Objective To analyze the viewpoints of the graduate students on the effective ap-proaches in cultivating their innovations. Methods Using Eugenie Creativity Test scale and self-made questionnalre, the graduate students in a medical university were surveyed on their general informa-tion, innovation levels and viewpoints of the important links and effective approaches in cultivating the innovations. The statistical software package-SPSS 16.0 was used for questionnalres. The statistical analysis was based on chi-square test for categorical data in the levels of graduate students' innovation and variance analysis for quantitative data in graduate students' understanding of the importance of cultivating approaches. Results 1 000 questionnalres were given out and effective questionnalre 936 copies were collected. The innovations of the students were malnly medium (557/936, 59.6%) and strong (356/936, 38.0%). They thought research and practice were the most important (F=225.49, P=0.00) in the tralning links and strengthening the tutorial staff was the foremost in the cultivating ap-proaches, which was followed by the sorted tralning (F=50.36, P=0.00). Conclusion The views of the graduate students on the cultivation jobs should be pald attention to. According to this study results, the management of research and practice, tutorial staff and assorted tralning should be fully considered to advance their innovations.

Objective To survey on the graduate students about their own requirements, the guid-ance of tutors and the compliance, and put the gists for the educators and administrators. Methods Using the comprehensive questionnaires including Eugenie Creativity Test and Motivation Scale, the investigation surveyed on 900 graduate students in a medical university about their requirements and tutors' concerned aspects in their opinions, which was whether influenced by Intelligence (creativity), the Non-Intelligence factors (motivation) or not. Epidata 3.1 was used to input data of the investigation, and SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used to analyze it. The items were set as multiple-choices, and the percent of responses was used. Results The students thought the tutors' concerned aspects were mainly creative thinking [61.1%(1129/1847)], research methods [58.2%(1075/1847), specialty knowledge [41.8%(772/1847)], scientific spirit
[35.4%(654/1847)], academic morality [24.3%(516/2124)] and book knowledge [5.4%(100/1847) ], while the graduate students paid more attention to its research methods [72.4%(1538/2124)], innovative thinking [64.0%(1359/2124), professional knowledge [60.0%(1274/2124)], the spirit of science [33.9%(720/2124)], academic morality [24.3%(516/2124)] and book knowledge [10.0%(212/2124)]. The percentages of research methods and specialty knowledge concerned by most of the students were higher than those tutors' con-cerned in the students' opinion. The percentages of specialty knowledge concerned by the students with high innovation and motivation were 56.2%(443/789) and 58%(345/595), which were higher than those concerned by the tutors 38.5%(255/662) and 29.4%(148/503). Conclusion In the students' opinion, tutors concerned more creative thinking, the students concerned more research methods, while they concerned similarly in the other aspects. For the students, the guidance of the tutors cannot still meet their study demands, espe-cially in research methods and specialty knowledge. Those with different motivations and innovations have different study requirements.

AIM: To investigate the effect of PMA(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) on the expression of CD18 and the mechanism. METHODS: The technique of quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to measure the expression of CD18 mRNA in U937 cells treated by PMA. RESULTS: PMA could significantly induce CD18 mRNA expression in a dose and time-dependent manner. The induction effects of PMA on CD18 mRNA could be inhibited obviously by Myr (2 ?mol/L), a specific inhibitor of PKC, and APDC, an inhibitor of NF-?B, but not be inhibited by curcumin, a inhibitor of transcriptional factor AP-1. CONCLUSION: PMA enhanced the expression of CD18 via the pathway of PKC. Transcriptional factor NF-?B, but not AP-1, was essential for the gene transcription of CD18 in U937 cells treated by PMA.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of the suture of sacral ligament and pubovaginalis fascia plus sacrospinous ligament fixation in the treatment of moderate and severe pelvic organ prolapse ( POP) . Methods Thirty-two cases with moderate or severe POP,who were treated by the suture of sacral ligament and pubovaginalis fascia besides sacrospinous ligament fixation,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The locations of POP in the 32 patients were mainly in the anterior and middle pelvis cavity. The degree of uterine prolapse was not less than POP-Q Ⅲ phase. The anterior and/or posterior vaginal walls were also prolapsed. The patients were treated by the transvaginal panhysterectomy,vaginal wall neoplasty,sacrospinous ligament fixation and the suture of sacral ligament and pubovaginalis fascia. Those with stress incontinence were also treated with urethral posterior ligament plication. The operation time was 60~120 min,and the hemorrhage vol-ume was 100~300 mL. There were no severe complications or recurrence in all patients. Conclusion The suture of sacral ligament and pubovaginalis fascia could greatly reduce the hazard rate of the recurrence of anterior pelvic organ defects in POP patients treated by sacrospi-nous ligament fixation. The suture operation could strengthen the anterior pelvis cavity,and was proven to be simple,secure and effective. Therefore,the operation is valuable to be used in clinical application.

