it provides an effective approach to quality evaluation.