A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the determination of metoclopramide was developed by employing ruthenium complex as an ECL signal producer and an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) material as modified material. The ECL sensor was fabricated by adsorption ruthenium complex into a mixture of OMC and Nafion, which showed good electrochemical and ECL behaviors. It was found that the ECL intensity of the sensor fabricated was greatly enhanced in the presence of metoclopramide. Based on this finding, a highly sensitive and reproducible ECL method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide. The result showed that the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of metoclopramide in the range from 1.0×10-10 to 5.0×10-7M and the detection limit was 3×10-11M. The ECL sensor exhibited a long-term stability and a fine reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 1.0 % for 1.0×10-10M metoclopramide in 18 continuous determinations. The developed method has been applied to the determination of metoclopramide in tablet samples with satisfactory results.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene expression of MAPEG in the cortex of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mouse immune inflammatory model and the effect of cyclosporine A (Cs A).

METHODSMale Balb/c mouse immune inflammation model was developed by intravenous injection of Con A (20 mg/kg). Cs A (150 mg/kg) was intravenously infected prior to Con A administration. The MAPEG expressions were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTmGST1, mGST3, LTC(4)S, FLAP and mPGES-1 were detected by RT-PCR but not mGST2. Eight hours after Con A treatment, mGST1 level was up-regulated to 1.2 approximately 1.5 folds of control with or without Cs A treatment. mGST3ìLTC(4)S, FLAP and mPGES-1 mRNA levels were not influenced by Con A administration.

CONCLUSIONImmune mechanism may be not involved in mGST1 up-regulation in this model and Con A does not alter arachidonic acid metabolism in cortex.

5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Concanavalin A ; toxicity ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Eicosanoids ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Prostaglandin-E Synthases

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antitumor activity of a novel class of 4, 8-Disubstituted-8, 9-dihydropyrazine[2, 3-g]quinazoline-7(6H)-ketones in vitro, and to screen potential anticancer compounds for further study.

METHODSSeventeen compounds of 4, 8-Disubstituted-8, 9-dihydropyrazine[2, 3-g]quinazoline-7(6H)-ketones were synthesized with solid-phase method for biological evaluation of EGFR tyrosine kinase. MTT method was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity in vitro against three human cancer cell lines (human lung carcinoma cell line A549, human leukemia cell lines K562 and human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901).

