Raman spectroscopy has generated many branches during the development for more than 90 years. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves SNR by using the interaction between tested materials and the surface of rough metal, as to quickly get higher sensitivity and precision spectroscopy without sample pretreatment. This article describes the characteristic and classification of SERS, and updates the theory and clinical application of SERS. It also summarizes the present status and progress of SERS in various disciplines and illustrates the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the application for SERS in microbiology.
Microbiology ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Psoriasis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To construct prokaryotic expression vector of His-tagged human IP-10 for further study of its biological function in the inflammatory response. METHODS: The coding sequence of IP-10 lacking signal peptide was amplified from human lung cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the fragment was cloned into pET-14b plasmid for the construction of His-tagged fusion protein expressing vector, pET-14b/IP-10. After being identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing, the recombinant vector was transformed into a strain of E. coli, BL21 (DE_3). The expression of His-tagged fusion protein was induced with IPTG and purified with Ni+-NTA affinity chromatography. Then the chemotactic activity of IP-10 was determined by transwell migration assay on THP-1 cells. RESULTS: The construction of pET-14b/IP-10 recombinant vector was proved by enzyme digestion and sequencing. The fusion protein IP-10, which was purified by a routine Ni+ affinity method, had an activity on the induction of cell migration of THP-1. CONCLUSION: We successfully construct IP-10 fusion protein expressing vector and get the fusion protein with high bioactivity, which provides essential materials for the future studies on IP-10.

Objective To observe the effects of comprehensive measures of changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement on prevention of children's Kashin-Beck disease in Aba state.Methods Fifty eight villages in Aba Kashin-Beck disease areas were chosen as intervention points in Aba state Sichuan province from 2007 to 2011.Based on the implementation of prevention and control measures,the villages were divided into off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group,Geletuo town of Seda county,Ganzi state was selected as a control point,and right-hand anteroposterior X-ray examination(including the wrist) was carried out on children aged 6-13 from 2007 to 2011 annually.Clinical and X-ray diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease was made in accordance with the Diagnostic Criteria of Kaschin-Beck Disease(GB 16003-1995).The effects of prevention and control measures were evaluated by comparing the child X-ray detection rate before and after the implementation of the measures.Results The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention points was 2.07％(66/3181),2.72％ (69/2540),1.16％ (35/3017),0.56％ (19/3397) and 0.56％ (24/4273),respectively from 2007 to 2011,with a downward trend (x2trend =66.74,P ＜ 0.01).There was a downward trend in the average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [1.60％(29/1809),2.63％ (39/1484),1.29％ (25/1941),0.64％ (15/2332),0.42％ (10/2379)] and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [2.70％ (37/1372),2.84％ (30/1056),0.93％(10/1076),0.38％ (4/1065),0.74％(14/1894)] (x2trend=30.97,35.19,all P ＜ 0.01).The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention group was 0 from 2007 to 2010,and was 1.61％ (1/62) in 2011.The difference of X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant in the control group in the 5 years from 2007 to 2011.The difference of children's X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant between control group and intervention group.Conclusions The effect of taking changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement comprehensive measures to prevent children's Kashin-Beck disease is not significant in those places where the state of Kaschin-Beck disease is not active.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in occupational women of childbearing age and the prognostic value of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-2.Methods:184 patients from the Meishan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 in the gynaecological clinic were selected for research.The self-made general situation questionnaire was used to investigate the situation of the patients, and the vaginal secretions of the patients were sampled for microscopic examination to diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis. According to the prevalence and recurrence of VVC, the patients were divided into recurrent group (42 cases), non recurrent group (55 cases) and non-VVC group (87 cases). Single factor analysis and multi factor logistic analysis were used to analyze the pathogenic factors of VVC.Results:Among the 184 patients, 97 were diagnosed as VVC, with a 52.72% incidence rate. The results of single analysis showed that age, drinking sugary drinks, eating sweets, exercising, sedentary, emotional state, frequency of using pads in non menstrual period, wearing tights, history of vaginitis, frequency of vaginal washing, history of curettage, contraceptive method, first sexual intercourse age, number of sexual partners, whether washing vulva before and after sexual life were related to the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in occupational women of childbearing age ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that sedentary, drinking sugary drinks, eating sweets, wearing tights, vaginal washing frequency, first sexual intercourse age, contraceptive method, number of sexual partners, history of curettage, history of vaginitis, and cleaning vulva before and after sexual life were all independent factors ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in TNF-α level among the three groups ( P>0.05), while the IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were the lowest in the recurrent group, the second in the non recurrent group, and the highest in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence rate of VVC in the women of childbearing age occupation is related to sedentary, sugar drinking, sweet food, tight pants frequency, vaginal irrigation frequency, first sex, contraceptive methods, sexual partners, curettage history, vaginitis history, sexual cleansing before and after sexual activity. Clinically, relevant factors can be intervened to reduce the incidence of the disease. The decrease of IFN-γ and IL-2 may increase the risk of VVC.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of balance-impact tuina therapy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH).Methods:A total of 118 eligible LIDH patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 59 cases in each group.The observation group was intervened by balance-impact tuina therapy,while the control group was intervened by conventional tuina therapy,both for consecutive two weeks.The scores of visual analog scale (VAS),Oswestry disability index (ODI),quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QOL-C30) were observed before and after treatment;the relapse rate was estimated at the sixth month and twelfth month following the treatment.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:After intervention,the total effective rate was 96.6％ in the observation group versus 91.5％ in the control group,and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The VAS and ODI scores declined significantly after treatment in both groups (all P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly lower than the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The QOL-C30 score increased significantly after treatment in both groups (both P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).The relapse rates at the post-treatment sixth month and twelfth month in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional tuina therapy,the balance-impact tuina therapy shows advantage in lessening pain,improving the function and enhancing the quality of life in the treatment of LIDH,and it has a lower relapse rate.Thus,this therapy is worth promoting in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo study the hypoglycemic effect of the total flavonoids in Leucaena seeds(TF).

