Objective To explore the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention on the rational use of alanyl-glutamine injection.Methods Refer to the second quarter of 2015 and the second quarter of 2016 in the General Hospital of Shanxi Datong Coal Group using alanyl-glutamine injection discharge instructions for special comment, compared and analyzed the changes in the use of the drug before and after the intervention.Results Before intervention, the usage rate and the irrational rate of alanyl-glutamine injection were 4.6% and 52.9%,those were 2.9% and 10.9% after intervention.The differences were statistically significant(χ2 =49.209,169.200,all P<0.05).There were significant differences before and after intervention compared in the choice of drug suitability,the high concentration of the medicine liquid,the excessive supply of amino acid and the incompatibility of the compatibility (χ2 =38.882, 31.348,26.242,4.286,all P<0.05 ).Conclusion The pharmacy intervention is feasible and effective for the rational use of alanyl-glutamine injection,and it can reduce irrational using rate.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Muscles ; physiopathology ; Nervous System Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy

Several M-CAT elements are present in the chicken nicotinic acetylcholine receptor γ-subunit promoter and required for the totipotency of this gene.To understand the binding properties of M-CAT element,the interaction of M-CAT motif,at the position -67/-61 relative to the initiation site of γ-promoter with nuclear proteins,were analyzed.Mutageneses and binding experiments demonstrated that the M-CAT core motif bound nuclear protein (s) from tested chicken tissues to generate a high-mobility complex;while the flanking sequence bound different factors to generate lower-mobility complexes with the exception of liver.Southwestern blotting showed that only a 30 kD protein was expressed in tested tissues of chicken embryo at day 13.These results suggest that a 30 kD factor can directly bind to M-CAT element in the manner of monomer,even homodimer and is ubiquitously expressed in tissues,while the binding of the factor(s) to flanking sequence should probably rely on the presence of a 30 kD ubiquitous factor.

Objective To characterize the localization and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) in thoracic spinal cord before and after acute contusion. Methods 48 Sprague Dawley rats, 250 to 300 g in weight, were used for the study. The injuries of spinal cord were induced at the T8,9 level by dropping a weight of 10.24 g form a height of 50 mm (Allen’ s model). All the animals with spinal cord injury were sacrificed at time points ranging from 2 to 48 hours (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours) after management. Expressions of COX- 1 and COX- 2 in the thoracic spinal cords, normal and injured, were studied with immunohistochemistry. Results COX- 1 immunoreactivity was found to constitutively express in cytoplasmof glial cells and neuropils in white matter. Tiny COX- 1 immunoreactivity was found in glial cells, neuropils and neurons in the gray substance. It was found that COX- 2 immuno- labeling expressed constitutively in cytoplasm and closely surrounding the nucleus of neurons in both ventral and dorsal horns. Contusion to the spinal cord did not result in changes of COX- 1 protein localization and expression according to evaluation of immunohistochemistry. COX- 2 immunoreactivity improved only in neurons 4 hours following contusion. The positive COX- 2 protein reactivity reached the peak 24 hours after contusion. Conclusions In contrast to their expression in the majority of peripheral tissues, both COX isoforms express constitutively in the normal rat thoracic spinal cord. The major isoform of COX involved in the secondary spinal cord injury is COX- 2 after the spinal cord is mechanically injured.

Objective To investigate the results of surgical treatment of atlantoaxial instability through posterior approach. Methods Seventy eight patients with atlantoaxial instability were used for this collective review, the patients included 38 with unstable odontoid fractures,15 with os odontoideum,8 with a disrupted transverse ligament, 6 with C1,2 tumor,6 with congenital occipitocervical abnormalities,5 with old Jefferson fractures. There were 57 males and 21 females. The mean age of the patients was 42 years(range, 3-78 years). All patients were treated by operation. Thirty seven patients were operated upon by atlantoaxial arthrodesis using wire fixation with autologous bone grafts. Nine were treated by C1,2 posterior wiring fixation and atlantoaxial facet screw fixation. Nine were operated on by atlantoaxial arthrodesis using Apofix interlaminar clamping with autologous bone grafts. Occipitocervical fusion was performed in 32 patients, arthrodesis simple with autologous bone grafts and external fixation was done in 11 patients. CD-Cervical fixation was used in 11 patients. Cervifix fixation was used in 10 patients. Results The patients were followed up for an average of 38.4 months(range, 6-216 months). Solid arthrodesis was obtained in 75 patients and non union in 3 cases. All the non union cases occurred after occipitocervical fusion. Conclusion Posterior fusion is recommended for atlantoaxial instability due to traumatic fracture or ligament disruption, tumor, inflammatory, skeletal dysplasias, congenital abnormalities. It is emphasized that adequately controlling atlantoaxial motion, meticulously preparing the fusion bed are the important measures for successful operation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the related functional orientation of the visual cognition antijamming ability in brain.MethodsThe number of recognizing errors of reaction to visual stimulations in 8 patients with brain lesions in conjunctions of occipital and parietal lobes was tested by three different kinds of noises from visual materials as stimulations, and error numbers as index, and result was compared with that of 10 normal persons.ResultsThe number of recognizing errors in the patients was higher than that in normal person ( P<0.01), and the signal-to-noise (SNR) lower, the number of recognizing errors was higher in the patients ( P<0.01).ConclusionThe conjunction of occipital and parietal lobes maybe play an important role in the visual cognition antijamming ability.

