Objective To explore the mechanism of the low-frequency electrical stimulate on pedunculopontine nu-cleus to treat the Parkinson (PD) through observinge the low-frequency electrical stimulation of Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in PD rat model and the effects of neurotransmitters (GPi) neurons discharge in the medial part of the globus pallidus. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly assigned to the control group and the PD model group, with 15 in each group. PD model was established through injecting 6-OHDA into Substantia nigra compact (SNc) of black rat. Effect of low frequency electrical stimulation, micro-electrophoresis glutamate (Glu) and its receptor blocking breaking agent MK-801,γ-aminobu-tyric acid (GABA) and its receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC) on discharge of rat neuron GPi was examined using extracel-lular unit recording methods through seven glass microelectrode recording. Results When stimulated by low frequency electrical stimulation of PPN, reactions from the control group and neuronal response GPi in PD rats were inhibited. The aver-age discharge frequency was reduced compared to pre-stimulation (P < 0.01). Micro-electrophoresis and BIC Glu excite neurons while microiontophoresis MK-801 and GABA restrain neurons. In the background of micro-electrophoresis BIC’s excitatory effects on neuron, low-frequency electrical stimulation on PPN reduced neuronal firing frequency. And in the background of inhibition effect of micro-electrophoresis MK-801, low-frequency stimulation PPN further restrain neuronal discharge frequency. Conclusion Low frequency electrical stimulation inhibits GPi PPN neuronal activity probably though regulating neurons projecting to the Glu and GABA nerve pathways in GPi neuron.

Objective To verify the application value of the Oxford classification in child IgA nephropathy (IgAN) .Methods The clinical and pathological data by renal biospy in 123 children patients with IgAN from January 2010 to September 2013 were collected and retrospectively analyzed .84 cases were followed up .The results were divided into 4 grades(A ,B ,C ,D) based on the manifestations at the end of follow‐up .Finally the pathological analysis was performed .Results Among 123 cases ,the clinical man‐ifestations were dominated by nephrotic syndrome (42 .28% ) ,followed by hematuria complicating proteinuria (24 .39% ) .The scores of 4 pathological indexes were dominated by M 1 (82 .11% ) ,E1 (53 .66% ) ,S0 (59 .35% ) and T0 (82 .11% ) respectively ;the mesangial cells proliferation and endocapillary proliferation were related with the hematuria severity (P<0 .01);mesangial cells pro‐liferation ,endocapillary proliferation and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the edema occurrence ( P<0 .05);the mesangial cells proliferation ,segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the average arterial pressure increase(P<0 .05) .4 pathological indexes were related with 24 h urinary protein amount(P<0 .01);the segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the decrease of the estimated glo‐merular filtration rate(P<0 .01) .84 cases were successfully followed up ,the clinical outcome was grade A in 43 cases(51 .19% ) , grade B in 30 cases(31 .71% ) ,grade C in 8 cases(9 .52% ) and grade D in 3 cases(3 .57% ) .Only the renal tubule atrophy/intersti‐tial fibrosis was related with prognosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The Oxford classification has certain relation with clinical indexes of children with IgAN .Only the renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis are the risk factors of prognosis .