In order to improve the scientific research capability of medical graduates,help them cultivate scientific statistical mind and the ability to resolve actual medical scientific research issues,we made a teaching reform on the teaching objectives,curriculum system,teaching material and informational teaching of Medical Statistics teaching,established a diversified teaching pattern and improved the teaching quality.

Analyzing and discriminating incorrect cases is a good method in medical statistics teaching,which can not only help students review the knowledge they have learned but also guide their self-learning.Teachers can start teaching based on the reverse thinking,propose incorrect cases with moderate difficulty and in accordance with the reality and arouse students' creativity through introducing the incorrect cases,reviewing the incorrect cases and conducting group discussion.

Objective: Extracting ephedrine and berberine from the water extract of Ephedra Herba and Rhizoma Coptidis. Methods: Modified PVA was used as separating membrane and separated alkaloids. Results: A colorless ephedrine aqueous solution was obtained when extraction time was less than 8 hours; while a three constitution solution was obtained when time of extraction is over 8 hours. So is Rhizoma Coptidis. The membrane is hardly fouled. Conclusion: Purity of alkaloids from Herba Ephedra and Rhizoma Coptidis by membrane separation is Superior to that by alcoholic sediment but amount of alkaloids is reverse.

Objective To analyse effects of the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) on antithyroid drugs (ATD) treatment in patients with incipient Graves disease (GD). Methods A total of 121 patients with incipient GD, who were used anti thyroid drugs for 12 months, were included in this study. Patients were dvided into two groups:TPOAb negative group (TPOAb≤35 IU/mL, n=49) and TPOAb positive group (TPOAb>35 IU/mL, n=72). According to the degree of TPOAb drops the TPOAb positive group was sub-divided into low level positive group (35 IU/mL1 000 IU/mL, n=20). The ATD total dosage for 12 months and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which returned to normal rate after treatment of 3, 6 and 12 months, were compared between groups. Results ATD total dose was lower in TPOAb positive group (1 743.82±265.38) mg than that of negative group (1 889.18 ±125.51) mg. The ATD total dosages were (1 759.71±230.29) mg, (1 793.75±299.02) mg, (1 731.54± 236.44) mg and (1 710.00 ± 290.73) mg for low level TPOAb positive group, medium level TPOAb positive group, high level TPOAb positive group, and very high level TPOAb positive group respectively. The recovering ratio of TSH was significantly higher in TPOAb positive group than that of TPOAb negative group after 3-month treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion TPOAb positive serum can lead to shorten the course of ATD treatment and reduce the total amount of ATD treatment in GD patients.

ObjectiveTo assess the current situation of postgraduates knowledge about medical research design and optimize the curriculum setting of research design.MethodsAn investigation was carried out in the postgraduates of 2011 using questionnaires in a medical university..The questionnaire ineluded basic information of participants and cognition of basic methods of research design.ResultsA total of 473 postgraduates participated in the investigation.Among them,311 systematically learned medical statistics before enrollment,and 275 ( 58.14％ ) once participated in scientific researches.Most of them ( ＞80％ ) knew about the 10 basic methods of research design listed in the questionnaire,but only a few of them were familiar with them,and some even didn't know about the methods.ConclusionWe should pay attention to the culture of scientific research thought in statistical design,strengthen the practice of research design teaching,and the curriculum of research design should be led into undergraduate course.

Objective To determine the role of human serum albumin therapy in the post-operative management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with cirrhosis.Methods Between January 2011 and December 2012,we treated 171 consecutive cirrhotic patients with HCC.88 patients were treated with 5％ human serum albumin for 48 hours followed by 20％ human serum albumin in the post-operative period (the observer group) ; 81 patients were only treated with 20％ human serum albumin during the same time duration (the control group).The prognosis,complications,average amount of human serum albumin and plasma used as well as the in-hospital stay were observed.Results There were no deaths or major complications in either of these 2 groups.After treatment,the observer group was lower than the control group in the amount of intravenous fluid infused,the volume of peritoneal drainage,the amount of human serum albumin and plasma used as well as the mean post-operative hospitalization days (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the daily urine output,the central venous pressure and the mean arterial pressure within 48 hours after surgery were higher in the observer group than the control group.Furthermore the observer group had a smoother post-operative recovery in liver function,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Not only did treatment with 5 ％ and 20％ human serum albumin gave the advantages of a more stable blood circulation,better organ perfusion and improved liver function recovery but it also reduced the amount of consumption of human serum albumin and plasma and shortened the hospital stay.