RESULTSCompound 7-13 and 7-14 showed potent antitumor activities against A549 cells, with IC(50) values of 8.10 and 8.12 mol/L, respectively. Eight compounds showed proliferative inhibition effect on K562 cells, especially 7-2, 7-13 and 7-17, with IC(50) values of 2.22,0.57 and 7.20 mol/L,respectively.And compound 7-13 and 7-3 showed potent antitumor activity against SGC7901 cells, with IC(50) values of 4.20 and 9.71 mol/L, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe synthesized compounds 4, 8-Disubstituted-8, 9-dihydropyrazine[2, 3-g] quinazoline-7(6H)-ketones show inhibition effects on human cancer cell lines in vitro. Compound 7-13 has anticancer activity in all three cancer cell lines, which might be used as a potential antitumor drug for further study.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Quinazolines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical (IHC) phentotype,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infantile/congenital fibrosarcoma (IFS/CFS) with unusual histological features. Methods Five IFS/CFS at Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from March 2014 to July 2018 were analyzed for their diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Results Two cases were males, three cases were females. The clinical manifestation of IFS/CFS was a rapidly?growing and painless mass. There were no specific radiologic features. Histologically, the tumor cells are arranged in intersecting or sheet?like patterns. There were focal hemangioma?like areas in four cases. There were also focal areas of primitive asteroid, short?spindled, and oval tumor cells in three cases. IHC study showed the tumor cells diffusely expressed TLE1(2/5), Vimentin(5/5), and WT1(3/5), in a cytoplastic pattern;they focally expressed CD34(3/5), CD31(3/5), and α?SMA(2/5). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected break?apart positivity of ETV6 gene. Conclusions Hemangioma?like pattern, myxoid area, and TLE1 expression is very rare in IFS/CFS. Detection of ETV6 gene break?apart by FISH is very helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IFS/CFS.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) combined with percutaneous continuous circumsuture (PCCS) and EVLA in treating severe great saphena varicose. Methods A total of 60 patients with unilateral great saphenous varicose level C5-C6 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group according to the CEAP system. Control group was given EVLA surgery while experimental group was given EVLA+PCCS surgery. Data of operation time, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, the rate of ulcer healing, variceal recurrence rate and postoperative complication rate within 6 months after operation were compared between two groups. Results The mean operative time and intraoperative blood loss were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hospital stay, ulcer healing rate and recurrence rate between two groups ( P>0.05). No deep venous thrombosis was found after treatment in two groups. The occurrence rates of skin burns and subcutaneous ecchymosis were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other complications between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion EVLA combined with PCCS in the treatment of severe saphenous varicose veins can significantly shorten the operation time, reduce the amount of bleeding, reduce the incidence rates of skin burns and subcutaneous ecchymosis on the premise of promising cure rate and recurrence rate. Overall, the combination therapy is superior than monotherapy.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical (IHC) phentotype,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infantile/congenital fibrosarcoma (IFS/CFS) with unusual histological features. Methods: Five IFS/CFS at Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from March 2014 to July 2018 were analyzed for their diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Results: Two cases were males, three cases were females. The clinical manifestation of IFS/CFS was a rapidly-growing and painless mass. There were no specific radiologic features. Histologically, the tumor cells are arranged in intersecting or sheet-like patterns. There were focal hemangioma-like areas in four cases. There were also focal areas of primitive asteroid, short-spindled, and oval tumor cells in three cases. IHC study showed the tumor cells diffusely expressed TLE1(2/5), Vimentin(5/5), and WT1(3/5), in a cytoplastic pattern; they focally expressed CD34(3/5), CD31(3/5), and α-SMA(2/5). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected break-apart positivity of ETV6 gene. Conclusions Hemangioma-like pattern, myxoid area, and TLE1 expression is very rare in IFS/CFS. Detection of ETV6 gene break-apart by FISH is very helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IFS/CFS.

In China， about 100 million people currently have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. At the same time， COPD is a multisystem disease， not only affecting the function of musculoskeletal， cardiovascular， kidney and immune systems in patients， but also causing intestinal dysfunction as its extrapulmonary manifestations. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， after COPD is formed， deficiency， phlegm stasis and toxicity were accumulated in the lungs， which leads to dysfunction of lung in dispersing and descending， and eventually causes ascending and descending disorder of Qi activities， disorder of fluid supply and distribution， and stagnation of blood stasis. The viscera disease would affect the bowels， and the large intestine is thus affected. Modern medical discovers that， the lungs and intestines have common origins and similar physiological structures， in pathological circumstances， their common mucosal immune system may lead to similar immune factors and inflammatory manifestations in the lungs and intestines. At the same time， the studies have confirmed that there is also a close relationship between intestinal flora and lung， that is "lung-gut axis". These theories partially illustrate the mechanism of COPD in inducing intestinal injury. The specific manifestations of COPD intestinal dysfunction， ① Flora disorder， with increased abundance of intestinal gram-negative bacilli， and inhibited reproduction of Bifidobacterium， Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. ② Intestinal barrier damage： characterized by the destruction of intestinal epithelium tight connectivity， increased intestinal permeability， and thinning of the mucus layer. ③ Intestinal motility disorder： mostly manifested as weight loss and malnutrition. At present， for the intestinal dysfunction in COPD patients， most of the relevant discussions and targeted treatment methods in TCM are scattered and unsystematic. Guided by the idea of treating different diseases with the same treatment， we summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD intestinal dysfunction by learning from the experience of TCM in treating intestinal flora disorders and inflammatory bowel disease， and proposed preliminary formulation with Tiaoqi Qushi，Tongfu Tongluo as its basic treatment principles in this paper， hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of COPD.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of T2DM patients with renal involvement. 【Methods】 We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and pathologic data from T2DM patients who received renal biopsy(n = 120), and these patients were followed up. Renal outcome is defined as receiving renal replacement therapy or progression to ESRD. 【Results】 Among the 120 patients with T2DM, 57(47.5%) were diagnosed as DN, and 63(52.5%) as non diabetic renal disease(NDRD). The most common subtype of NDRD is membranous nephropathy. Compared with the NDRD group, the DN group had longer course of diabetes, worse renal function and higher proportion of diabetic retinopathy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the renal survival rate in DN group was significantly lower than that in NDRD group. The 1-year, 5-year renal survival rate of DN group was only 81%, 41% Vs NDRD group 95, 84%. After multivariate adjustment, the risk of ESRD in DN patients was 3.81 times higher than that of NDRD patients(95%CI 1.61-9.01, P=0.002) . 【Conclusions】 There is a risk of misdiagnosis DN by clinical manifestations, and accurate diagnosis depends on renal biopsy. The prognosis of DN patients is significantly worse than NDRD, so it is of great clinical significance to distinguish the pathological types of diabetic patients with kidney disease.

