Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from a hospital in Chongqing during one year according to CHINET project.Methods Disc diffusion test (K-B method) was employed to study the antimicrobial resistance. WHONET5 was used for data analysis.Results In one year period from 2004 to 2005,690 non-duplicate isolates were collect- ed.Enterobacter isolates showed the lowest resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem.About 37.5% of E.coli and 31.4% of K.pneumoniae isolates produced ESBLs,respectively.All ESBLs-producing strains were susceptible to imipenem and mer- openem.About 37.2%,39.4% and 48.9% of P.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem,meropenem and ceftazidime, respectively.Pandrug-resistant (PDR) P.aeruginosa was isolated from our hospital.All strains of A.baumannii were sus- ceptible to imipenem and meropenem.About 37.7% of A.baumannii were resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam.Twenty-nine strains showed the same resistant pattern among non-susceptible strains of A.baumannii,mainly derived from 2 clones by PFGE analysis.Conclusions The surveillance results suggest that prevalent strain resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam may pres- ent in some ICUs.Resistance rate to cefoperazone-sulbactam increased significantly.

By summarizing the recent literatures on brain mechanisms with acupuncture intervention based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the BOLD-fMRI examination and analysis methods, the points to be acupunctured, the corresponding meridian activation regions, the specific intensity range, functions and indications of the acupoints, the manifestation of 'bi-directional regulation' characteristics, fMRI performance of chronergy, laterality and needling qi of acupuncture were reviewed to provide the ideas for future research in this area.

Objective: To discuss the application principle in tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) in Chinese literatures published in recent 30 years. Methods: The three major Chinese databases, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to collect the studies of tuina manipulations in treatment of LIDH published in recent 30 years. Clustering analysis was applied to analyze the top 20 tuina manipulations for LIDH. Results: The top 20 most frequently used manipulations for LIDH were Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, oblique Ban-pulling, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, Bashen-pulling and extending, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, post-extension Ban-pulling, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, fist-back Ji-tapping, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. The involved manipulations can be divided into two categories by the treated body areas. One category is applied to the soft tissues, including Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, and fist-back Ji-tapping methods. The other category is applied to bones and joints, including oblique Ban-pulling, Bashen-pulling and extending, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, post-extension Ban-pulling, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. Conclusion: Based on the treated body area, the tuina manipulations applied to treat LIDH are predominated by the ones performed on soft tissues, assisted by those on bones and joints. From the way of force exertion, the involved manipulations are majorly the swinging methods, followed by squeezing and pressing ones. The manipulations applied to bones and joints are predominated by the Ban-pulling ones, followed by the Bashen-pulling and extending ones.

Objective To investigate the neuroimaging features in mitochondrial encephalomyopatbies with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes(MELAS).Methods Twenty-two clinically diagnosed patients who came from department of neurology,Huashan hospital in October 2003 to July 2006 were analyzed for CT,MRI,MRI contrast,MRA and MRS.Results In all 22 patients,the neuroimaging results of 21 were positive.There were 9 patients lying in hemisphere,12 in both cerebral hemispheres,including occipital,parietal,temporal and frontal lobe.The abnormal areas showed low signal intensity on T_1-weighted MRI,high signal intensity on T_2-weighted MRI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)images.The lesions of 12/16 patients on MR contrasted images were enhanced.The lesions of one patient showed malacoma-like changes,one showed Fahr syndrome' s change and another showed high signal intensity on MR contrasted images.Conclusion Although the neuroimaging features of MELAS are complicated,the specific ones could help to make the diagnosis.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 151 cases of melioidosis and the drug resistance of Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP), in order to provide the basis for diagnosis, treatment and reasonable prevention of melioidosis. Methods　A total of 151 inpatients and outpatients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2022 were collected, and clinical specimens were submitted for examination to isolate and identify BP strains. The clinical data of 151cases of melioidosis and the drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria were retrospectively analyzed, and using SPSS26.0 software for statistical analysis. Results　Among 151 cases with BP infection, there were 138 males (91.4%) and 13 females (8.6%); the most patients were aged from 45-<60 years old, accounting for 74 cases (49.0%); melioidosis incidence was concentrated in October (19.2%), November (19.2%), August (9.9%) and July (8.6%), and; the number of confirmed cases showed an increasing trend and the time for confirmation was <10 d; Internal medicine system (31.1%), surgery system (26.5%) and intensive care department (20.5%) were the common departments for treating melioidosis; blood (49.0%), sputum (9.9%) and wound secretion (8.6%) were the main clinical specimens for detecting BP; pulmonary infection (68.2%), sepsis (35.1%) and local suppurative infection (23.8%) were the top clinical manifestations in patients with BP infection; the effective rate of treating melioidosis was 74.8%; abnormal liver function was a risk factor for the curative effect of melioidosis (χ2=5.010, P<0.05); the sensitivity rates of BP strains to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), doxycycline (DOX), imipenem(IPM), ceftazidime (CAZ), amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC) and tetracycline (TCY) were generally more than 90%, with sensitivities of 98.7%, 97.2%, 96.7%, 94.0%, 93.2% and 90.7%, respectively. Conclusions　It can be concluded that misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of melioidosis is easy to occur, and the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors in this area should be strengthened. The sensitivity of BP to commonly used antibiotics has shown a certain downward trend, clinical use should be standardized, and drug resistance monitoring should be strengthened to improve the efficacy of melioidosis treatment.

