Biomedical Research ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Research Design

Epidural analgesia is the most effective form of pain relief available to labouring women.In this review,the author highlights the latest progress in the researches on the mechanism of epidural analgesia for labour,the choice of administration mode,the choice of local anaesthetics and opioids,and the impact of epidural analgesia on the parturient and fetus.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic

Objective: To extract the syndrome elements of CHD angina pectoris with entropy-based complex system partition method and to analyze the distribution of the syndrome elements, in an effort to study the pathogenetic characteristics of CHD angina pectoris. Methods: The clinical data of 403 patients with CHD angina pectoris were collected by clinical epidemiological survey. Entropy-based Complex System Partition was used to extract the syndrome elements, contribution degree of symptoms to syndrome and diagnostic threshold. The combination rule of the syndrome elements was also analyzed. Results: CHD angina pectoris had the following basic syndromes: Qi Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, Phlegm Turbid syndrome, Phlegm-fire syndrome, Stagnation-fire syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome and Yang Deficiency syndrome. With the increase of syndrome elements, the frequencies of Qi Deficiency syndrome, Yin Deficiency syndrome, Qi Stagnation syndrome, Blood Stasis syndrome, and Phlegm turbid syndrome also increased. Qi Deficiency syndrome and Blood Stasis syndrome were the two syndrome elements seen most frequently. Conclusions: The syndrome elements extracted by entropy-based complex system partition method and their distribution rule can reflect the pathogenic characteristics of angina pectoris, which lays a base of quantify the diagnostic criteria of the angina pectoris syndrome.

Objective: To study the correlations between galectin-3, soluble ST2 (sST2) levels and chronic heart failure (CHF) classiifcation, traditional HF indicator and short-term death in relevant patients. Methods: This research included 2 groups: CHF group, containing 142 relevant patients treated in our hospital from 2014-02 to 2015-10 and Control group, containing 85 normal subjects from physical examination at the same period of time. Based on NYHA criterion, the patients were classiifed in NYHA grade II, III and IV respectively. Blood levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and ultrasonic morphology were examined upon admission; protein expressions of galectin-3 and sST2 were assessed by ELISA. Results: The patients with NYHA grade III and IV had increased levels of galectin-3 and soluble sST2; galectin-3, sST2 were positively related to NT-ProBNP, hs-CRP and LVEDD, while negatively related to LVEF. Logistic regression analysis indicated that galectin-3 and sST2 were related to short-term death in CHF patients,P<0.05. Area under ROC curve of galectin-3 and sST2 for diagnosing CHF were 0.738 and 0.771,P<0.01. Conclusion: Galectin-3 and sST2 levels were related to traditional HF indicator and could be used for CHF diagnosis in relevant patients.

Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ; Endocannabinoids ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; metabolism

Objective: A novel method for the analysis of alkaloids in Nelumbo nucifera leaves was established by SPE-RRLC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods: The crude sample was extracted by 1% HCl with ultrasound-assisted extraction, then purified by SPE column, and eluted with ammonia-methanol (5:95). After concentration, the residue was dissolved by methanol solution. The real sample was analyzed by RRLC-Q-TOF. A Welch Materials C18 column was applied in the RRLC separation using acetonitrile and water as mobile phase. The elutes were detected by Q-TOF to obtain the MS spectra with extract molecular weights under positive ion mode. Results: Nine alkaloids were identified. Conclusion: This method can be used to rapidly determine the alkaloids of N. nucifera leaves.

Objective: A novel method for the separation of alkaloids from Nelumbinis Folium by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (pH-ZRCCC). Methods: The two-phase solvent system composed of MtBE-methanol-water (4:1:5), 10 mmol/L triethylamine (TEA) in organic stationary phase and 5 mmol/L HCl in aqueous mobile phase. The upper phase was used as the stationary phase, while the lower phase was used as the mobile phase. In one-step elution under the conditions of a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, 800 r/min and the effluent was detected at 254 nm. Results: From 2.18 g of the crude extract, 110 mg N-nornuciferin, 420 mg O-nornuciferin, 310 mg nuciferine, and 190 mg roemerine were obtained and each with a purity of over 98% as determined by HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by HPLC, MS, and 1H-NMR. Conclusion: The present pH-ZRCCC method may be applied to the purification of other various alkaloids from natural products.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in plateau region.Methods Sixty patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in plateau region,weighing 45-75 kg,aged 30-55 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective partial hepatectomy,were divided into control group (C group) and ulinastatin group (U group) using a random number table,with 30 patients in each group.Ulinastatin 12 000 U/kg (in 100 ml of normal saline) was infused intravenously at 20 min before occlusion of hepatic portal in group U,and normal saline 100 ml was given instead in group C.Before operation,at 10 min after occlusion of hepatic portal,at 20 min and 1 h after unclamping hepatic portal and at 12 h after operation,blood samples were collected from the right internal jugular vein for determination of the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde.Results Compared with group C,the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased at 20 min and 1 h after unclamping hepatic portal and 12 h after operation in group U (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in plateau region.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of trichostatin-A (TSA) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal pathway.Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups:shamoperated group,ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and TSA group.Rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) was established using a modified filament method.No occlusion was applicated to the sham-operated group.TSA group was injected with TSA 0.05 mg/kg via penile vein,20 minutes before operation.Reperfusion was carried out 24 hours after modeling.Longa 5 score was used to assess the neurological function,and TTC staining was applied to calculate the percentage of cerebral infarction area,The expression of JAK2 and p-JAK2 proteins was detected by Elisa.Results The low expression of JAK2 was observed in each group,and there was no statistical difference between groups (P =0.266).Compared with I/R group,TSA group had lower score in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury assessment (P=0.019),smaller area of cerebral infarction (P ＜0.01),reduced expression of p-JAK2 (P =0.009),all of which were of significant difference.Condusions TSA can reduce the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via JAK/STAT signal pathway by down regulating p-JAK2 expression.