METHODExperimental observation was performed by using various diabetic mice induced by alloxan, adrenalin, etc.

RESULTTF could significantly lower the blood glucose levels in Alloxan model mice, adrenalin model mice and hyperglycemic mice, while had no hypoglycemic effect on the normal mice.

CONCLUSIONThe total flavonoids in Leucaena seeds has hypoglycemic effect in diabetic model mice.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; Epinephrine ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hyperglycemia ; blood ; chemically induced ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese drugs for strengthening Pi, harmonizing Wei, and dispersing blood stasis (CDSPHWDBS) on the expression of gastric mucosal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients.

METHODSA total of 100 CAG patients were assigned to the control group and the treatment group by random digit table, 50 in each group. Patients in the control group took Folic Acid Tablet 10 mg each time, 3 times per day. Those in the treatment group took CDSPHWDBS, 100 mL each time, once per day. The treatment course was 6 months for all. Clinical symptoms and signs, endoscopic and histopathological changes were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The expression of gastric mucosal HSP70 in CAG patients was determined using SP immunohistochemistry. Data were collected by HPIAS-1 000 pathological graphic analysis system, and its expression semi-quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of clinical Chinese medical symptoms and signs was 88. 0% (44/50 cases) in the treatment group and 56. 0% (28/50 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P <0. 01). The improvement rate of endoscopic manifestations such as congestion and edema, erosion, bile regurgitation, pale gastric mucosa, exposed blood vessels, particles proliferation in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P <0. 05). The total effective rate of atrophy was 80. 0% (40/50 cases) in the treatment group and 54. 0% (27/50 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). The effective rate of intestinal metaplasia was 75. 0% (12/16 cases) in the treatment group and 33.3% (5/15 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0. 05). The optical density value of gastric mucosal HSP70 was significantly elevated in the two groups after treatment (both P <0. 05). It was higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment with significant difference (P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONCDSPHWDBS had obvious effect in treatment of CAG and could improve pathological changes of precancerous lesions possibly by promoting the expression of gastric mucosal HSP70 in CAG patients.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional

Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis

miR-214 plays a major role in the self-renewal of skin tissue. However, whether miR-214 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of human hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is unknown. Primary HFSCs were isolated from human scalp skin tissue, cultured, and identified using flow cytometry. An miR-214 mimic and inhibitor were constructed for transfection into HFSCs. The MTS and colony formation assays examined cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence detected the localization and expression levels of TCF4, β-catenin, and differentiation markers. Luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays investigated whether miR-214 targeted EZH2 and regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot determined the expression levels of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins, and HFSC differentiation markers in cells subjected to miR-214 transfection. miR-214 expression was remarkably decreased during the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs into transit-amplifying (TA) cells. Downregulation of miR-214 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. Overexpression of miR-214 led to decreased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4, whereas downregulation of miR-214 resulted in increased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4 as well as TA differentiation markers. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that inhibiting miR-214 triggered the entry of β-catenin and TCF-4 into the nucleus. The luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays demonstrated that miR-214 directly targets EZH2 and affects Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The miR-214/EZH2/β-catenin axis could be considered a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for HFSCs.
Antigens, Differentiation ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans* ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Luciferases ; Regenerative Medicine ; Scalp ; Skin ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Engineering ; Transfection