Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to examine its relationship with the severity and prognosis in the critically ill children. Methods A total of 83 critically ill children admitted from November 1,2010 to December 9,2010 to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. Serum 1,25 - Dihydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured by using an en-zyme - linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Anthropometric parameters such as height/ length and weight of the chil-dren were measured. Data collection also included primary disease,Pediatric Critical Illness Score(PCIS),the Pediatric Risk of Mortality Ⅲ(PRISM Ⅲ)score,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome( MODS)rate,mechanical ventilation rate,time of hospital of stay and the 28 - day survival rate. Results There were 32 cases with vitamin D deficiency on admission,vitamin D deficiency rate on admission was 38. 6% ,and there was no statistically significant difference among different primary disease groups(P = 0. 815). Vitamin D deficiency rate of malnutrition group was lower than that of the normal group[60. 0%(12 / 20 cases)vs 40. 0%(8 / 20 cases),χ2 = 5. 989,P = 0. 014]. PCIS scores of those with a normal vitamin D status was higher than those of the vitamin D deficiency group,showing a significant difference [(80. 47 ± 6. 18)scores vs(77. 16 ± 7. 59)scores,P = 0. 022]. PCIS score was positively correlated with the vitamin D level(r = 0. 267,P = 0. 015). There was no statistically significant difference among the PRISM score,MODS rate, mechanical ventilation rate,hospital stay length and the 28th day survival rate between the normal vitamin D group and the vitamin D deficiency group(all P ﹥ 0. 05). Conclusions A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is found in the critically ill children. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with malnutrition is higher. Vitamin D status may be correlated to the severity of the critically ill children,but the association with the prognosis is not obvious.

Objective To investigate the effects of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in children with severe pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten children suffering severe pneumonia-related ARDS with APRV were included in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from March 2011 to October 2014.Ventilation variables, changes of airway pressure and Ramsay scores were collected and compared with that in conventional ventilation (CV).Clinical variables were measured at CV before APRV and at 1,4,12,24 hours after transition to APRV.Results High airway pressure(Phigh) at each time point during APRV was significantly lower than peak airway pressure (Ppeak) or plateau airway pressure (Pplat) in CV[(26.00 ±2.94) cmH2O(1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa) ,(24.40 ±3.34) cmH2O,(23.30 ±3.46) cmH2O,(23.00 ± 3.80) cmH2O vs (31.80 ± 5.59) cmH2O, P ＜ 0.01].Mean airway pressure (Pmean) at each time point during APRV was significantly higher than that in CV [(23.00 ± 2.86) cmH2 O, (21.69 ± 3.12) cmH2 O, (20.89 ± 3.31) cmH2 O, (20.46 ± 3.48) cmH2 O vs (17.50 ± 2.37) cmH2 O, P ＜ 0.05].Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) were significantly decreased at 4, 12 and 24 hours after APRV than that in CV [(73.00 ± 22.39) ％, (63.50 ± 20.16) ％, (63.00 ± 21.11) ％ vs (88.00 ± 15.49) ％, P ＜ 0.05].Ramsay scores were significantly decreased at each time point during after APRV than that in CV [(3.90 ± 0.74) scores, (2.90 ± 0.88) scores, (3.00 ± 1.15) scores,(3.50 ± 0.71) scores vs (4.60 ± 0.52) scores, P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Compared with CV, APRV had a lower Phigh and FiO2 ,a higher Pmean and more shallow sedation.APRV may be an effective ventilation mode in children's severe pneumonia-related ARDS.

The HPLC fingerprint determination method of Jinzhen oral solution was established to provide a new method for quality control of Jinzhen oral solution. RP-HPLC was used for phenomenex Luna C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column, with 0.1% H3 PO4 water solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. HPLC fingerprint of Jinzhen oral solution was established to identify 17 common peaks in Jinzhen oral solution. The similarity of fingerprints of 10 batches of finished products was more than 0. 90. The established HPLC fingerprint has a better precision, reproducibility and stability, and can be applied in quality control of Jinzhen oral solution.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

The abnormality of ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an important factor leading to the imbalance of protein homeostasis. In this process, the deubiquitinase responsible for removing the ubiquitin chain of protein substrate is very important. Its abnormal activity or expression can cause the functional changes of key oncogenic/tumor suppressor proteins, which directly or indirectly lead to the occurrence, development and malignant evolution of tumors. Based on this, the discovery and research of small molecule inhibitors targeting deubiquitinases have become a hot field of anti-tumor candidate drugs. This review will focus on the regulatory effect and mechanism of ubiquitin proteasome pathway, especially deubiquitinase on tumor, introduce the application of deubiquitinase small molecule inhibitors in tumor treatment, and discuss the research status and latest progress of small molecule inhibitors, so as to provide ideas for the research of new anti-tumor strategies based on deubiquitinase.

