Aldehyde oxidase (AOX), a highly conserved molybdoflavoenzyme in mammal cytoplasm, has broad substrate specificity and ability to catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes and nitrogen, oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings. AOX was found to widely distribute with the individual differences in vivo and plays an important role in phase I metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. The biological characteristics of AOX and its contributions in drug metabolism are introduced briefly in this review.
Aldehyde Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Animals ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Liver ; enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; Xenobiotics ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To study the brain distribution of propofol and its effect on memory under intravenous combined anesthesia. Methods 20 patients undergoing elective abdominal abdomen and limb operations were randomly divided into propofol 8mg?kg -1 ?h -1 group (n=10) and 10mg?kg -1 ?h -1 group (n=10). The perioperative EEG non-linear topographic map of approximate entropy was recorded. The perioperative patients' memory was estimated by process dissociation procedure (PDP) after operation. Results Comparing with pre-operative examination results, the intra-operation explicit and implicit memory markedly declined in both propofol 8mg?kg -1 ?h -1 group and 10mg?kg -1 ?h -1 group. There was statistically significant difference between the pre-operative and intra-operative explicit and implicit memory (P

Objective To study the cerebral distribution of inhalational anesthetics and their effect on memory under inhalational combined with intravenous anesthesia. Methods 45 patients, undergoing elective abdominal and limb operations, were randomly divided into: isoflurane group (n=15), sevoflurane group (n=15), and desoflurane group (n=15). The narcosis was maintained by inhalational anesthetics combined with intravenous anesthetics. EEG non-linear topographic map of approximate entropy was recorded. The perioperative memory of the patients was estimated by process dissociation procedure (PDP) after patients awoke. Results Comparing with pre-operative examination results, there was distinct declination of intra-operation explicit and implicit memory in all three groups, and the difference was statistically siqnificant (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharyngeal opportunistic pathogens and their drug resistance related to different duty of the hospital staff,in order to improve the control and prevention of hospital infection.METHODS Totally 302 pharyngeal samples were cultured and isolated,and the tests of antibiotic susceptibility were(performed) for isolated strains to 15 kinds of antibiotics by using of the paper diffusion method.RESULTS The(isolated) rate of the opportunistic pathogens among hospital staff was 30.13%,higher in nurses(41.32%) than in technicians(20%,P

Objective To evaluate early and mid-term results in infants,weighing less than 2 500 g,who underwent early cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Method Since November 2003 to December 2007,28 consecutive infants of less than 2 500 g underwent early cardiac surgery on CPB in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Sixteen infants were male,and 12 infants were female.The mean pregnancy period was 34 weeks (30 to 41 weeks) ,and 14 patients were premature,and the mean birth weight was 2 010 g(1 370-2 500 g).Mean age at operation was 27.46 d (range 1～61 d),and mean weight was 2 391 g (range 1 500～2 500 g).Deep hypothermia circulatory arrest was used in 9.Indications for surgery were:ventricular septal defect (10 infants),transposition of great arteries (6 iofants),totally anomalous pulmonary venom return (5 infants),pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(2 infants),coarctation of aorta (1 infants) ,interrupted aortic arch (1 infants),cortriatriatum(1 infants),abnormal original of fight pulmonary artery (1 infants).Resuits Two (7.14%) infants died after operation at early phase.Mean duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay were 113.9 h and 14.4 d,respectively.During follow-up (mean 16.87 months),one died.Two patients needed reintervention.About 84.4% infants didn' t need reintervention at the end of 12-month followup.Conclusions If medicine is aseless,infants woth low birth weight and congenital heart defect can obtain satisfactory outcome after CPB.Perioperative proration for virtual organs should be payed attention to.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of adenosine stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (ECT)in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Fifty-three patients aged ≥60 years without the history of myocardial infarction were included in the research. The average age of the patients was(65.5±6.5) years (60-78 years old). All patients underwent adenosine stress ~(99m)Tc- MIBI myocardial perfusion single photon ECT and coronary angiography (CAG) within 2 months, and the results were compared. Results Compared with CAG, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accurate index of ECT were 73.7%, 90.9%, 94.3%, 80.0% and 62.3%, respectively. The specificity for left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery and right coronary artery of ECT were 90.9%, 85.7% and 100%, respectively, and the positive predictive values were 73.5%, 77.3% and 72.0%, respectively. Conclusions Adenosine is a strong vasodilator and it has multiple effects on cardiovascular system. Combination of angiocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging can be used in diagnosis of coronary artery disease. ECT is a noninvasive, convenient and low cost method and plays an important role in diagnosing, directing treatment and judging prognosis of CAD in the elderly patients.

