1.Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity: Correlation with other radiologic findings in acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion
Chan-Chan Li ; Le-Kang Yin ; Xiao-Xue Zhang ; Xiao-Zhu Hao ; Jia-Qi Tian ; Zhen-Wei Yao ; Xiao-Yuan Feng ; Yan-Mei Yang
Neurology Asia 2017;22(3):193-202
Objective: To assess fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyper-intensity (FVH) and
explore its relationship with CT perfusion (CTP) penumbral/infarct core mismatch ratio and diffusion
weighted imaging (DWI) final infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with middle
cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: The CTP and MRI images of 38 AIS patients with MCAO
were reviewed. The FVH score (longitudinal direction) [FVH score (L)] and FVH score (transverse
direction) [FVH score (T)] were quantified on the FLAIR images. The FVH score (L) (range, 0-16)
was based on a rostrocaudal extension of FVH and the FVH score (T) (range, 0-3) was based on FVH
supply of the occluded MCA territory. The mismatch ratio was calculated from the ratio of the [mean
transit time - cerebral blood volume (CBV)] lesion/CBV lesion on the CTP images. The DWI infarct
volume was measured on the DWI images. Results: The mismatch ratio was larger for the group of
FVH score (L)=7~8 than those of FVH score (L)=5~6 and FVH score (L)=3~4 (p=0.03), whereas
the DWI infarct volume was smaller (p=0.04). Similarly, the mismatch ratio of FVH score (T)=2~3
group was larger than FVH score (T)=1 group (p=0.01), whereas the DWI infarct volume was smaller
(p=0.02). Both FVH score (L) and FVH score (T) correlated positively with mismatch ratio (P=0.02,
P=0.001, respectively), but negatively with DWI infarct volume (P=0.03, P=0.004, respectively).
Conclusions: Higher FVH score is associated with larger mismatch ratio and smaller DWI infarct
volume in AIS patients with MCAO. FLAIR vascular hyperintensity may represent collateral arterial
circulation, and may play a role in protecting the ischemic penumbra.
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
2.Effectiveness of Oral Hygiene Instruction on the Periodontal Health Among Adults: A Systematic Review
Jia Le Chan ; Basaruddin Ahmad ; Sarliza Yasmin Sanusi ; Mohd Zulkarnain Sinor
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2022;17(1):1-8
ABSTRACT
Oral health professionals frequently provide oral hygiene instruction (OHI) during dental visits, yet
the evidence for its effectiveness is inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to examine the
evidence on the effectiveness of various oral hygiene teaching approaches on periodontal health in adults.
The study searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases for reports published between
January 2000 and June 2020 in the English language. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated
using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by
two authors. Overall, five reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of outcome
measurements across studies did not allow for direct comparison. Verbal and brochures were among
the methods used in the studies. OHI was found to have short-term (up to 13 weeks) effects on dental
plaque levels and/or gingiva bleeding. No significant differences were noted among the different oral
hygiene methods affecting periodontal health. There is evidence that OHI is effective in reducing plaque
and gingival bleeding scores in adult individuals, but it is still unclear if the effect continues beyond 13
weeks. No single method can be highlighted as the best medium of instruction.
Oral Hygiene
;
Periodontal Diseases
;
Adult
3.Baicalin Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through p38 MAPK/NLRP3 Pathway
Jin-chan XIA ; Ren-yuan CONG ; Jing YUAN ; Xiao-qi GUO ; Long FENG ; Ying SUN ; Jia-le CHEN ; Jia-jia ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2022;28(2):79-86
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanism of baicalin (BA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats. MethodEighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, low-dose BA (BA-L) group, medium-dose BA (BA-M) group, high-dose BA (BA-H) group, dexamethasone (DEX) group, SB203580 group, and BA + SB203580 group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the BA-L, BA-M, and BA-H groups were injected intraperitoneally with different doses (10, 50, 100 mg·kg-1) of BA solution, the ones in the DEX group with 5 mg·kg-1 DEX solution, the ones in the SB203580 group with 0.5 mg·kg-1 SB203580 solution, the ones in the BA + SB203580 group with 100 mg·kg-1 BA solution and 0.5 mg·kg-1 SB203580, and those in both the control group and model group with the same volume of normal saline, once per day, for seven successive days. One hour after the last administration, rats in all groups except for the control group were given 5 mg·kg-1 LPS via intratracheal instillation for inducing the acute lung injury, whereas those in the control group received the same volume of normal saline solution. Twelve hours later, the lung tissues were sampled and stained with htoxylin-eosin (HE) for observing the pathological changes, followed by the counting of the total number of cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissue and the contents of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to determine the relative expression of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1 (Caspase-1) in the lung tissue. ResultCompared with the control group, the model group displayed inflammatory pathological changes in lung tissue, elevated wet/dry weight ratio, total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF, and ROS and MDA levels (P<0.01), decreased SOD activity (P<0.01), and up-regulated IL-1, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, p-p38 MAPK, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 expression (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, BA at different doses, SB203580, and BA + SB203580 all effectively alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue induced by LPS, reduce the lung wet/dry weight ratio, the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF, and ROS and MDA levels (P<0.05,P<0.01), enhanced the activity of SOD (P<0.05,P<0.01), and down-regulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6,TNF-α, p-p38 MAPK, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 in lung tissue (P<0.05,P<0.01). ConclusionBA has a protective effect against LPS-induced acute lung injury, which may be related to its inhibition of p38MAPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway and the improvement of inflammatory response.