Objective To analyze the mediating effect of mental resilience on the relationship between work stress and sleep quality in psychiatrists. Methods A total of 221 front-line psychiatrists from four mental health centers in Shannxi Province were selected as the study subjects using convenience sampling method. The questionnaires of Scale for Occupational Stressors on Clinician，Chinese Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale were used to investigate the work stress，mental resilience and sleep quality of the psychiatrists. We conducted Bootstrap mediation test to analyze the mediating effect of mental resilience using SPSS PROCESS V3.5 macro program. Results The total score of work stress of psychiatrists was 97.0±17.5，and the medium（P25，P75）of mental resilience and sleep quality scores were 84.0（75.5， 94.0）and 6.0（5.0，9.0）respectively. The detection rate of sleep disorders among psychiatrists was 33.9%（75/221）. The total score of work stress of psychiatrists was negatively correlated with the total score of mental resilience ［rank correlation coefficient（rS ）=−0.34，P<0.01］，and was positively correlated with the total score of sleep quality（rS =0.48，P<0.01）. The total score of mental resilience was negatively correlated with that of sleep quality （rS = − 0.39，P<0.01）. The work stress of psychiatrists had a positive predictive effect on sleep quality［standardized regression coefficient（β）=0.41.P<0.01］，and a negative predictive effect on mental resilience（β）=−0.38，P<0.01）. Mental resilience had a negative predictive effect on sleep quality（β）=−0.24，P<0.01. Mental resilience played a partial mediating role between work stress and sleep quality，and the mediating effect accounted for 22.0% of the total effect. Conclusion Both work stress and mental resilience of psychiatrists can directly affect their sleep quality，and the mental resilience has a partial mediating role in the effect of work stress on sleep quality.

The genetic diversity of three Tibetan herbs, i. e., Sang-Di, E-Dewa and Ye-Xingba (Tibetan names), was studied based on the field collection, specimen identification and DNA sequence analysis. Swertia hispidicalyx, Gentiana lhassica and Scrophularia dentata, as the original plants of the three Tibetan herbs, were collected and identified. The regions of ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoC1, trnL(UAA), psbA-trnH, atpB-rbcL, trnS (GCU)-trnG(UCC), rpl20-rps12, trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) and nadl 2nd intron were amplified and sequenced. The ITS regions of S. hispidicalyx and S. dentata were cloned and sequenced, and the sequences were classified into different genotypes. All the sequences were analyzed and compared with those of closely related species. Our studies may provide reference for the genetic diversity analysis and molecular identification of the three Tibetan herbs.
Genetic Variation ; Gentiana ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Scrophularia ; classification ; genetics ; Swertia ; classification ; genetics ; Tibet

AIM: To investigate the signaling mechanisms involved in the priming effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on heat killed Staphylococcus aureus(HKSa)-induced nitric oxide(NO) production in macrophages.METHODS: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 was used in the experiment.Griess reagent was used to measure the content of nitrite in culture medium.Real-time PCR and Western blot was utilized to examine the mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),respectively.Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells(NF-AT).RESULTS: The RAW264.7 cells pretreated with LPS for 24 h significantly enhanced NO production induced by HKSa,suggesting that LPS primed the macrophages and increased the reactivity of the cells to HKSa.LPS increased the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2 in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells.The RAW264.7 cells pretreated with LPS enhanced NO production induced by peptidoglycan,one of the specific ligand of TLR2.The priming effect of LPS on HKSa-induced NO production was partly blocked by TLR2 neutralizing antibody.LPS significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-AT,which was inhibited by BAPTA/AM(a cell-permeable cytosolic calcium chelator) and cyclosporine A(CsA,an inhibitor for calcineurin).Both BAPTA/AM and CsA inhibited the priming effect of LPS on HKSa-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the priming effect of LPS on the reactivity of RAW264.7 cells to HKSa.Pattern recognition receptor TLR2 and calcium/calcineurin/NF-AT signaling pathway may be involved in the priming process initiated by LPS.

BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis and pathophysiological changes of chronic compressive cervical myelopathy havenotbeen completely clarified.OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of experimental chronic compressive cervical myelopathy for the exploration of the pathological and electrophysiological changes after chronic spinal compression.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled observatory study using experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: An Animal Experimental Center of a University and an Orthopaedic Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of a Military Medical University MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Animal Experimental Center of Nantong Medical University and the Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from June 2002 to April 2003. Sixty 12-week healthy Chinese rabbits of either gender with a bodymass between 2.5 kg and 3.0 kg were randomly divided into control group( n = 6) and study group( n = 54).METHODS: Titanic metal screw was put into C5 vertebra through cervical anterior approach for progressive compression to establish chronic cervical myelopathy model.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Principal consequences: ①histological examination ;②electrophysiological examination. Secondary consequence:neural function evaluation.RESULTS: Totally 48 rabbits entered into result analysis, in which 6 rabbits from control group and 42 rabbits from study group. Modified Tarlov's motor function evaluation was 3 in 31 rabbits with compression signs, and 4 in 11rabbits without compression signs. The latency of N1 wave in cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) was (9.11 ± 1.61 ), ( 11.36 ± 2.17)and (17.55 ± 3.73) ms respectively in animals of control group, animals of study group without compression signs and animals of study group with compression signs. The lantency of CSEP N1 wave was significantly longer in animals of study group with compression signs than that of the animals in the control group and study group without compression signs (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: This animal model can simulate clinical invasion process of chronic compressive cervical myelopathy. The severer the spinal compression is, the more often the compression signs appear, the longer the lantency of CSEP N1 wave is, and the more serious the spinal pathological damages are.