Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Sepsis ; diagnosis

Aged ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Zenker Diverticulum ; complications ; pathology

Objective To investigate the relationship of fetal total bile acid (TBA) concentration with the change of fetal pancreas endocrine secretion and its impact on fetal growth and development in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP). Methods The concentrations of TBA, insulin, glucagon and glucose in the cord blood were measured in 30 fetuses with maternal ICP (case group) and 30 fetuses of normogravidas(control group) after elective cesarean section during the same period in the Department of Obstetrics of Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March 2007 to February 2008. The cord blood TBA concentration was investigated by enzyme method and the concentrations of insulin and glucagon were investigated by radioimmunoassay. The glucose was measured by oxidase-superoxide method. The neonatal weight, length and the ponderal index (PI) were measured after parturition. Results (1) The cord blood insulin concentration (9.0±3.3) mU/L and the ratio of insulin over glucagon 0. 048±0. 028 in the case group was significantly lower than that of controls(10.1±3.7) mU/L,0.050±0. 020 (P<0.05). The concentrations of TBA(10.3±3. 8)μmol/L and glucagon(235±57) ng/L in case group were obviously higher than that in controls (4.1±1.3)μol/L, (205±34) ng/L(P<0.05). But no difference was shown in the glucose concentration in cord blood between the ease and control groups [(3.4±1.1) mmol/L vs (3.6± 1.2 )mmol/L, P > 0.05]. (2)The neonatal weight and length in case group were significantly lower than that of control [(3163±478) g vs (3498±393)g, (46.5±2.3) cm vs (49.3±1.9)cm, P<0.01]; while the Ponderal index in ease group was significantly higher than that of control group (3.13±0. 23 vs 2. 92±0. 29,P <0.01). (3) The cord blood TBA concentration respectively showed a linear relationship with the cord blood insulin concentration, the cord blood glucagon concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in the case group. With the increase in cord blood TBA concentration, the cord insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon decreased; meanwhile the cord blood glucagon concentration rose(P<0.01). The cord blood insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in case group were respectively positively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and were negatively correlated with the PI (P<0.01); while the cord glucagon concentration was respectively negatively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and positively correlated with the P1 (P < 0.01 ).Conclusions In 1CP fetus pancreas, there are hypoinsulinism, glucagon oversecretion, and decrease of the ratio of insulin over glucagon, which is closely correlated with fetal TBA concentration. The endocrine function of fetal pancreas affects the fetal growth and development.

Objective To explore the factors affecting compliance of patients with maintenance hemodialysis and to provide reference for the improvement of patients' compliance.Methods Ten patients with maintenance hemodialysis were individually interviewed in this study.The data were analyzed based on phenomenological method.Results Three factors were found,including feasibility of doctor's advice,characteristics of patients such as awareness of disease related knowledge,recognition todisease progression and usual behavioral pattern,as well as social factors such as economic status,life pressure,family support,professional supervision and guidance.Conclusion In order to enhance patients' compliance,it is suggested to improve thefeasibility of doctors' advice and health education,as well as pay close attention to the influence of patients' recognition,psychological status and social factors on the compliance.

Objective To investigate of the radiological manifestations in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of lung in adult and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of CCAM of lung in adult.Methods Five cases with pathologically proved CCAM of lung in adult were retrospectively analyzed.Chest X-ray was available in 5 cases and chest CT was performed in 2 cases.Results On plain chest radiography,thin wall air cystic lesions with air-fluid level were detected in 3 cases.Honeycomb like small cystic lesion was detected in 1 case.Multiple round cystic lesions were found in 1 case.CT scan of the chest demonstrated a round thin wall air cystic lesion in the lateral segment of right lung's middle lobe,and a thin wall air cystic lesion with the wall merged into the shadow of chest wall in the left apicoposterior segment in one case.Small cystic lesions just like honeycomb were found in bilateral basal segments of the inferior lobes,with a 0.8—1.0 cm sized round mass revealed in the right lung′s inferior lobe basal segment, and the mass was spiculated in another case.Conclusion The imaging signs of CCAM of lung in adult is cyst or cyst-solid and at the risk of developing carcinoma.

