Aged ; Asphyxia ; etiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; complications ; mortality

Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 3 ultraviolet absorbers (benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid, camphor benzalkonium methosulfate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor) in cosmetics.Methods: After extracted by acetonitrile-methanol-ammonium acetate aqueous solution-tetrahydrofur(30∶35∶30∶5, v/v)(for lotion and milk) or acetonitrile-methanol-ammonium acetate aqueous solution(30∶20∶50, v/v)(for cream and powder), the UV absorbers were separated on a Thermo scientific C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 35 ℃ with methanol, acetonitrile and 0.02 mol·L-1ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH 5.15 adjusted by glacial acetic acid) as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1, and then analyzed by a DAD detector at the wavelength of 288 nm and 300 nm.Results: Benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid, camphor benzalkonium methosulfate and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor showed good linearity within the range of 12.26-98.06 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), 9.31-74.48 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9) and 6.86-54.88 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), respectively.The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 4.6, 6.4 and 1.6 ng and 17.4, 15.9 and 5.5 ng, respectively.The average recovery was 99.2%(RSD=1.58%), 99.8%(RSD=2.38%) and 99.2%(RSD=2.03%)(n=36), respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, reproducible, accurate and reliable, and can be applied in the determination of ultraviolet absorbers in cosmetics.

AIM:To compare the therapeutic effect，adverse reactions and the costs between GM-CSF and G-CSF in treating leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer.METHODS:Using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis，GM-CSF was compared with G-CSF in treatment of leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer.RESULTS:The effective rate of GM-CSF was 80％ with an average cost of 1 008 yuan in a therapeutic course，the cost-effective ratio being12.6，and that of G-CSF was 85.7％ with an average cost of 2 304 yuan，the cost-effective ratio being 26.88.CONCLUSION:GM-CSF can effectively treat leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer，and its cost-effective ratio ia superior to that of G-CSF.GM-CSF is worthy to be used clinically.

Objective To analyze the effect of acromio-humeral interval on the occurrence of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) after the clinical application of clavicular hook plate in acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ). Methods From July 2005 to October 2008, 63 cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ) were treated with clavicular hook plate. There were 48 males and 15 females with an average age of 33.6 years (range, 21-53 years). The relationship of the acromio-humeral interval (AHI)were analysed between the two groups by X-ray measurement. The AHI and plate-humeral interval (PHI)were measured on X-ray film to detect difference between the two groups. Results After the operation, all t he 63 cases were divided into two groups according the occurrence of SIS. There were 14 cases in the group of SIS and 49 cases in the group without SIS. The mean follow-up was 12.2 (average, 6-15) months.The average AHI of was (8.5±2.1) mm and (9.7±2.6) mm in the group of SIS and the group without SIS respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The average PHI of the group of SIS and the group without SIS was (6.1±2.8) mm and (6.8±2.4) mm respectively. There was no difference between the two groups. After removal of the clavicular hook plate, the clinical sign disappeared in the group of SIS. According the Karlsson scoring system, the excellent and good rate of the shoulder function was 100%. Conclusion The occurrence of SIS after the clinical application of clavicular hook plate has related to the width of the subacromial interval. The syndrome could be treated by the removal of clavicular hook plate.

