In order to affirm the cardioactive components in Fuzi, we identified a group of aminoalcohol- diterpenoid alkaloids in Fuzi using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method. Among a total of forty-one isolated ingredients, thirteen major aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids were identified by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of the reference substances. Moreover, Fuzi samples from different places of origin and with different processing methods were examined and their components displayed a pattern of high similarity, though the relative abundance varies probably due to their different processing methods. Furthermore, the cardiac effect of each identified alkaloid was individually evaluated using the isolated bullfrog heart perfusion experiment. Among the thirteen aminoalcohol diterpenoid alkaloids tested, six of them significantly enhanced the amplitude rates. Taken together, we affirm that the cardioactive components in Fuzi are aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids, shedding light on future studies of the mechanisms and development of these cardioactive compounds.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Amino Alcohols ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Heart ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Rana catesbeiana ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To explore the sensitivity and accuracy of directly sequenced core and non-structrural protein (NS)5B regions for hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotyping.Methods Fifty-one serum samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were collected in the study.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify core and NS5B regions.Genotypes or subtypes were determined by the phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core and NS5B regions.Results Among the 51 samples,49 (96.1 %)were successfully typed by phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core region.There were overall five genotypes determined in the area,including 1b (61 .2%,30/49 ),2a (20.4%,10/49 ),2b (2.0%,1/49),3a (4.1 %,2/49 )and 6a (12.2%,6/49 ).The positive rate of HCV genotying was 88.2% (45/51 )on the basis of NS5B region.HCV genotypes 1b,2a,2b,3a and 6a were found in 62.2% (28/45),20.0% (9/45 ),2.2% (1/45 ),4.4% (2/45 )and 11 .1 % (5/45 )of the patients, respectively.Conclusion The HCV genotyping based on core regions,compared with that based on NS5B,shows the advantages of primer design,amplification efficiency and accuracy,suggesting that it has the priority to be used in the epidemiological and clinical study of HCV genotyping.

Objective To evaluate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of both twin and singleton pregnancies, which delivered in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. The twin pregnancies were divided into two groups:those with (GDM-T, n=51) and without GDM (non-GDM-T, n=130), which were matched by maternal age and delivery time (within one month) in a ratio of 1∶2 among singleton pregnancies with (GDM-S, n=102) and without GDM (non-GDM-S, n=102), respectively. The differences of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among these four groups were examined. The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes was completed using Delphi method. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, rank test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results (1) When compared to GDM-S and non-GDM-S group respectively, less women conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, higher proportion of women underwent and gestational age at delivery tend to be earlier in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (all P<0.01). In oral glucose tolerance test,the fasting blood glucose level of GDM-T group was higher than the other three groups (F=21.716, P<0.01), the glucose levels at 1 and 2 h were higher than non-GDM-T and non-GDM-s respectively (both P<0.01), but no significant difference was found when compared with GDM-S group (P>0.01). Similarly, no significant difference was found in prenatal glycosylated hemoglobin value between GDM-T and GDM-S group (P>0.01). (2) There was no significant difference in the incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, asphyxia neonatorum, small for gestational age, hypoglycemia of newborn, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn and perinatal death between GDM-T group and the other three groups(all P>0.01). Higher incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage were shown in the GDM-T group than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S groups, respectively (both P<0.01). The incidences of preterm birth in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group were both higher than that in GDM-S and non-GDM-S, respectively [54.9%(66/102), 53.8%(140/260), 5.0%(10/102) and 3.0%(6/102), all P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (P>0.01). (3) The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes did not show any difference between GDM-T group and the other three groups (χ2=6.707, P>0.01). However, the score for fetal outcomes in the GDM-T group was higher than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S group, but lower than in non-GDM-T group [M(Q)=1.0(2.3), 0.0(3.0), 0.0(0.0), 1.0(2.8) score, χ2=122.818, P<0.01]. Conclusions GDM does not increase the risk of adverse pregnant outcomes in twin pregnancies.

Objective To explore the relationship between free fatty acid(FFA)composition and other glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS)in community. Methods Serum FFA profile was measured with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in 158 patients with varied metabolic syndrome components(MSC),including 61 with MS and 97 at high-risk for MS,and 43 control subjects,with diagnostic criteria by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Results Patients with MS had higher parameters of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)and n6PUFA,as compared to the patients at high risk and normal subjects(P0.05). Among the high-risk group,those with diabetes had increased linoleic acid,n6PUFA and total fatty acid (TFA),and decreased saturated fatty acid(SFA)/TFA,as compared to those without diabetes(P

In order to determine the involvement of CALM-AF10 fusion transcripted in primary leukaemias with t(10;11) and its chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro, the AF10-CALM fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the chemotherapy sensitivity testing in vitro was undergone by MTT assay in five t(10;11) leukemia samples from patients with ALL, AML and lymphoblastic lymphoma. The results showed that five different-sized AF10-CALM product and four different-sized CALM-AF10 products were detected. The chemotherapy sensitivity of leukemic cells with t(10;11) in vitro to drugs is lower than that of leukemic cells without t(10;11). 3 out of 5 cases of t(10;11) leukemia were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs, while 31 out of 36 cases of leukemia without t(10;11) were sensitive at same condition. There were significant differences (P < 0.01), consistent with clinical features of patients. Apoptosis rate of leukemic cells with t(10;11) induced by chemotherapeutic drugs was lower than that of leukemic cells without t(10;11), (16.37 +/- 2.56)%, and (33.75 +/- 5.59)%, respectively (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the CALM-AF10 fusion transcripts are a common features and are involved in the pathogenesis of haematological malignancies with t(10;11), and are associated with a poor prognosis.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcriptional Activation ; drug effects ; Translocation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of different brain metabolites during hepatolenticular degeneration using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration and study the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values and MRS with the different pathological changes.

METHODSTotally 53 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration were enrolled in this study and divided into DWI high-signal group (n=31) and DWI low-signal group (n=22). Magnetic resonance scan, DWI, and spectroscopy were performed before treatment and 4 months after treatment. The changes of ADC value, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio, and choline (Cho)/Cr ratio were recorded.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the NAA/Cr ratio was significantly higher in the DWI high-signal group than in DWI low-signal group (P=0.002), whereas ADC value and NAA/Cr ratio were significantly lower (P=0.004, P=0.014, respectively). After treatment, the NAA/Cr ratio was still significantly higher in the DWI high-signal group (P=0.036), while the differences of ADC value and Cho/Cr ratio showed no statistical deference (P>0.05). In the DWI high-signal group, the ADC value and NAA/Cr ratio were significantly elevated after treatment (P=0.006, P=0.008), whereas the Cho/Cr ratio showed no significant change (P>0.05). In the DWI low signal group, NAA/Cr ratio was significantly increased after treatment (P=0.015), while the ADC value and Cho/Cr ratio showed no significant change (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDWI combined MRS imaging can be used to evaluate the microscopic structure and metabolic changes during copper deposition and thus, compared with the conventional magnetic resonance imaging provide more information on metabolism. Therefore, they can be useful tools in the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of hepatolenticular degeneration.

Adolescent ; Child ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To explore protective effect of Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) on irradiation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.Methods Human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 were administered with or without HO-1 activator Copp and/or HO-1 inhibitor Znpp,respectively.Then,cells were treated with or without 8 Gy radiation.The HO-1 protein expression of cells were assessed with Western blotting and apoptosis of cells treated with irradiation were evaluated with flow cytometry.Moreover,cytochrome C releasing into cytosol were also determined by Western blotting. Results In PBS+R group,HO-1 protein expression of EA.hy926 was low posterior to irradiation.When cells were preconditioned with Copp and/or Znpp,then recieved with 8Gy irradiation,the HO-1 protein expression of EA.hy926 increased significantly in comparision with the PBS+R group(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)and nervous nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) and study if change will be happen in subgroup between eNOS and nNOS during earlier period of CI/R.

METHODSA total of 60 Wistar rats weighting 200-280 g, supplied by Animal Center of China Medical University, were divided into 6 groups (n=10) (sham operation group; ischemia 1 h, 2 h group; reperfusion 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h group). Female and male was half-and-half. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by a 2-hour suture occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery, immediately after suture withdrawal to allow reperfusion, eNOS and nNOS expressions were examined by the method of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSeNOS expressions increased in 1-hour during ischemia, keeping up with decreasing until reperfusion 2-hour. While nNOS expressions increased in 2-hour between ischemia and reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONChanges of expression between eNOS and nNOS in rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion are different. This may be related with ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; Female ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; enzymology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hand hygiene (HH) compliance and its influencing factors in order to improve the HH of healthcare workers (HCWs).

METHODSHH compliance of HCWs in randomly sampled departments in our hospital was observed and recorded single-blindly by specially-trained staffs using a uniform method.

RESULTSThe total compliance rate of HH of HCWs was 30.2%, which varied among different departments and posts, and working areas. It was significantly higher in ward doctors than in outpatient physicians (P < 0.01). However, the compliance was not significantly different among nurses in different departments (P > 0.05). The compliance of HH of HCWs after surgical procedures (40.4%) was significantly higher than that before procedures (19.6%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe compliance of HH of HCWs remains low, which is somehow affected by factors such as departments, posts, and treatment modes.

Female ; Guideline Adherence ; statistics & numerical data ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Male ; Personnel, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To study the discharges regularity of ambulatory electroencephalogram (ambulatory,EEG,AEEG)during sleep and hyperventilation(HV)-induced EEG. Methods Features of epileptiform discharges of AEEG and HV-induced EEG were evaluated comparatively in 65 cases with frontal lobe epilepsy. Results The epileptiform discharge rate of HV-induced EEG was evidently lower than that of AEEG during the shallow sleep period (non-rapid-eye-movement phase 1 and 2,NREM phase 1 and 2),which had statistical significance(P＜0.01);however,the rate of HV-induced EEG had no significant difference from that of AEEG during the awake period and deep sleep period(NREM phase 3 and 4)(P＞0.05). Conclusions The epileptiform discharge rate of AEEG during the shallow sleep period is obviously higher than that of HV-induced EEG in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy,and thus sleep EEG is helpful to enhance the diagnostic rate of epileptiform discharges in these patients.