Laboratory animals and animal experiments are foundations and important support conditions for life sciences, especially for medical research. The animal experiments have drawn extensive attention from the society because of the ethical issue. This paper takes Wenzhou Medical University as an example to give a brief introduction to the ethical review about laboratory animals in the university so as to further draw attention and concerns from the public about the ethical issue of laboratory animals. We successively introduce its scientific projects, nurturing environment and ethical review of laboratory animals.
Animal Experimentation ; ethics ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Universities

To investigate the electrophysiologic characteristics of f-wave amplitude and to evaluate its role in development and persistence of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Methods: Epicardial mapping was performed in 44 patients with chronic AF of RHD who underwent heart valve surgery. Ten patients with supraventricular tachycardia served as the control group. Results:The f-wave amplitude of left atrium (LA) and middle and low LA posterior regions were significantly lower than those of the control group. The f-wave amplitudes of the upper, middle and low sections in LA posterior region were significantly lower than those in right atrium (RA) (P<0.05). The f-wave amplitudes were compared before and after electrocardioversion in 14 patients with chronic AF. The mean atrial electrogram amplitude during sinus rhythm was significantly higher than that during AF (P<0.01).The f-wave amplitude in left appendage was higher than that in LA posterior region (the upper,middle and the lower part),P<0.05.The f-wave amplitude in the upper section of LA was significantly higher than that in the middle section. The f-wave amplitude in AF group was not correlated to the diameter or volume of both atria. Conclusion: There are amplitudes differences between the upper, middle and lower LA,suggesting that the middle and lower sections of LA posterior wall may be the region producing anisotropy and reentrant circle.

Objective To investigate the effect of Pingfei Oral Liquid (POL) on the distribution of mast cells (MCs) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the lung tissue of radiation pneumonia rats. MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomized into 3 groups : normal control,model group and POL group. The rat model of radiation lung fibro-sis was set up by a single X-ray dose of 20Gy irradiation over the whole chest of the rats. POL (20 g·kg-1·d-1,once a day, five times a week) was given orally one week before irradiation and the treatment lasted 5 weeks. MCs in the lung tissue were stained with toluidine blue firstly and then were counted 2, 4 and 8 weeks after irradiation. IL-6 protein expression of lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemical assay 8 weeks after irradiation, and mRNA ex-pression was determined with RT-PCR 4 weeks after irradiation. ResultsIt's showed the aggregation of large amount of pulmonary mast cells and increase of IL-6 protein expression 8 weeks after irradiation (P < 0.01).IL-6 mRNA expression in the irradiated lung of rats increased 4 weeks after irradiation (P < 0. 01). POL could reduce the aggrega- tion of MCs (P < 0. 01) and the expression of IL-6 protein (P < 0. 01) and mRNA (P < 0. 05) in the lung tissue. ConclusionPOL can prevent radiation pneumonia in rats by reducing the aggregation of mast cells and inhibiting IL-6 expression in the lung tissue.

Objective To evaluate the early clinical efficaoy of hybrid procedure for infants less than six months old with ventricular septal defect and coarctation of aorta.Methods From January 2010 to July 2011,20 patients with ventricular septal defect and coarctation of aorta received hybrid procedure in our center.The body weight was (4.5 ± 1.6) kg ( ranged from 1.9 kg to 6.5 kg) and the age was ( 56 ± 45 ) days ( ranged from 18 days to 6 months).The pressure gradient of the coarctation of the aorta ranged from 30 mm Hg to 56 mm Hg,5 patients of them were diagnosed as hypoplasty of aortic arch.The size of the ventricular septal defect ranged from 8 mm to 16 mm.Results The mortality was zero in all the 20 cases during the surgery,and the mobidity was 20％ (4/20).The complications were pneumonia in 2 cases,infective endocarditis in 1 case and pneumothorax in 1 case.The diameter of coarctation of the aorta ranged from 1.5 mm to 3.4 mm,and the size of the balloon ranged from 4 mm to 12 mm.The pressure gradient of the coarctation of the aorta decreased to 0 to 27 mm Hg.The bypass time ranged from 40 minutes to 87 minutes,and the crossclamp time of the aorta ranged from 20 minutes to 41minutes.The atrial septal defects were repaired and the patent ductuses were ligated during the surgery without leaving the sternum open.The total operation time was (4.0 ± 0.7 ) hours ( ranging from 3.0 hours to 5.2 hours).The mean ventilation time was (2.2 ± 1.4) days and mean ICU stay time was (5 ± 3 ) days.All the patients were followed up for ( 10.0 ± 3.6) months without aneurysm in arch and obstruction in airway.The residual obstructive pressurc gradicnt in the aortic arch ranged from 12 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg and 2 patients received reintervention.One patient received re-balloon dilation and the other received surgery.The cardiac function reached NYHA Ⅰ - Ⅱ in all eases.Conclusion The early outcome of the hybrid procedure (balloon dilation of the coartation of the aorta and surgical repair of ventricular septal defect) for infants with ventricular septal defect and coarctation of aorta was satisfying,which could avoid from circulatory arrest.It is a relatively safe procedure which could be the optional method for one-stage surgical repair.

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.