Objective: To observe the expression of CD133 in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to investigate the related drug resistance. Methods: Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical method were used to examine the expression of CD133 in metastatic RCC cell line RCC05-TXJ, low metastatic RCC cell line RCC05-ZYJ and two clinical non-metastatic RCC primary cultures isolated from a male and a female patient. The four cell lines were treated with IFN-α and 5-FU and the viability of cells were examined by MTT assay before and after treatment. Results: Flow cytometry showed that RCC05-TXJ and RCC05-ZYJ expressed CD133. The in situ carcinomas of male and female patients hardly expressed CD133. Immunohistochemistry examination showed that the local membrane of RCC05-TXJ and RCC05-ZYJ cells expressed CD133. RCC cells of female and male patients hardly expressed CD133. RCC05-TXJ and RCC05-ZYJ cells exposed to IFN-α or 5-FU showed a rebound of survival 24 h after withdrawal of drugs. The survival rates of RCC cells of male and female patients kept at a low level after withdrawal of drugs. Conclusion: There are a small number of CD133+ RCC cells in RCC patients, with a property similar to tumor stem cells, which might be one of the important factors influencing the immunotherapy and chemotherapy of tumors.

Objective: To establish clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines from clinical ccRCC specimens of Han nationality in China and to characterize the biological features. Methods: From 2005 to 2007, fresh surgical samples of ccRCC were obtained from 43 patients; the samples included primary tumor in situ, osseous metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and cancerous embolus. The samples were cultured in vitro using explant-culture method within 30-60 min after surgery. Analysis on cell growth and colony-forming efficiency was recorded for the lines which were passaged for over 50 generations. Chromosome examination, pathological examination and tumorigenesis in NOD-SCID mice were used to determine their malignancy. Flow cytometry was used to determine expression of CA9 and CD133. Results: Most of the primary cells could only be passaged for less than 5 generations; 5 lines could be serially passaged for over 5 passages, 3 lines for over 10 passages, and only 2 lines could be stably passaged. One line,named RCC05-TXJ, was from osseous metastatic ccRCC and had been serially passaged for 110 generations in 21 months; the average doubling time was 19.2 h,average chromosome number was 75,and colony forming efficiency was 41%. Another line,named RCC05-ZYJ,was from primary ccRCC specimen and had been serially passaged for 160 generations in 18 months; the average doubling time was 16.5 h,average chromosome number was 55,and the colony forming efficiency was 37%. Immunohistological analysis demonstrated that both lines expressed CA9 and CD133. Flow cytometry analysis found that expression levels of CA9 and CD133 increased with the passages. Both RCC05-ZYJ and RCC05-TXJ lines were able to form tumor and to metastasize in NOD-SCID mice; however, their metastatic ability was obviously different. Conclusion: We have established 2 ccRCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials from the clinical ccRCC specimens of Han nationality in China. The ratio of tumor stem cells increases with the passages.

?Boston Type l keratoprosthesis is currently widely used. ln this article, the indication, number of cases, best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , retention, and complications in all the international published case reports will be sum up; then the main post-operative complications and their respective treatments one by one, which include retrospective membrane, glaucoma, infection will be introduced.

