Objective To investigate the effects of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement for the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism and to discuss the management of complications related to the filter placement. Methods Seventy patients with proved deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity underwent inferior vena cava filter placement. A total of 72 IVC filters were implanted, which included 20 Trap Ease filters, 31Vena Tech filters, 13 retrievable OptEase~(TM) filters and 8 Tempo Ⅱ filters. One filter was deployed above the orifice of renal vein and the remaining 71 were deployed below the orifice of renal vein. Results All the patients were followed up for 8-72 months after the procedure. During the follow-up period no fatal pulmonary embolism occurred except that some complications related to the filter placement occurred in 6 cases.Conclusion Inferior vena cava filter placement can effectively prevent the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. Of course, this treatment should be strictly applied according to the indications.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationships of driving coping styles with driving behaviors and road accidents of drivers.MethodsThree hundreds and thirty-seven drivers were randomly surveyed by Driving Coping Questionnaire ( DCQ),Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ).Results ( 1 ) Except avoidance coping style,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping were correlated positively with the three driving behaviors ( r =0.18 ～ 0.56,P ＜ 0.01 ),and positive appraisal coping had negatively correlations with them (( r =-0.34 ～-0.41,P＜0.01 ).(2)Positive appraisal coping,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping could predict 33.5％ of error behaviors and 23.5％ of slip behaviors.And confrontive coping and positive appraisal coping could predict 40.2％ of speeding and violation behaviors.(3) Compared with safety drivers,accident drivers had significantly differences in confrontive coping in mild and moderate crashes( t=-2.75,2.80,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionDriving coping styles are the important factors influencing drivers' behaviors and road safety.

Objective To explore the characters of non-professional drivers' stress. Methods Two hundred and sixty-four non-professional drivers in Chengdu city were randomly investigated by Driver Stress Inventory(DSI). One hundred and five professional drivers were as control group. Results ①Compared with professional drivers,non-professional drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, cognitive fatigue and aggression (non-professional drivers :4.63±1.49,5.12±1.56,5.65±1.42; professional drivers: 3.60 ± 2.04,3.97 ± 2.02,4.56 ±1.84, P ＜ 0.01 ) ,and lower in hazard monitoring, driving anxiety and physiological fatigue (non-professional drivers:7.04±1.48,6.44±1.50,5.78±1.75; professional drivers:7.89 ± 1.45,6.99 ± 1.28,6.45 ± 2.37, P ＜0.01 ). ②Non-professional drivers' stress had significant differences in gender, age, marital state and driving experiences (P＜0.05). The male drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, aggression and physiological fatigue (male:4.79±1.53,6.78±1.46,5.94 ± 1.80; female:4.32±1.37,5.80±1.37,5.50 ± 1.61, P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with other age driver groups, the 20 ～29 driver group scored higher in cognitive fatigue (5.44 ± 1.38 ), and lower in hazard monitoring(6.77±1.44) ,driving anxiety (6.03 ±1.46). Compared with unmarried drivers, married non-professional drivers scored higher in hazard monitoring and driving anxiety ,and lower in cognitive fatigue( married drivers:7.23±1.43,6.65±1.48,4.88±1.6; unmarried drivers :6.77±1.47,6.06±1.43,5.59±1.36, P ＜0.05 ). The non-professional drivers who drove more than 20 thousand kilometers scored higher in driving anxiety (6.89±1.41). Conclusion The non-professional drivers' stress isn' t optimistic, and influenced by their gender,age, marital state and driving experiences. Stress management should pay attention to them.

A sensitive, rapid and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of gabapentin in human plasma has been developed. After a single plasma protein precipitation with methanol, gabapentin and metformin (internal standard) were chromatographed on a Inertsil ODS-3 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm ID, 3 microm) with mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.2 mL x min(-1). Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 172 --> m/z 154 and m/z 130 --> m/z 71 were used to quantify gabapentin and metformin, respectively. The run time was 2.2 min. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 40.8-8.16x10(3) ng x mL(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 40.8 ng x mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) was less than 12%, and the accuracy (RE) was within +/-6.4% calculated from quality control (QC) samples. The method was used to determine the concentration of gabapentin in human plasma after a single oral administration of 600 mg gabapentin capsule to 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers. The method was proved to be selective, sensitive, rapid and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of gabapentin in human plasma.

Raman spectroscopy has generated many branches during the development for more than 90 years. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves SNR by using the interaction between tested materials and the surface of rough metal, as to quickly get higher sensitivity and precision spectroscopy without sample pretreatment. This article describes the characteristic and classification of SERS, and updates the theory and clinical application of SERS. It also summarizes the present status and progress of SERS in various disciplines and illustrates the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the application for SERS in microbiology.
Microbiology ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets

Objective To investigate the value of macrophage activity imaging (MAI) in the diagnosis of brain and spinal cord lesions in rat model of multiple sclerosis(MS). Methods Twenty LEW rats were divided into 15 model rats and 5 control rats. MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by the injection of peptide 35-55 of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ( MOG35-55 ). MRI was performed on the third day of the acute stage of disease. The brain and spinal cord of rats were scanned by 3.0 T MR scanner( Siemens Trio Tim) with quadrature wrist joint coil.The T2W and T1 W images, Gadolinium enhanced T1 W images in 3D volume were obtained respectively. The MAI were obtained at 24 hours after intravenous injection of ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) as contrast medium on T2WI. The workstation with special software was used for the reconstruction images of brain and spinal cord of rat in multiple orientations. Results Fifteen MOG35-55-EAE rats model of MS were successfully induced. The great majority lesions of central nervous system in acute stage were located in the brain( 58/63 ) and less in the spinal cord (5/63). The main manifestation of EAE lesions presented was hyperintensity on T2 WI and hypointensity on T1 WI, and some lesions had enhancement after Gd-DTPA injection. The EAE lesions presented as hypointensity on MAI images, but some of them were found to be isointensity on T2 WI. The enhancement pattern was discrepant between USPIO and Gd-DTPA.The sensitivity of depicting lesions of MOG35-55-EAE rat at acute stage were higher on T2WI ( 14/15 ) and MAI ( 13/15 ), and the detection rate was 100% ( 15/15 ) if they were combined. Gd-DTPA enhanced T1 WI had a lower sensitivity (7/15). All the MAI findings were negative in the control rats. Conclusions MAI can complement the drawback of conventional MRI techniques by continuously monitoring the inflammatory activity of EAE lesions, and it could raise the detection rate of EAE lesions by combining with T2WI. Gd-DTPA enhanced T1 WI monitors the breakdown of the blood brain barrier. MAI and Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging are complementary in the diagnosis and monitoring of EAE lesions.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features and therapeutic efficacy of middle ear adhesion.METHODS The clinical data of 40 cases of middle ear adhesion collected during 5 years from 2002 to 2007 were studied retrospectively. RESULTS Part or all of the tympanic membrane of the patients did not move under Siegle otoscopy. The lesions of middle ear adhesion were extensive and invaded all middle ear structures including round and oval windows.The lesions were severe, especially in narrow anatomical spaces such as mesotympanum,hypotympanum and interossicular spaces.Pure tone audiometry showed that average air-bone gap (A-B gap) were (35.34?6.99) dB preoperatively.The average A-B gap were (18.47?5.76) dB 6 months after operation.Follow-up observations and postoperative CT scan showed that tympanic membranes and middle ear cavity recovered well.CONCLUSION There are various degrees of tympanic fibrous adhesion and atelectatic tympanum in middle ear adhesion,especially in mesotympanum, hypotympanum and interossicular spaces.The middle ear adhesion can be treated with operation.The key points for a successful operation include preserving normal tympanum mucosa,opening eustachian tubes, making a bigger middle ear cavity,and performing tympanoplasty with perichondrium-cartilage plates.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between damages of visual field and retinal nerve fibre layer(RNFL)thickness in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with high myopia.Design Retrospective,case-controlled study.Participants POAG group with high myopia(21 eyes of 17 cases),POAG group with non-high myopia(17 eyes of 16 cases),high myopia group without POAG(25 eyes of 20 cases)and normal control group(19 eyes of 17 cases).Methods The static central visual fields were tested with Humphrey 750 automated perimetry and thickness of RNFL was measured with optical coherent tomography(OCT).Main Outcome Measures Mean deviation(MD),pattern standard deviation(PSD)and mean sensitivity at upper,lower,nasal and temporal quadrants in total deviation probability plots.Thickness of RNFL at upper,lower,nasal and temporal quadrants.Results There were more obvious general depression of sensitivity in total deviation probability plots of the early POAG with high myopia than those of POAG without high myopia,and the early visual field defects of glaucoma in pattern deviation probability plots of this group.MD of POAG with high myopia was more than those of others(P＜0.05).The differences of MD,PSD and mean sensitivity between POAG with high myopia and others were significant(P＜0.05).Mean sensitivities in each quadrant of POAG without high myopia were similar to those of high myopia(P＞0.05).The thickness of RNFL of POAG with high myopia was thinner than those of others and the thickness of RNFL of normality was thicker than that of others.The correlationship between mean sensitivity and the thickness of RNFL in each quadrant was significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pattern deviation probability plots is an important favor for judgement of the visual field changes in POAG with high myopia.The relationship between RNFL thickness with OCT and visual field damage may provide clinically relevant information in diagnosis of POAG with high myopia

Water soluble extract (WSE) is an important index for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix (AR). In this study, the WSE of the wild AR from Shanxi province (SX) and the cultivated AR from Gansu Province (GS) were compared. The WSEs of two types of AR were determined according to the appendix of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then the WSEs were subjected to NMR analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using HCA, PCA, OPLS-DA, microarray analysis, and Spearman rank analysis. In addition, the Pearson correlation of differential metabolites were also calculated. The results showed that the WSE content of GS-AR (37.80%) was higher than that of SX-AR (32.13%). The main constituent of WSE was sucrose, and other 18 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, were also detected. Multivariate analysis revealed that SX-AR contained more choline, succinic acid, citric acid, glutamate, taurine and aspartate, while GS samples contained more sucrose, arginine and fumaric acid. In addition, the Pearson correlations between different metabolites of the two types of AR also showed apparent differences. The results suggested that the WSE of two types of AR differs not only in the content, but also in the chemical compositions. Thus, the cultivation way is important to the quality ofAR. This study supplied a new method for the comparison of extract of herbal drugs.