Objective A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the outcomes of the newborns with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PAIVS),in order to delineate strategies for the optimal management of PAIVS. Methods From July 2003 to July 2008,17 neonates with PAIVS underwent surgical treatment.The mean age at operation was(1 5.6±8.6)d and the mean weight was(3.54±0.44)kg.Initial surgical treatment included:Blalock-Taussig shunt (BT shunt)in 2 cases,closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in 1 case,right ventricular outlet tract reconstruction(RVOTR)in 2 cases,RVOTR and BT shunt in 11 cases. Results The mean duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay were(35.5±35.1)h and(8.7±5.9)d,respectively.Two early deaths were reported inside the hospital(2/17,11.8%).Multivariable analysis demonstrated that mechanical ventilation before surgery was the risk factor for in-hospital mortality(r=1.02,P<0.01).The rest 15 cases were followed up with the average time of 19 months(2 months to 5 years)and no death was reported. Conclusions Neonates with PAIVS should be operated early.Individualized treatment strategy and regular follow-up are helpful to achieve better short-term outcome.

Objective To compare the efficacy of inhaled Iloprost and nitric oxide( NO)in infants with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension(PH)after congenital heart disease surgery. Methods This was a prospec-tive randomized study in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to January 2014,including 40 in-fants who suffered from moderate to severe PH after heart surgery. Their ages ranged from 1 to 24 months. Their weight ranged from 3. 2 to 11. 0 kg. They were randomly allocated to inhale NO( NO group,n = 20)or Iloprost( Iloprost group,n = 20). Iloprost group was given Iloprost with 50 ng/(kg·min)for 10 min and then combined with NO 20 × 10 - 6 for 10 min;NO group was first given 20 × 10 - 6 of NO for 10 min,then combined with Iloprost 50 ng/(kg·min) for 10 min. Heart rate,systolic blood pressure,pulmonary artery pressure(PAP)and central venous pressure were recor-ded continuously. At the same time,the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and methemoglobin after inhaling NO was de-tected. Results Inhaled Iloprost and NO caused significant reduction in PAP(t = 4. 670,P = 0. 009;t = 3. 762,P =0. 004)and pulmonary - to - systemic pressure ratio(Pp/ Ps)(t = 16. 974,P = 0. 000;t = 9. 682,P = 0. 000)but signifi-cant increase in oxygen index separately. The combination had no additional effect compared with single application. In term of the reduction of PAP,there was no significant difference between inhaled Iloprost and NO(F = 2. 742,P =0. 129). The levels of nitrogen dioxide and methemoglobin were not above the normal limits. Conclusions Moderate to severe PH after cardiac surgery was significantly reduced by inhaled NO and Iloprost. They had similar effects. However, the combination of both vasodilators failed to prove more potent than either substance alone. Compared with the potential toxicity of NO,the individual differences and the complex transmission,Iloprost may be more reasonable and feasible for the postoperative treatment of PH.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of aquaporins 1 (AQP1) and AQP5 during lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats in an in vitro experiment.Methods SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 250-320 g,were used in this study.Forty-five isolated rat lungs in which the model of isolated lung perfusion was successfully established were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group and dexmedetomidine group (D group).The isolated rat lungs were continuously perfused for 150 min in group S.After 15 min of perfusion,the isolated rat lungs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion to establish the model of isolated lung I/R injury in group I/R.In group D,the isolated rat lungs were perfused for 15 min with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetomidine,and then subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetotnidine.The lung compliance,airway resistance,perfusion flow and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) were recorded at 10 min of perfusion and 15,45 and 75 min after restoration of perfusion.Lung tissues were obtained at 75 min after restoration of perfusion for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for examination of the pathological changes and changes in the uhrastructure.The expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with S group,the airway resistance was significantly increased and lung compliance,perfusion flow and PaO2 were decreased during reperfusion,and W/D ratio was increased in I/R and D groups (P＜0.05),the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was significantly down-regulated in group I/R,and the expression of AQP 1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was significantly up-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the airway resistance was significantly decreased and lung compliance,perfusion flow and PaO2 were increased during reperfusion,W/D ratio was decreased,the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of lung tissues was significantly attenuated in group D.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces I/R injury may be related to up-regulation of the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in rats in an in vitro experiment.

Objective To investigate the impact of compliance and quality of life of psychological intervention for cancer patients and their primary caregivers,as well as the correlation between the psychological issues of patients and their primary caregivers.Methods The enrolled patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group.The patients in intervention group were given to standardize anti-tumor therapy,while the patients and their primary caregivers were given psychological intervention once a week.The patients in the control group only received standard anti-tumor therapy.By TDL determination of quality of life,anxiety rating scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS),in front of the psychological intervention after 8 weeks of intervention,the two groups of patients and their primary caregivers were questionnaired,and recorded the completion of the treatment plan.By SPSS 12.0 software,the statistics were completed.Results 51 cases in intervention group and 38 cases in control group were able to complete the number of people expected to treat there was a statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).TDL determination and quality of life scores in intervention group patients and their primary caregivers were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).SAS and SDS score in intervention group patients and their primary caregivers were significantly lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effective psychological intervention to cancer patients and their primary caregivers during the treatment of patients could improve the compliance of cancer patients,the quality of life of cancer patients and their primary caregivers.The psychological problems between the patients and primary caregivers are positive correlation.