Objective To study the characteristics of invasive catheter infection in neurosurgery intensive care unit (NICU) to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of the infections.Method A retrospective analysis was done into the clinical data of 563 patients with indwelling catheter from January 2011 to December 2012 in our department.Results Among 563 cases undergoing invasive catheteration,there were 106 cases of catheter-associated infections with an incidence of 18.8%. The urinary catheter-associated infection was 24.5% and epidural drainage catheter-associated infection was 16.9%.Conclusion The enhanced consciousness of critical catheter infections,abiding by principles for aseptic operation and strengthened nursing to catheters or tubes are critical for reducing the incidence of invasive catheter-associated infections and ensuring the safety patients.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)on angiogenesis of rat with acute myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol(Iso). Methods A total of 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, GM-CSF pretreatment group (GM-CSF group), and lso injury group, 20 rats in each group. GM-CSF group was administered recombinant human(rh)GM-CSF(5.0 μg/kg), through tail intravenous injection once a day for three days. Then the GM-CSF group and the Iso injury group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of lso( 15.0 mg/kg) once a day for three days. The same dose of saline was administered in the same way to the control rats. Ten days after injection, pathological changes of myocardial damage and infarct area were examined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of polypeptide antigen (CD34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR/flk- 1 were measured by RT-PCR. Results The difference of myocardial necrosis area between groups was statistically significant(F=10.07, P < 0.01), in which GM-CSF group[(37.37 ± 12.98)%] was significantly less than Iso injury group[(45.51 ±14.96)%, P < 0.05]. The difference of myocardial neovascularization density index of rats between groups was statistically significant ( F = 25.54, P < 0.05 ), in which GM-CSF group [(3980.05 ± 477.22) No/mm2] was significantly higher than Iso injury group((2605.93±361.49)No/mm2,P<0.01).The differences of myocardial CD34,VEGF,KDR/flk-1 mRNA expression between groups were statistically significant(F=17.83,4.29,4.10,all P<0.01).Compared to Iso mjury group[CD34(23.85±6.06),VEGF(31.80±8.05),KDR/flk-1(30.16±8.01)]were higher in the GM-CSF group[CD34(44.04±10.13),VEGF(49A±11.59),and KDR/flk-1(46A9±7.90),all P<0.01].The expressions of myocardiM VEGF mRNA and its receptor KDR/flk-1 mRNA was positively correlated(r=0.725,R2=0.526,P<0.01).Conclusions GM-CSF prelreatmcnt increases the density ofnew blood vessels in myocardium,and reduces the Iso-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Objective To explore the value of 3‐dimensional volumetric diagnosis system in quantitative measurement of pulmona‐ry lobar volumetry using a 64 row MDCT .Methods Seventy‐seven adult volunteers were scanned twice on a 64 row MDCT at the end of the maximum inspiratory and maximum expiratory end respectively .On a volumetric computer‐aided diagnosis system ,the en‐tire lung was semiautomatically separated into 5 anatomy lobes including the right upper lobe ,right middle lobe ,right lower lobe ,left upper lobe ,and left lower lobe .Each lobar volume was measured .Results The lung volume of left upper lobe ,right lower lobe ,left lower lobe ,right upper lobe ,right middle lobe in male volunteers were 1 303 .90 mL and 938 .31 mL ,1 276 .90 mL and 737 .69 mL , 1 204 .47 mL and 678 .67 mL ,1 048 .49 mL and 754 .83 mL ,519 .53 mL and 407 .86 mL at the end of the inspiratory and expiratory respectively .The lung volume of left upper lobe ,right lower lobe ,left lower lobe ,right upper lobe ,right middle lobe in female volun‐teers were 915 .78 mL and 666 .23 mL ,913 .87 mL and 576 .62 mL ,822 .17 mL and 509 .30 mL ,734 .20 mL and 530 .23 mL ,389 .13 mL and 316 .70 mL at the end of the inspiratory and expiratory respectively .The values of each lobe volume between the full inspiration phase and expiration phase group showed significant difference the same sex group (P<0 .05) .The values of each lobe volume in the man group were significantly larger than those of female group in both respiratory phase (P<0 .05) .Of the D‐value in the each lobe volume in 5 anatomy lobe at full inspiration phase and expiration phase in both sex group ,both of the lower lobes were the largest , followed by the left upper lobe ,right upper lobe and right middle lobe .The D‐value in the each lobe volume at full inspiration phase and expiration phase in the man group were significantly larger than those of female group .Conclusion Three‐dimensional volumet‐ric diagnosis system and 64 row MDCT images can be used to assess the volume of each lung lobe .

Objective To observe the effects of vitamin E(VE) on the changes of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and free radicals in ischemic-reperfused myocardium(MIR) of diabetic rats Method The diabetic rat model was established by i.p.streptozotocin injection.Four weeks later,MIR models were established,and 30 rats were divided into three groups with each group 10 rats(sham group,MIR group and VE group).The ICAM-1 protein expressions were evaluated by immunocytochemistry.The contents of malonialdehyde(MDA) in serum and myocardial tissues were detected.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in serum and myocardial tissues were measured.The activities of Na+,K+-ATPase,Mg++-ATPase,Ca++-ATPase in myocardial mitochondria were measured.Results Compared with sham group,the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase,Mg++-ATPase,Ca++-ATPase in myocardial mitochondria were decreased,the contents of MDA in serum and myocardium increased,the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and myocardium decreased,and the levels of ICAM-1 in myocardium increased significantly in MIR group.Compared with MIR group,the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase,Mg++-ATPase in myocardial mitochondria were increased,the levels of MDA in serum andmyocardium decreased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and myocardium increased,and the levels of ICAM-1 in myocardium decreased significantly in VE group.Conclusion VE could relieve myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury and the damage of lipid peroxidation and free radical induced by MIR in diabetic rats,and this effect was mediated by reduction of the expression of ICAM-1 protein.

The literature was analyzed on the improvement of motor sensory function, urination and defecation in myelitis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and focused on the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment. The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for myelitis was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed. The analysis included the characteristics of acupoint selection, methods of acupuncture and moxibustion, time of treatment, total treatment period, efficacy, follow-up, safety, etc. Totally, 26 articles were collected. The combined therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion was predominated (12/26, 46. 15%). For the motor and sensory impairment, the acupoints were mainly selected from the four limbs, the yangming meridians of hand and foot and those adjacent to the affected spinal segments and on the governor vessel as well as Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. For urinary impairment, the acupoints were selected mainly from the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the lumbosacral region on the bladder meridian. For the intestinal impairment, the acupoints were from the lower limb on the stomach meridian, the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the back points on the bladder meridian. The intervention started commonly in the first 3 months after onset. The total treatment period was in the range from 1 to 3 months. The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion was 69.19% to 82.56% for the improvement of motor sensory and urination, defecation function. The efficacy in follow-up was stable and the adverse reactions were not reported. It is viewed that on the basis of early diagnosis and active medication, acupuncture and moxibution achieve a certain of efficacy on the impairment of motor sensory function, urination and defecation. A clinical research is expected to further verify the efficacy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Defecation ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Moxibustion ; Myelitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urination