OBJECTIVE Approach the cause of esophageal perforation and the analysis of diagnosis, therapy and its outcome in this disease. METHODS We retrospectively review 11 patients of esophageal perforation between1997 and 2004 in our department. There were 9 cases were taken out foreign bodies from their esophageal, another 2 cases haven't been found any foreignbodies and 1 of 2 was caused by iatrogenic reasons. Perforation occurred in the cervical esophagus was 4, and in the thoracic esophagus was 7. Their symptoms were dysphagia or pain, retrosternal-pain, dyspnea, subcutaneous emphysema, fever, hematemesis or melena. RESULTS 7/11 cases visited the clinic during 24 hours after foreign-body occured, 4/11 cases visited after 24 hours and the last visited clinic on 27th day late. Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom specially with pain in eating, noted in 9 cases (81.8 %); retrosternal-pain and fever were noted in 8 cases (72.7 %), subcutaneous emphysema in 5 (45.5 %), dyspnea in 2 (18.2 %), hematemesis and melena.in 1 (9.1 %). 5 cases were died and the common mortality was 45.45 % (5/11). The mortality in primary repair with surgery treatment was 66.7 % (2/3); the mortality in conservative management was 37.5 % (3/8). The mortality of the perforation in cervical esophagus was 25 % (1/4), in thoracic esophagus was 57.14 % (4/7). The mortality of the visit time in 24 hours was 28.57 % (2/7),and out of 24 hour was 75% (3/4). CONCLUSION Sophageal perforation is usually caused by foreign body or iatrogenic in ENT-Head&Neck surgery. The esophageal perforation will been cured that decided in early visiting, taking away of foreign-boby, the right choice of antibiotic, nutritional support, primary healthy statement of esophagus. We regard that should perform non-operational conservative therapy in the patients who resulted in esophageal perforation except abscess or remain causing by foreign body. And the high risks in mortality of the repairing in surgery should been noticed.

The diabetes is mainly treated by the oral administration of western medicines at present. Despite their rapid curative effect, there have been still many reports for the western medicines about their clinical adverse reactions, failure of effective prevention and treatment of complications and drug resistance. Hence, they are not suitable for long-term administration. Traditional Chinese medicines have a long history in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) , which is commonly known as Xiaokezheng in the theory of traditional Chinese medicines. In recent years, many scholars have taken extracts from traditional Chinese medicines or separated active constituents as the study objects in the expectation of developing new-type drugs for treating and preventing diabetes. Therefore, a large number of study reports have been emerged in this field. Due to their significant glucose-reducing effect and specific effect in treating complications of diabetes, traditional Chinese medicine Gardeniae Fructus and its iridoid component geniposide shall be given full attention. This paper summarized the advance in studies on the curative effect and action mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide in preventing and treating diabetes.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), a kind of new solid tablet that rapidly disintegrates to work in the mouth, has became the hot form of new drug research in recent years with many advantages, such as the convenient taking, a widely applicable people, fast acting, high bioavailability, good compliance, and so on. ODT has been widely used in chemical medicines, while the application of it in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still in the stage of development The development of TCMs ODT provides a new direction for the research of Chinese medicine new dosage, accelerates the pace of connecting to the world and modernization of Chinese medicine. This dosage has a broad market prospect, and its quality control and assessment standards, taste, the disintegration time in vitro and evaluation method are the key factors that affect the industrialization, standardization of Chinese medicine ODT. Therefore, this paper reviewed the characteristics, preparation, taste masking technology and quality evaluation with new technology of ODT. Meantime, numerous application examples of ODT used in traditional Chinese medicine were described. We expect to provide the reference and utilization for the development of traditional Chinese medicine orally disinteeratine tablets.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Taste

The secondary development of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is an important content of TCM modernization process, as well as an important path for developing new TCM drugs. Under the guidance of the system theory, in response to the lack of the overall guideline and practical methods for the secondary development of TCMs at present, we introduced the overall thought of the secondary development of major TCM varieties, as well as the roles and contents of clinical research, pharmacology and pharmaceutics in the process of the secondary development of major TCM varieties, so as to provide systematic strategies and methods for the development of major TCM varieties.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacology

The secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties is one of important links during the modernization, scientification and standardization of traditional Chinese medicines. How to accurately and effectively identify the pharmacodynamic material basis of original formulae becomes the primary problem in the secondary development, as well as the bottleneck in the modernization development of traditional Chinese medicines. On the basis of the existing experimental methods, and according to the study thought that the multi-component and complex effects of traditional Chinese medicine components need to combine multi-disciplinary methods and technologies, we propose the study thought of the material basis of secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties based on the combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments. It is believed that studies on material basis needs three links, namely identification, screening and verification, and in vivo and in vitro study method corresponding to each link is mutually complemented and verified. Finally, the accurate and reliable material basis is selected. This thought provides reference for the secondary development of major traditional Chinese medicine varieties and studies on compound material basis.
Absorption ; Animals ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

AIM: To investigate effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. METHODS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with model 6280 physiology intelligentialize grapher, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) concentrations in plasma were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or following LPS ,ANP was injected into vein in rats. After experiment,lung water as well as pulmonary histopathological changes was measured and observed, respectively. RESULTS: Administration of LPS elicited a persistence decrease in MAP (8.1 kPa?2.6 kPa,at 4 h,P0.05); The histopathological of lung displayed markedly improved. CONCLUSION: ANP attenuates ALI induced by LPS in the rat. The effect of ANP may be via decreasing secretion of ET,NO and regulation arterial blood pressure. [

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of MDR1 (P-gp) and ABCG2 on the drug resistance in Hep 2 cells. METHOD: Flow cytometry was used to detect the variations of the antitumor drugs accumulation and discharging, and activity variations when MDR1 and ABCG2 inhibitors were used in Hep-2. RESULT: The accumulation and discharging of mitoxantrone was significantly higher than the control group when ABCG2 inhibitor FTC was used in Hep-2 (P<0. 05). In contrast, P-gp did not appear similar case; To the mitoxantrone and cisplatin, there was no statistical correlation about activity of Hep-2 between P-gp or ABCG2 antagonist and the control; To the doxorubicin, combining FTC and P-gp, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than the control and difference was significant (P<. 05), In contrast, FTC and P-gp did not appear similar case when used alone; To the 5-FU, when PGP used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant (P<0. 05), In con- trast, FTC and FTC+P-gp did not appear similar case; To the paclitaxel, when P-gp or FTC+P-gp used, the activity of Hep-2 was higher than that in the control and difference was significant(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION ABCG2 may lead to drug resistance mainly by changing the ability of cell in accumulating and discharging chemotherapy drugs. P-gp has other way. P-gp and ABCG2 play different roles in different drug resistance.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; metabolism ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangiopericytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder ; metabolism ; pathology

The purpose of the secondary exploitation of Chinese medicine is to improve the quality of Chinese medicine products, enhance core competitiveness, for better use in clinical practice, and more effectively solve the patient suffering. Herbs, extraction, separation, refreshing, preparation and quality control are all involved in the industry promotion of Chinese medicine secondary exploitation of industrial production. The Chinese medicine quality improvement and industry promotion could be realized with the whole process of process optimization, quality control, overall processes improvement. Based on the "component structure theory", "multi-dimensional structure & process dynamic quality control system" and systematic and holistic character of Chinese medicine, impacts of whole process were discussed. Technology systems of Chinese medicine industry promotion was built to provide theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficacy of the secondary development of traditional Chinese medicine products.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; standards ; China ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control