Objective To evaluate the outcomes of distraction osteogenesis with mini external fixation in management of metacarpophalangeal bone defects after hand trauma.Methods From June 2010 to December 2015,16 patients with metacarpophalangeal bone defects after hand trauma received distraction osteogenesis at our department.They were 11 men and 5 women,from 20 to 45 years of age (average,32.5 years).There were altogether 20 bone defects:8 cases had single metacarpal bone defect,2 unilateral second and third metacarpal bone defects and 6 phalangeal shortening after repair of digital stump (involving thumb in 4 cases,index finger in one and index and middle fingers in one).The metacarpophalangeal bone defects averaged 1.8 cm (from 1.0 to 3.1 cm).Under the fluoroscopic guide,4 or 6 mini half-pins in one line were directly drilled into the dorsal aspect of the involved metacarpophalangeal bone before the Orthofix fixator was mounted.The proximal (18 digits) or distal (2 digits) osteotomy between the second and third pinholes was performed via the dorsal approach,The external fixator and pins were removed without anesthesia after callus maturation.Results Average follow-up period was 12.2 months (range,from 9 to 26 months).All the metacarpal bone defects were reconstructed and all the phalangeal shortenings were lengthened;the bony callus was completely calcified at the lengthened part.The mean lengthening was 1.9 cm (from 1.0 to 3.1 cm);the percentage of lengthening ranged from 26％ to 51％ (average,34％).The bone lengthening index (time cost by average 1 cm) was 70.9 d/cm (from 60.0 to 87.1 d/cm).According to the Tentative Assessment Criteria for Upper Extremity Function by Hand Surgery Society,Chinese Medical Association,the total activity of motion (TAM) was excellent in 13 cases,good in 4,fair in 2,and poor in one,yielding an excellent to good rate of 85.0％.Conclusion Distraction lengthening using mini external fixation is a valid option with a minor rate of complications which allows for early functional exercise to help restore the appearance and function of the affected fingers.

Objective Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by Smad7 and labeled with green fluores-cent mark.BMMSCs were implanted into rabbit glaucoma operational model and observed surviving condition.Methods Through BP and LR reaction,Smad7 with green fluorescent mark was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by bacterio-phage,filtered positive colony and picked out cell line.15 New Zealand white rabbits were enforced trabeculectomy with BMMSC, then following up cell survival condition.Results Smad7 expressed stable in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with sat-isfactory green fluorescent mark.BMMSC survived in rabbit trabecula with stable green fluorescent and effective ocular press.Con-clusion Smad7 with green fluorescent mark could be inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stably,and has ef-fective results in rabbit model.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of local administration of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on bone regeneration in a distraction osteogenesis model of rat fenur.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups A,B and C in this study.A distraction osteogenesis model was established in the left femur after osteotomy.At the end of distraction period,the bone regeneration area in group A was subjected to no treatment,that in group B to injection of phosphate buffer saline (PBS),and that in group C to injection of Tβ4.On days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively,the rats from each group were randomly sacrificed and processed for observation of bone regeneration in the distraction osteogenesis area using radiography,Micro-CT,histology and immunohistochemical staining.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of related genes as well.Results Radiography revealed that the bone regeneration in group C was superior to that in groups A and B on days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively.Micro-CT examination showed significantly increased bone volume (BV),bone mineral density (BMD) and ratio of bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) in group C on days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively,and significantly decreased ratio of bone surface area to bone volume on postoperative day 43 in comparison with groups A and B(P ＜ 0.05).HE staining indicated that local capillary density was significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B after local administration of Tβ4 in the distraction osteogenesis.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the capillary density and osteoblasts in group C were higher than in groups A and B.RT-PCR results revealed significantly higher expression of eNOS and Osterix mRNA in the local callus in group C on postoperative day 22 than in groups A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Local administration of thymosin β4 may promote bone formation,which is probably related to the increased expression of eNOS and Osterix.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in regenerative nodules(RNs)and small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC).Methods Thirty-four cases of liver cirrhosis with small nodule were examined by CEUS.Among these cases,18 cases with 20 lesions were diagnosed s HCC,16 cases with 18 lesions were diagnosed RN eventually,all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Perfusion characteristic and quantitative difference of RNs and sHCC were summarized.Results ①The majority of sHCC showed hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase,iso-enhancement or hypo-enhancement during the portal phase,hypo-enhancement during the late phase.The enhanced phase and degree of RNs were diverse,most of RNs showed iso enhancement during the three phases.The enhanced phase of two groups had significant difference(P ＜0.05).②The enhancement type of RNs and sHCC had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).③ 11 of 20 sHCC lesions showed contrast-enhancement pattern of fast-in and slow-out,9 lesions were fast-in and fast-out;among 18 RNs,1 lesion enhanced during the portal phase and the late phase,it didn't enhanced during the arterial phase,3 lesions started to enhanced at the late arterial phase,14 lesions were iso-enhancement during the three phases.④Comparison of parameters of RNs and the adjacent liver parenchyma had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Compared with the adjacent liver parenchyma or RNs,the arrival time and peak time were shorter,the peak intensity and the curve sharpness were higher in sHCC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS is a useful method to distinguish RNs and sHCC in liver cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in the preoperative and postoperative treatment of bedsore united with skin flap.Methods Twenty two cases with bedsore were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.In the control group,the surgery of flap was performed after the treatment of continuous negative pressure about 7-10 days and the VAC was not applied after operation.While in the experimental group,VAC was not used before operation.It was applied on flaps as soon as sutured the border of flap and decubitus ulcers and removed after 7-10 days.By comparing the general appearance of two groups,microvessel count and the detection rate of bacterial culture and other indicators,the clinical effects of two treatments were investigated and the preliminary mechanism was analyzed.Results After preoperative VAC treatment,11 cases of control group showed a little granulation tissue growth,less subcutaneous hematoma and wound effusion,increased microvessel count and negative bacterial culture.However,there were 4 cases of death cavity residual,subcutaneous hematoma and wound effusion,positive bacterial culture and another 4 cases of delayed healing with skin flap repairing bedsore.The application of VAC in experimental group showed close contact of flap with the basement,less effusion,increased microvessel count and negative bacterial culture.One case of skin flap had a small area of separation,after the dressing of skin and the flap survived.The other wounds healed by first intention.Conclusions The use of VAC to repair bedsore can reduce the number of operation,and it is beneficial to the flap survival.