Objective: To explore the effects of enteral immunonutrition support therapy on nutritional metabolism, immune function, and inflammatory response in adult burn patients at nutritional risk as assessed by the modified 2^nd nutrition risk screening (NRS) 2002. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. From December 2019 to January 2022, 500 adult patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and had nutritional risk assessed by the modified 2^nd NRS 2002 were recruited into the study. According to burn severity, the patients were divided into common burn patients (n=450) and severe burn patients (n=50). According to the random number table, the patients with common burn were divided into common burn diet nutrition group and common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group, with 225 patients in each group, and the patients with severe burn were divided into severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group and severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group, with 25 patients in each group. The patients in each group were given the corresponding nutritional support therapies on the basis of routine burn treatment. On post injury day (PID) 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21, the total energy intake and total protein intake of the patients in 4 groups were recorded, the plasma prealbumin, albumin, transferrin, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, peripheral blood CD3 positive T cell percentage, CD4 positive T cell count, CD8 positive T cell count, the ratio of CD4 positive T cells to CD8 positive T cells, natural killer cell percentage, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) of the patients in 4 groups were detected, and the nitrogen balance of the patients in 4 groups on the day was calculated. On PID 7, 14, and 21, the modified 2^nd NRS 2002 scores of the patients in 4 groups were reassessed. The sepsis incidence during treatment and the length of hospital stay of the patients in 4 groups and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay of the patients in the 2 severe burn groups were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and Bonferroni correction. Results: A total of 476 patients completed the trial, with 213 patients in common burn diet nutrition group (112 males and 101 females, aged (37±19) years), 218 patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group (115 males and 103 females, aged (42±16) years), 22 patients in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group (11 males and 11 females, aged (35±8) years), and 23 patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group (12 males and 11 females, aged (35±8) years). Compared with those in common burn diet nutrition group, the patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly higher total energy intake on PID 1 (t=6.06, P<0.01), significantly lower total energy intake on PID 7 and significantly lower total protein intake on PID 1 (with t values of 6.17 and 4.59, respectively,P<0.01). On PID 21, the total energy intake of patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group was significantly lower than that in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group (t=2.70, P<0.01). The total protein intake of patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group and severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group were similar at each time point post injury (P>0.05). Compared with those in common burn diet nutrition group, the patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly higher level of prealbumin on PID 3, 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.05, 2.33, 2.45, and 2.11, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of albumin on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.30, 2.56, and 2.15, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of transferrin on PID 7 and 14 (with t values of 1.99 and 2.27, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher nitrogen balance on PID 14 and 21 (with t values of 2.51 and 2.07, respectively, P<0.05), and significantly lower modified 2^nd NRS 2002 score on PID 21 (t=1.99, P<0.05). Compared with those in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group, the patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly higher level of prealbumin on PID 3, 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.50, 2.64, 2.18, and 2.39, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of albumin​on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.27, 2.39, and 2.69, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of transferrin and nitrogen balance but significantly lower modified 2^nd NRS 2002 score on PID 14 and 21 (with t values of 2.30, 2.35, 2.41, 2.16, 2.31, and 2.73, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in common burn diet nutrition group, patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly higher level of IgA and IgG on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.19, 2.36, 2.17, 2.49, 1.97, and 2.24, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of IgM on PID 21 (t=2.06, P<0.05), significantly higher percentage of CD3 positive T cells and ratio of CD4 positive T cells to CD8 positive T cells on PID 3, 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.49, 2.25, 2.33, 2.41, 2.39, 2.24, 2.46, and 2.18, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher CD4 positive T cell count (with t values of 2.15 and 2.27, respectively, P<0.05) but significantly lower CD8 positive T cell count on PID 14 and 21 (with t values of 2.58 and 2.35, P<0.05), and significantly higher percentage of natural killer cells on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.53, 2.21, and 2.36, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group, patients in severe burn diet immunonutrition group had significantly higher level of IgA on PID 7 and 14 (with t values of 2.15 and 2.03, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of IgG on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.09, 2.56, and 2.15, respectively, P<0.05), significantly higher level of IgM on PID 21 (t=2.08, P<0.05), significantly higher percentage of CD3 positive T cells, CD4 positive T cell count, and percentage of natural killer cells on PID 14 and 21 (with t values of 2.52, 2.14, 2.14, 2.39, 2.56, and 2.19, respectively, P<0.05), significantly lower CD8 positive T cell count but significantly higher ratio of CD4 positive T cells to CD8 positive T cells on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.27, 2.81, 2.01, 2.11, 2.69, and 2.05, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in common burn diet nutrition group, patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly lower level of IL-6 (with t values of 2.34 and 2.32, respectively, P<0.05) and significantly lower free mtDNA copy number on PID 14 and 21 (with Z values of -2.28 and -2.34,respectively, P<0.05), significantly lower level of sTREM-1 on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.02, 2.94, and 3.72, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group, patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group had significantly lower level of IL-6 and sTREM-1 on PID 7, 14, and 21 (with t values of 2.15, 2.29, 2.47, 2.43, 2.07, and 2.32, respectively, P<0.05), and significantly lower free mtDNA copy number on PID 14 and 21 (with Z values of -2.49 and -2.21, respectively, P<0.05). During treatment, the sepsis incidences of patients in 2 common burn groups were similar (P>0.05), the sepsis incidences of patients in 2 severe burn groups were similar (P>0.05). The length of ICU stay of patients in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group was (11±3) d, which was significantly shorter than (14±3) d in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group (t=3.12, P<0.01). The length of hospital stay of patients in common burn diet enteral immunonutrition group was significantly shorter than that in common burn diet nutrition group (t=3.11, P<0.01). The length of hospital stay of patients in severe burn diet enteral non-immunonutrition group was similar to that in severe burn diet enteral immunonutrition group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Enteral immunonutrition support therapy for adult burn patients at nutritional risk assessed by the modified 2^nd NRS 2002 can better improve the nutritional status and the immune function of patients, reduce inflammatory response of the body, and shorten the length of hospital stay in common burn patients and the length of ICU stay in severe burn patients.
Adult ; Burns/therapy* ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrogen ; Prealbumin ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Transferrins

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shengmai San has the effects of enhancing immunity and improving blood circulation, and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(Jianghuang) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and other functions. Shengmai San combined with Jianghuang is a new research direction in the study of anti-tumor of traditional Chinese medicines. The main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiation therapy, but radiation therapy can cause a variety of side effects, and it also changes the composition of the intestinal flora. In this study, the 16 s rDNA sequencing platform was used to perform macro-sequence sequencing of the intestinal flora samples of nude mice bearing the veins of Shengmai Jianghuang San, and then the results of intestinal flora data were analyzed to investigate the effect of Shengmai Jianghuang San on tumors. The results showed that Shengmai Jianghuang San combined with irradiation could enhance the therapeutic effect of tumor treatment. Radiation therapy would reduce the total number and diversity of intestinal flora in nude mice, and also change the structure of the flora. Shengmai Jianghuang San could protect the diversity of colonies, and also partially restore the colony imbalance caused by irradiation. This study provides a research idea for Shengmai Jianghuang San as a sensitizing adjuvant for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; radiotherapy ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology