Objective To identify the possible alterations of brain function in prefrontal lobes and hippocampus in the first-episode patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods 20 patients were selected to perform MRI and HMRS examination. Proton multi-voxel spectroscopy imaging(1 H-MRSI)was obtained from two sides of the hippocampus and frontal lobes regions. The metabolites included N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr).The ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho were determined. Results (1)The Cho/Cr ratio was significantly reduced in left frontal white matter of patients compared to right(1. 178 ± 0.210 vs 1.437 ± 0. 337). (2) There was no statistically significant difference in metabolite levels in between left anterior cingulate gray matter and right (N AA. Cr: 1. 339 ± 0.452 vs 1. 748 ± 0. 147;Cho/Cr: 1. 406 ± 0. 394 vs 1. 761 ± 0.362) (P ＜ 0.05). (3) The NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr were significantly reduced in left hippocampus of patients compared to right. Conclusion The results implicate that the metabolic abnormalities might exist in the left hippocampus and frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms.

Objective To observe age-dependent feature of damage of hippocampus to different maturational stages rats after kindling repeated seizures.Methods The effects of 5 daily pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in different rats beginning at postnatal day 10,20,60(P10,P20,P60)were evaluated.In the 3 groups,Thionin staining method was utilized to observe morphological changes and cell counting of dentate granule cells,CA3,CA1,and hilar neurons.Timm's method of silver sulfide staining was adopted to observe the mossy fiber sprouting.Results 1.Cell counting of CA1,CA3 and hilar neurons in P10 and P20 groups demonstrated no differences from controls in rats,whereas P60 with daily seizures had a significant decrease in CA1,CA3 neurons(8.22?1.88,5.62?1.68 vs 6.31?1.50,3.62?1.40)(t=2.246,2.587 Pa

The effects of application of in-process quality control in Guizhi Fuling capsule production were evaluated by 192 batches data analysis. Using a statistical analysis method, each batch of data were to be counted to research for the difference between 96 samples adopting the technologies of in-process control or not. According to quality standards of Guizhi Fuling capsule, all measurements of the 192 batches of the drugs before and after the application of process control technology were analyzed, and they were within the rules. There was a significant difference between adopting the technologies of process control or not. Application of in-process control technology can improve the uniformity of lot-to-lot for Guizhi Fuling capsule.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of prenatal stress on neurological functions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult offspring rats.

METHODSPregnant rats were randomly assigned to prenatal stress treatment, which was exposed to restraint three times daily in the last week of pregnancy, and no prenatal stress treatment. Adult male offspring rats were subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia by MCAO. They were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, prenatal stress + sham group, MCAO group and prenatal stress + MCAO group (n = 10). After 24 hours of reperfusion, the neurological deficits were evaluated. The infarct size, cell apoptosis and expression of Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were detected.

RESULTSCompared with MCAO group, the neurological deficits, infarct size and apoptotic cells in prenatal stress + MCAO group were increased significantly (all P < 0.05). The expressions of Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 3 were much greater in prenatal stress + MCAO group than those of MCAO group, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in prenatal stress + MCAO group compared with MCAO group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPrenatal stress might exacerbate neuroloeical deficits in the offspring rats after MCAO by increasing cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Female ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To observe the effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) on the content of serum free hemoglobin ,and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) of patients with HIFU Therapy ,and investigate its action of tissue damage mechanism .Methods 50 patients with primary liver cancer undergoing HIFU surgery (ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ class) were randomly divided into control group (group C) and experimental group(group N) ,25 patients of each group .General anesthesia method was used in both two groups , group C was by total intravenous anesthesia ,group N was adopted intravenous‐inhalation anesthesia .both two groups was adopted the same anesthesia induction method .anesthesia maintain of group N was joined N2 O on the basis of group C .both two groups were draw blood from the radial artery at the points of before anesthesia (T1 ) ,before operation (T2 ) ,1 h (T3 ) ,2 h (T4 ) ,3 h (T5 ) after intraoperative ,and 24 h after operation (T6 ) ,peroxidase reaction test and double antibody sandwich ELISA method were a‐dopted to detect the content of Fhb value and ICAM‐1 ;ultrasonography system of HIFU therapeutic instrument was used to meas‐ure the abdominal wall thickness of patients before and after operation .Results The content of FHb and ICAM‐1 in serum were significantly increased after operation than before with the anesthesia time (P<0 .05);compared with group C ,group N increased obviously at the same point in time (P<0 .05);preoperative and postoperative abdominal wall thickness value of group N was in‐creased significantly (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion It may be connected with N2 O enhanced ultrasound cavitation effect that the body produces more FHb and ICAM‐1 of group N in HIFU treatment ,and induces abdominal wall skin markedly swollen .

Objective To evaluate the value of serum uric acid(UA)levels with reference to the age,waist circumference,and body mass index(BMI)in predicting the metabolic syndrome(MS)in obese children.Methods A total of 300 obese children,including 180 boys and 120 girls,were enrolled in this study.The height,BMI,waist and hip circumference,blood pressure,serum glucose,insulin and lipid profile in all participants were measured.Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin releasing test were performed.The boys or girls were divided into 4 groups according to the 4 quantile of UA level,respectively.The clinical characteristics and correlation of UA with the clinical indexes and MS components were compared.The binary Logistic regression analysis was applied in the risk of MS and its components for the 4 groups of obese children.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)of UA level,age,waist circumference and BMI were used to predict the MS.Results UA level was increased with the increase of age,waist circumference and BMI,and the UA level was significantly correlated with triacylglycerol,postprandial 2 h glucose(2 h PG)(r=0.196,0.174 in boys;r=0.291,0.179 in girls).In boys,the adjusted odds ratio and 95％CI of the highest quartile of UA for triglyceridemia was 2.71(95％CI:0.77-9.58);which in girls,the adjusted odds ratio and 95％CI of the highest quartile of UA for hyperglycemia,hypertension were 8.45(95％CI:1.76-40.52)and 3.93(95％CI:0.66-23.33),respectively,with significant differences.In boys,the area under the ROC curve of UA level,age,waist circumference and BMI which predict the MS were 0.652 0.626,0.621,0.62,respectively,and the differences were significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions The UA level is significantly correlated with the composition of MS,UA detection combining with reference to the age,waist circumference,and BMI is helpful for the identification of high risk groups of metabolic syndrome.

Objective:To study effects of large dose thymopeptides on T cell subpopulations of patients with malignant tumor under radiotherapy.Methods:Fifty one patients with malignant tumor under radiotherapy were divided into 2 groups with 100 mg and 200 mg thymopeptides respectively.The patients we re given thymopeptides,100 mg/d or 200 mg/d,iv, for 10 days.The positive percent ages of CD4,CD8,CD25 and CD56 in T cells of peripheral blood before and after thymopeptide treatment were determined by flow cytometry.Results:The positive percentages of CD4 and CD25 in T cells of peripheral bl ood after 100 mg/d thymopeptide treatment were significantly higher than those befor e thymopeptide treatment (P<0.05),while those of CD4，CD8，CD25 and CD56 in T cells of peripheral blood after 200 mg/d thymopeptide treatment all increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:These results suggest that large dose of thymopeptides can increase i mmune function of patients with malignant tumor under radiotherapy,and the curat ive effect of 200 mg/d thymopeptides is better.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

Objective To investigate the effect of stress dose glucocorticoid on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) combined with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI).Methods All early ARDS patients combined with CIRCI were screened by an adrenal corticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test and randomly divided into treatment group (hydrocortisone 100 mg intravenous,3 times/day,consecutively for 7 days,n =12 ) and control group (equivalent normal saline,n =14 ).General clinical data,changes of arterial blood gas,hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were observed and recorded at admission and at 7 days after treatment.Ventilator-free and shock-free days,ICU stay within 28 days after admission were recorded and 28-day mortality was used as judge prognosis index.Results CIRCI rate in 45 early ARDS patients was 57.8％ ( 26 patients),and the shock rate was markedly higher in ARDS patients with CIRCI than patients without CIRCI (46.2％ vs 5/19 ).There were no significant differences in baseline parameters,oxygenation and illness severity between the treatment and control groups,except for markedly lower lactic level in the treatment group [ 2.7 ( 1.2,3.9 ) mmol/L vs 4.6 ( 2.5,6.3 ) mmol/L,P ＜ O.05].After 7 days of treatment,PaO2/FiO2 markedly increased,while heart rate obviously decreased in the both groups.Compared with the control group,survival time of patients was significantly longer and shock rate of the patients was markedly lower in treatment group within 28 days (5/12 vs 10/14,P ＜ 0.05).The 28-day mortality,which were adjusted by baseline arterial lactic,was lower in the treatment group (2.6/12 ) than in the control group (5.8/14) while with no significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in complication incidence between the two groups.Conclusion Stress dose glucocorticoid could reduce shock incidence and prolong survival time,and has a tendency of lower 28-day mortality in early ARDS patients combined with CIRCI.

Objective: To examine the effect of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite on liver damages in rats. Methods: Fifty-six healthy adult SD rats (28 males and 28 females) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were given sodium arsenite solutions at doses of 2, 10 and 50 mg/L for successive 24 weeks, while animals in the control group were given deionized water. The rat body and liver weights were measured and the liver coefficient was estimated. The urine arsenic level was detected using atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and hepatic tissue sections were stained with uranium acetate and lead citrate for morphological observations under an electron microscope. Results: The body weights of both male and female rats appeared a tendency towards a rise with the duration of exposure to sodium arsenite (male rat: Wald χ2=3 610.621, P<0.001; female rat: Wald χ2=2 186.217, P<0.001, and there were no significant differences in the rat body weight 24 weeks post-exposure to sodium arsenite in each group, while there was an interaction between time and group (male rat: Wald χ2=15.874, P=0.001; Wald χ2=9.460, P=0.024). There were significant differences in the rat liver weight and liver coefficient in each group (male rat: F=18.964 and 29.968, both P<0.001; female rat: F=11.919 and 15.070, both P<0.001), with the lowest liver weight (10.17±1.15) g and liver coefficient (1.99±0.21)% measured in male rats in the high-dose group, and the highest liver weight (12.91±1.29) g and liver coefficient (4.10±0.56)% in female rats in the high-dose group. The median urine arsenic levels (interquartile range) were 25.60 (30.27), 146.56 (101.06), 1 034.68 (600.06) and 3 796.98 (19 966.89) μg/L in rats in the control, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (χ2=50.211, P<0.001), and the urine arsenic level was significantly higher in the medium- and high-dose groups than in the control group (both P<0.001). Hepatic edema was seen in rats in the low- and medium-dose groups, and hepatic edema, focal hepatic cell necrosis, hyperplasia of bile capillaries and peri-bile capillary endolysis were observed in rats in the high-dose group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to arsenic may cause morphological alterations of rat hepatic tissues, and the rat hepatic damage aggravates with the dose of exposure to arsenic.