Objective To evaluate the value of MicroPure imaging system of ultrasonography in display of breast calcification,and explore its clinical application value.Methods One hundred and forty-one patients underwent by mammography,conventional ultrasound imaging and MicroPure imaging,the mammography results were reference standard,observing the display rate of MicroPure imaging for calcification,and the value of MicroPure imaging in the display of calcification with different shapes on mammography.As the pathologic diagnosis was golden standard,the accuracy of diagnosis of conventional ultrasound,conventional ultrasound combined with MicroPure imaging,conventional ultrasound combined with mammography were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Results The display case of calcifications within breast masses:the specificity of MieroPure imaging was lower than conventional ultrasound(88.14％ vs 100％,P ＜ 0.05),the sensitivity and accuracy were higher than conventional ultrasound(100％ vs 62.79％,93.14％ vs 84.31 ％,P ＜0.05).The display case of microcalcifications within normal breast tissue:the specificity and accuracy of MicroPure software system were lower than conventional ultrasound(9.26％ vs 100％,43.87％ vs 65.96％,P ＜0.05),the sensitivity was higher than conventional ultrasound (100％ vs 20.00％,P ＜0.05).The punctate calcification,amorphous calcification,rough uneven,pleomorphic calcifications on mammography were all hyperechoic spots on MicroPure software system.The area under the ROC curve of the conventional ultrasound,conventional ultrasound combined with MicroPure imaging,conventional ultrasound combined with MicroPure imaging was 0.881,0.858,0.932,respectively.Conclusions MicroPure imaging has some clinical value on microcalcifications within breast masses,which can improve its sensitivity and accuracy.The specificity of MicroPure imaging diagnostic ultrasound imaging of microcalcifications were lower,and it can not distinguish between different shapes of calcifications.Compared with conventional ultrasound,MicroPure imaging system can not improve the accuracy of diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Papers published by 70 public hospitals in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2015 were retrieved from CNKI, China Citations Database, and Wanfang Database. The scientific papers and their research hot spots were analyzed in aspects of the total number of published papers and different institutions-published papers, high output authors, cited papers, journals that published the papers, and foundation-supported papers in order to provide reference for subsequent research and policy-making.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible effect of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF -beta(1)) on the development of renal fibrosis in human mesengial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry method, sirius red staining polarization microscopy and the computer imaging analysis system were used to detect the expression of TGF-beta(1), the distribution of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV.

RESULTIn MsPGN with renal fibrosis, collagen IV was increased markedly,and collagen I and collagen III appeared in the expanded mesengial matrix abnormally. Collagen III and collagen IV were increased markedly in tubulointerstitium. TGF-beta(1) expression was positively correlated with the expression of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV in tubulointerstitium (r=0.82 0.92,P<0.01), and negatively correlated with I/III, I/IV and III/IV (r=-0.83,-0.92, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal increase of TGF-beta(1) may be one of the important factors associated with glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis through the increment and abnormal distribution of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV.

Collagen ; analysis ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

To study the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Baeckea Frutescens L., a new flavonol glycoside, named 6, 8-dimethylkaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (1), together with seven known compounds: quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic acid (7) and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methoxylpropionyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (8) were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and recrytallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 8 was first isolated from plant.
Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Toluene ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an acquired immune system existing in archaea and bacteria with the long-term process of evolutionary.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is a new type of gene editing technology developed based on the system.CRISPR/Cas9 is a more efficient method for gene targeting than the previous methods.It has been successfully applied for gene-modified of eukaryotes since 2012,but the reports about pathogenic microorgaisms are rarely.Here,the research progress in the structure,mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications on pathogenic microorgaisms is reviewed.