Objective To determine the value of complexed prostate-specific antigen (cPSA) in predicting metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.Methods From January 2012 to April 2014,the clinical data of 74 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in our hospital was retrospective reviewed.The prostate cancer was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and postoperative pathologic diagnosis.The patients were divided to 2 groups according to metastases status.There were 38 patients in the group of metastasis and 36 patients in the group of without metastasis.In metastasis group,the bone metastasis was found in 36 cases.There is only one case with lung metastasis and one case with lymph node metastasis.In the group without metastasis,the T stages classification were T1-T2 in 17 cases and T3-T4 in 19 cases.While,10 cases with T1-T2 stage and 28 cases with T3-T4 stage were confirmed in the group with metastasis.There was no statistical significance of T stages and mean age in two groups (P＞0.05).The level of cPSA in the serum was detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay,the level of tPSA,fPSA were detected by electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay,fPSA/tPSA,cPSA/tPSA were evaluated and the corresponding specificity were calculated.The correlation of age with tPSA,cPSA were analysed.The differences in PSA,fPSA/tPSA,cPSA/tPSA were compared between metastasis and non-metastasis group.ROC curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of cPSA and tPSA,In the meantime,area of ROC curves were compared by Z test.Results The age was not related to the value of tPSA (r=-0.09,P=0.12) and cPSA(r=-0.38,P=0.14).The median levels of tPSA,fPSA,and cPSA are 29.88μg/L,2.18 μg/L and 18.86 μg/L in the group without metastasis,respectively.The median levels of tPSA,fPSA,and cPSA were 410.05 μg/L,51.50 μ.g/L and 290.40 μg/L in the group with metastasis,respectively.Significant differences of those results could be found in two groups (P＜0.05).fPSA/tPSA was 0.07 and cPSA/tPSA was 0.79 in the group without metastasis.fPSA/tPSA was 0.08 and cPSA/tPSA was 0.80 in the group of metastasis.fPSA/tPSA (P=0.77),cPSA/tPSA (P=0.64) in patients with metastasis were not greater than in those without metastasis (P＞0.05).The area under the curve of tPSA and cPSA were 0.83 (95％ CI 0.73-0.93) and 0.82 (95％CI 0.73-0.92) respectively.Analysis of ROC curves showed that the AUC for cPSA is not significant different from tPSA (Z=1.64,P=0.10).The specificity of cPSA was 22.2％ which is higher than that of tPSA (19.4％) at a sensitivity of 92.1％ in predicting metastasis comparing with the patients without metastasis.The sensitivity could reach to 90.0％ when the cut off value of tPSA was 9μg/L or the cut off value of cPSA was 7 μg/L.Conclusions In our study,a preliminary validation that cPSA is useful for predicting the metastasis in patients with prostate cancer was made.

Arginine Deiminase(ADI) was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation,Q-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography and SephadexG-75 gel filtration chromatography. This purification protocol resulted in a 34.5-fold purification of ADI with 31.4% final yield. A molecular weight of about 190 kD determined by native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has only one kind of 46 kD subunit determined by SDS-PAGE. Combining the results from the two kinds of electrophoresis,the authors deduce that the enzyme may be a tetramer. The optimum pH and temperature for lipolytic activity of ADI was pH 6.5 and 50℃,respectively. It was extremely stable at 45℃ and retained 97.9% of its original activity for 30 min. The stability declined rapidly as soon as the temperature rose over 50℃. ADI was highly stable in the pH range from pH 5-8. ADI acted on L-arginine but not on D-arginine. ADI catabolism was dependent on metal ions. At their adequate concentration,Mn2+,Mg2+ and Co2+ were the effective promoter,while superfluous Zn2+and Co2+ inhibited ADI activity. L-citrulline did not act on ADI,but L-ornithine inhibited ADI activity. The degradation of L-arginine with ADI catalysis was according to simple Michaelis-Menten equation. The Michaelis constant was 3.2686 mmol/L and the maxi-mum velocity was 2.44 ?mol/min.

Objective To study the effect of different mechanical ventilation modes and parameters on intragastric pressure and digestive function. Methods Forty patients suffered respiratory failure were selected in the study. In different modes and parameters of mechanical ventilation, a multi-channel physiological signal recording device was used to monitor the intra-trachea pressure (ITP), intra-gastric pressure (IGP) synchronously, and the emptying time of stomach, pH value and total bile acid (TBA) concentration in gastric fluid of patients. Results (1) For three types of ventilation mode(PSV,SIMV and CMV), ITP was the lowest in group PSV, the highest was in group CMV and the middle was in group SIMV. With the in-crease in ITP, IGP was also increased. CMV was the most influencing factor for the IGP (P＜0.01). In different PEEP values, the greater the PEEP, the higher the ITP. (2) Under mechanical ventilation support, when ITP increased, the emptying time of stomach decreased (P＜0.01), the concentration of TBA increased (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant change in pH value of gastric fluid (P>0.05). Conclusion Various mechanical ventilation modes and parameter settings induced differ-ent ITP, thereby affecting the IGP and gastric emptying. The digestive function can be promoted by choosing the appropriate mechanical ventilation mode and parameters.

The study on the effective core formulae (CEF) not only summarized traditional chinese medicine (TCM) treatment experience, but also helped reveal the underlying knowledge in the formulation of TCM prescriptions. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the method of data mining for the discovery of core effective formulae for lung cancer. In the present study, a prescription fingerprint approach was used to characterize the staged prescription information of patients. The D index was used to screen potential beneficial herbs. Then, based on a herbal compatibility network, the maximal clique searching algorithm (BK algorithm) and survival analysis were applied to discover CEF for lung cancer, and a mining analysis was made for the 322 cases from Longhua hospital. The correlation between prescriptions and survival time was analyzed by prescription fingerprints. Forty-three potentially beneficial herbs were obtained, and two CEFs were significant for the survival time by a parametric survival model based on lognormal distribution, the results were verified by a multivariate survival model. The rules of combination of the two CEFs basically conform to TCM onco-therapeutic theory of strengthening the body resistance and the actual conditions in clinic. All results showed that the established approach was feasible for discovering the core effective formulae for lung cancer and mining survival data for complex TCM onco-therapy.
Algorithms ; Data Mining ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Survival Analysis

L-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) is the main free amino acid component of tea and its favorable physiological effects on mammals have been reported. An enzymatic method for optically pure L-theanine production with a new L-aminoacylases-production fungi Cunnighamella echinulata 9980 was developed. The optimum conditions for enzymatic catalysis were at pH 6.5 with 50 mmol/L N-Acyl-DLtheanine and 40 mmol/L CoCl2. After 12-h incubation at 50℃,22.5 mmol/L L-theanine was obtained, the conversion rate against N-Acyl-L-theanine being 90%. Cunnighamella echinulata and the aminoacylase were applied in preparation of L-theanine.

Objective • To observe the effect of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on the colonic motility in diabetic mice and investigate the mechanism. Methods • The mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The smooth muscle strips and segments of colons were isolated. The effects of PAR2 agonist on colonic motility were observed by muscle strip tension contraction and colonic migrating motor complex experiments. The effect of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK3 channel) antagonist on it was also observed. Results • PAR2 agonist inhibited colonic motility and colonic smooth muscle was more sensitive to PAR2 agonist in diabetic mice. PAR2 agonist-induced inhibition was inhibited by SK3 channel antagonist. Conclusion • PAR2 activity in diabetic mice colons is significantly enhanced, which may inhibit colonic motility through SK3 channel.

Objective: To study the impact of depression on tobacco use among adolescents in Shanghai, and to provide reference for the development of effective youth tobacco control measures. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 10 557 middle school students in Shanghai. The survey was conducted using the Global Youth Tobacco Questionnaire (WHO) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2-Item Chinese Version (PHQ-2). Results: Among the respondents, the incidence of depression motion was 12.4%. Both the current smoking rate (8.0% vs 2.5%) and future smoking intention (14.2% vs 4.6%) among students with depression were higher than those without depression (P=0.000). Compared with those without depression, the risks of current smoking and future smoking intention among youth with depression were 1.56 times (95% CI 1.16-2.10) and 1.92 times (95% CI 1.54-2.40) respectively. In addition, the risk of smoking behavior was higher among female with depression than male students, as well as junior high school students than senior high school students. Conclusion: Depression is one of the influencing factors of tobacco use in adolescents. Schools and society should attach importance to the mental health maintenance of adolescents, carry out school-based preventive measures actively, and pay attention to high-risk groups such as female and junior school students with depression particularly.

Objective To investigate the effects of repeated neonatal administration of dizocipline maleate (MK-801), the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NMDAR 1 (NR1), NMDAR2A (NR2A), NMDAR2B (NR2B) and the protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in neonatal rats. Methods Neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into research group and control group, with 15 ani-mals in each group. Rats were administrated subcutaneously with MK-801 or normal saline from postnatal day (PND) 5 to PND14 (0.25 mg/kg, twice a day). The expression levels of NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NGF were examined on PND15, PND42 and PND70 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results At PND15 (neonatal period), there were no signifi-cant differences in the expression levels of NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NGF in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus be- tween the two groups (P>0.05). At PND42 (adolescence), NGF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex was significantly low-er in research group than in control group [(56.19±37.87) vs. (152.54±53.92), P<0.01]. At PND70 (adulthood), the expres-sion of NR1, NR2A in the hippocampus was significantly higher in research group than in control group [NR1:(149.55%± 27.00%) vs. (100.00%±32.08%);NR2A:(171.54%±19.85%) vs. (100.00%±51.04%). P<0.05]. Conclusion Neonatal re-peated treatment of MK-801 increases the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A in the hippocampus in adulthood while decreases the expression of NGF in the prefrontal cortex in adolescence, suggesting that neonatal block-ade of the NMDA receptor may influence the growth and development of the nervous system.