Absract: Objective To report the result of annual monitoring and analysis of nasopharyngeal virus in children with respiratory tract infections in Nanxiang, Shanghai District. Methods Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 4389 children with acute respiratory tract infection in outpatient department from January 2007 to September 2013, 9 common respiratory viruses were analyzed by Multiplex RT-PCR, including inlfuenza virus (FLU), parainlfuenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) , adenovirus (ADV), human bocavirus(HBOV), human coronavirus(Cov), enterovirus(EV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), and rhinovirus(HRV). The same analysis was done in 123 asymptomatic children during the same period. Results The positive rate of detected respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections in nasopharyngeal secretions were 34.8% (1526/4389), including FLU 10.3% (453/4389), RSV 7.3% (320/4389), PIV 6.2%(274/4389), ADV 3.3%(146/4389), HBOV 2.7%(118/4389), EV 2.5%(110/4389), Cov 2.4%(105/4389), HRV 1.6%(72/4389), HMPV 1.5%(67/4389);two and more combined respiratory viral infection were found in 273 cases (6.2%). The virus detection
rate between age groups was signiifcantly different (χ2=41.91, P<0.001). The school-age group had the lowest positive rate of 23.4%and the positive rates in other three groups were all higher than 35.0%. The infant group had the higher positive rate of RSV and HRV. FLU detection rate in school-age group was 13.6%. Respiratory viruses in children with asthmatic disease has high detection rate. RSV infection rate was the highest 14.8%(30/204) in the asthmatic disease group, followed by HBOV 13.8% (28/204). In nasopharyngeal secretions of 123 asymptomatic children, virus-positive detection rate of 6.5% (8/123), which showed signiifcant difference from that in respiratory virus infection group (χ2=42.60, P<0.001). Conclusions In seven consecutive years of testing, the inlfuenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus play an important role in children with respiratory tract infections in this region. The detection rate of virus showed difference between different age groups and a higher detection rate of RSV in infants with respiratory tract infections was observed. The overall detection rate of virus was decreased with the increase of age excluding the inlfuenza virus.

The COI gene as DNA barcode was used to identify the Manis pentadactyla and its adulterants in order to provide a scientific basis for the molecular identification of M. pentadactyla. Genomic DNA was extracted from experimental samples using the DNA extraction kit. The COI genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced bi-directionally. Obtained sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed by MEGA 6.0. The results indicated that COI sequences were successfully amplified and NJ trees results indicated that M. pentadactyla and its adulterants can be easily identification. Therefore, the COI gene is an efficient barcode for identification of M. pentadactyla and its adulterants,which will provide a new technique for the market supervision.
Animals ; Cattle ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Mammals ; classification ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control ; Sheep ; Swine

Adult ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Nitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Occupational Exposure ; Poisoning ; complications ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of fluvastatin (FLV) on the expression of β1 integrin in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated podocytes and its mechanism.Methods Cultured human podocytes were divided into PAN,different concentrations of fluvastatin (1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L),SOD,H2O21 groups respectively.Expressions of β1 integrin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in podocytes were detected by Western blotting and DCFHDA (2' 7'-Dichlorofluoresecein 3' 6'-diacetate) respectively.The viability of podocyte was determined by MTT colorimetry.Results PAN and H2O2 significantly decreased the expression of β1 integrin and increased the synthesis of ROS in podocytes (P＜0.05respectively).Lower concentration fluvastatin or SOD treatment up-regulated β1 integrin and downregulated ROS of podocytes induced by PAN (P＜0.05 respectively).MTT revealed that lower podocyte viability was found in higher concentration fluvastatin,PAN and H2O2 groups.Lower concentration fluvastatin and SOD could protect podocytes against PAN.Conclusion Fluvastatin attenuates the injury of podocyte induced by PAN and increases the expression of β1 integrin,whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the ROS activity.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of fluvastatin on the expression of fibronectin(FN) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) induced by high-glucose peritoneal dialysate (HGPDS).Methods Cultured HPMCs were randomly divided into control,HGPDS,HGPDS plus GSK650394 10-5 mol/L (the competitive inhibitor of SGK1),different concentrations of fluvastatin,fluvastatin 10-6 mol/L and GSK650394 10-5 mol/L alone.The morphology change of HPMC was observed by light microscopy.The cellular viability was detected by MTT colorimetry.The mRNA and protein expressions of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and FN were detected by RT-PCR,Western blotting or ELISA.Results After incubation with HGPDS,the cell morphology changed from typical cobblestone-like appearance to fibroblast-like appearance,and the cell viability was inhibited significantly (P＜0.05).Fluvastatin 10-6mol/L and GSK650394 could improved the cell morphology and the cell viability injured by HGPDS (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of SGK1 and FN increased significantly in HPMC treated with HGPDS(P＜0.05).GSK650394 significantly decreased the high expression of SGK1 and FN (P＜0.05),also the fluvastatin had same effects as GSK650394 in dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Conclusions High-glucose peritoneal dialysate can increase FN expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells,which can be attenuated by fluvastatin.The protective role of fluvastatin in HPMC may be partially achieved through the signal pathway of SGK1.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene, PcgstA was cloned from the penicillin producing strain Penicillium chrysogenum,which is important for understanding the industrial fermentation process. PcgstA gene has an open-reading-frame of 840 bp in length,which is interrupted by two introns. The deduced amino acid sequence shows about 50% identity to several characterized filamentous fungi GSTs. The recombinant PcGSTA in Escherichia coli were overexpressed and purified. Enzymatic assays showed that the recombinant PcGSTA had a specific activity with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene of (0.159±0.031) μmol/(min· mg). It was found that the expression level of PcgstA in the penicillin producing medium supplemented with phenylacetic acid, the side chain precursor of penicillin G, was significant down regulated than that in medium without phenylacetic acid. This result suggested that PcGST may be related to phenylacetic acid metabolism in the penicillin producing strain.