This study was aimed to summarize and analyze acupoint selection rule of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in recent years,and to guide acupoint selection and compatibility in clinical practice.Relevant literatures in recent years were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) full-text database.And then,literatures involving acupuncture prescriptions were summarized.Data were integrated and input.Finally,the SPSS software was combined to analyze the data of acupoint selection in the acupuncture prescription to achieve the conclusion.The results showed that in the acupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea,the main meridian selections were the Ren Meridian and the Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin.The generally used acupoints were SP6-Sanyinjiao,RN4-Guanyuan,SPS-Diji,and etc.The multi-point compatibility therapy was used.It was concluded that although the advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea are prominent,the pathogenesis is mainly related to the liver,spleen and kidney,which are recognized by most physicians.However,there are still large differences in acupoint compatibility and acupoint selection.Hence,there are still no unified,scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment standards.Further exploration should be made to guide clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the differences of the thinnest-point corneal thickness (TCT) decrease after three different corneal crosslinking (CXL) protocols for progressive keratoconus.Methyds Retrospective clinical case study.From August 2010 to November 2015,consecutive 85 patients (110 eyes) with progressive keratoconus were enrolled and treated with CXL in Department of Opthalmology,Navy General Hospital.21 patients of 25 eyes underwent standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking (S-CXL),14 patients of 22 eyes underwent 1 g · L-1 riboflavin-sodium lactate Ringer's solution iontophoresis-assisted CXL (I-CXLa),and 50 patients of 63 eyes underwent 0.1％ riboflavin-distilled water solution I-CXLb.Preoperative and postoperative TCT were measured by ALLEGRO oculyzer.The differences of TCT decrease after treatment were compared among the three CXL protocols.Results The differences of TCT from baseline after 3 months,6 months and 12 months in the S-CXL group were (-14.93 ±27.16) μm,(-31.94 ±22.89) μm,(-27.71 ±26.01) μm,respectively,the I-CXLa group were (-20.14 ± 19.09) μm,(-10.10 ± 24.28) μm,(-7.11 ± 22.26)μm,respectively,the I-CXLb group were (-28.08 ± 26.14) μm,(-21.08 ± 25.62) μm,(-15.91 ± 19.19)μm,respectively.Three months after treatment,the differences of TCT decrease in the three groups was not statistically significant (P =0.188);Six and 12 months after treatment,the differences between S-CXL and I-CXLa were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05),but the differences between S-CXL and I-CXLb,between I-CXLb and I-CXLa showed no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Six and 12 months after treatment,TCT decrease is related to the CXL protocol.TCT decrease degree may reflect the intensity of crossinking.TCT decrease in I-CXLb is smaller than that in S-CXL,but there is no statistical difference.

This study was aimed to explore the medication rules of Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal based on data mining.Relevant literatures on Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were retrieved from June 2006 to June 2016 in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) to establish a literature database.The Excel 2010,SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.2 software were used in the frequency analysis,cluster analysis,association analysis,and etc.The results showed that literatures related to Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea,there were 74 compound formula and 76 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine involved.Angelica was the core single Chinese herbal medicine.Chinese herbal medicine with high-frequency usage was the type of removing blood stasis,invigorating qi and blood.Cluster analysis can form 5 clustering combination.Primary dysmenorrhea was mainly clustered to two syndromes,which were qi and blood deficiency with blood stasis,liver and kidney deficiency with qi stagnation and blood stasis.The association rules analysis showed that there were a total of 25 rules,with the most common combination of two or multiple combination from four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine,including Angelica,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,and Rhizoma Corydalis.It was concluded that blood stasis was the direct cause of primary dysmenorrhea,many of which belonged to the deficiency of root (i.e.,deficiency of qi,blood and cold deficiency) and excess of branch.Chinese herbal medicine treatment should be focused on the regulation of both qi and blood,invigoration of both liver and kidney,as well as harmonization of the blood.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,curative effect and prognosis of extra-pulmonary infections by mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP).Methods ELISA was used to detect anti-MP IgM and IgG.Case histories of 226 patients,whose nasopharyneal lotione and respiratory secretions were positive of virus and bacteria respectively,was analysed retrospectively.Results One hundred and eighteen of the 226 (52.2%) cases suffered from extra-pulmonary infection.Of these infections 38.98%,33.89%,21.11% and 17.79% were found in digestive, urinary, cardiovascular systems and serous membrane respectively.All of the cases were improved after treatment with macrolides antibiotics.All cases were MP IgM positive,35.5% cases were IgG positive.Spatum MP positive rate was 32.2%.Positive rate of cold-agglutination test was 47.46%.Conclusions MP infection may cause many extra-pulmonary complications.When multi-organ infections can not be explained with bacterial and viral infections,MP infection should be considered.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects, safety of pneumatic lithotripsy and 2 μm laser via transurethral ureteroscope for ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation. Methods27 cases (30 sides) of ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation treated with 2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope were reviewed. Results28 sides were fragmented successfully in a single procedure. The operation time was 15～45 min (mean 25 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 3～15 ml (mean 5 ml). The postoperative hospitalization time was 3～7 d (mean 5.5 d). 1 upper ureteral stone was pushed back to the renal pelvis and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was needed. The insertion of the ureteroscope was failed in 1 cases, who accepted open operation finally. Double-J tubes were pulled out in all the patients after 1 month, and 26 sides were stone-free. They were followed-up for 3～15 months (mean 8 months), no ureteral stenosis or urinary infection was found. Conclusion2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope is an effective and safe therapy for ureteral calculi with granulation, especially for those on middle or lower levels.