Iron is an essential element for cell growing including tumor cells. This study was purposed to explore the effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) on cell line K562/A02 and its mechanism. K562/A02 cells were cultured with different concentrations of DFO. The inhibitory effects of adriamycin (ADM) used alone or combined with DFO on the proliferation of K562/A02 was evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cells after treatment with 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 µmol/L DFO alone or in combination with 1 mg/L ADM were analyzed by flow cytometry. ADM accumulation in K562/A02 cells after treatment with different concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 µmol/L DFO were also analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of BAX/BCL-2 and MDR1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR, and then the protein level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the IC(50) of ADM for K562 and K562/A02 cells were (1.46 ± 0.07) mg/L and (40.98 ± 3.05) mg/L respectively. The resistance of K562/A02 cells to ADM was 28.06 times as that of K562 cells. After treatment of K562/A02 cell with DFO of 12.5, 25 and 50 µmol/L for 48 hours, the resistance of K562/A02 cells to ADM were increased by 24.95, 16.11 and 9.99 times respectively. When K562/A02 cells were incubated with different concentrations of DFO of 12.5, 25, 50 µmol/L for 48 hours, the apoptosis rat were (3.50 ± 0.30)%, (7.27 ± 0.32)% and (12.53 ± 1.21)% respectively. After co-culture with DFO and ADM for 48 hours, apoptosis rate were (6.13 ± 0.29)%, (9.57 ± 0.40)% and (18.97 ± 1.10)% respectively. The above apoptosis rates was much higher than that of control group (p < 0.05) and they were dose-dependent. In comparison between DFO + ADM group and DFO group, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Expression rate of BAX/BCL-2 increased. The levels of MDR1 mRNA reduced. Furthermore, expression of P-gp also decreased in K562/A02 cells. It is concluded that iron increase can promote K562/A02 cells growth and inhibit their apoptosis. Otherwise, iron-deprivation can induce K562/A02 cells apoptosis. DFO disturbs the iron metabolism and inhibits DNA synthesis of K562/A02 cells. This action of DFO may enhance the susceptibility of K562/A02 cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. The iron-deprivation may play a role in the treatment of leukemia with combination of DFO with other anticancer agents.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Deferoxamine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the reversible effect of cyclosporine A, raloxifene and their combination on multidrug resistance cell line K562/A02. The IC(50) (the concentration causing 50% inhibition of cell growth) of DNR were assayed by MTT method, the expression level of mdr-1 mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR, p-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and intracellular DNR concentration were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the IC(50) of DNR on K562/A02 and K562 cells were 23.51 mg/L and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. The IC(50) of DNR on K562/A02 cells in treatment with raloxifene CsA and both combination were 5.98, 8.15 and 3.68 mg/L respectively, but both drugs not influenced IC(50) of DNR on K562 cells. Pretreating K562/A02 cells with raloxifene (2.5 mg/L) or CsA (1 mg/L) for 48 hours partially restored the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to DNR. Cyclosporine A and raloxifene (alone or combination) elevated the intracellular DNR concentration in K562/A02, down regulated P-gp and mdr-1 mRNA expressions. It is concluded that multidrug resistance (MDR) can be partially reversed by CsA or raloxifene, the combination of both drugs shows a great synergistic reversal effect.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDH3N2 subtype influenza A viruses have been identified in humans worldwide, raising concerns about their pandemic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A virus. The aim of this study was to establish a system for rescuing of a cold-adapted high-yielding H3N2 subtype human influenza virus by reverse genetics.

METHODSIn order to generate better and safer vaccine candidate viruses, a cold-adapted high yielding reassortant H3N2 influenza A virus was genetically constructed by reverse genetics and was designated as rgAA-H3N2. The rgAA-H3N2 virus contained HA and NA genes from an epidemic strain A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) in a background of internal genes derived from the master donor viruses (MDV), cold-adapted (ca), temperature sensitive (ts), live attenuated influenza virus strain A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (MDV-A).

RESULTSIn this presentation, the virus HA titer of rgAA-H3N2 in the allantoic fluid from infected embryonated eggs was as high as 1:1024. A fluorescent focus assay (FFU) was performed 24-36 hours post-infection using a specific antibody and bright staining was used for determining the virus titer. The allantoic fluid containing the recovered influenza virus was analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the specific inhibition was found.

CONCLUSIONThe results mentioned above demonstrated that cold-adapted, attenuated reassortant H3N2 subtype influenza A virus was successfully generated, which laid a good foundation for the further related research.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dogs ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Reassortant Viruses ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics