Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; physiology ; Humans

Animals ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligosaccharides ; metabolism ; Selectins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Acetyltransferases ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; S100 Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; physiopathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; physiopathology ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology

Objective To discuss the value of 256 spiral CT dynamic volume scanning in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease.Methods Twenty-three patients with moyamoya disease undergoing 256 spiral CT dynamic volume scanning (moyamoya group) were selected,and 18 patients having cerebrovascular disease symptoms,but the brain artery without stenosis (control group) were also selected.The volume reconstruction (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP) and cerebral CT perfusion imaging was displayed.The cerebral CT perfusion imaging parameters of anterior,middle,posterior cerebral artery were measured and analyzed.Results VR,MIP could well reproduce lesion location,degree of stenosis and skull base abnormal vascular network change.Compared with control group,the cerebral blood volume (CBV) was increased [(8.46 ±0.91) ml/100 g vs.(2.92 ±0.72) ml/100 g],time to peak (TTP) was increased [(30.27 ±5.02) s vs.(24.83 ±4.07) s] in anterior cerebral artery,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference in the cerebral blood flow (CBF),the mean transit time (MTT)(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with control group,CBV was increased [(8.06 ± 1.05) ml/100 g vs.(6.08 ± 0.56) ml/100 g],MTT,TTP was increased [(6.34 ± 1.01) s vs.(3.83 ± 0.83) s,(32.06 ± 2.55) s vs.(25.83 ± 2.34) s] in middle cerebral artery,and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference in CBF (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with control group,there was no significant difference in the cerebral CT perfusion imaging parameters of posterior cerebral artery (P ＞0.05).Conclusion 256 spiral CT dynamic volume scanning can be combined with morphology and function imagings,and has important guiding significance for diagnosis of moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND:Recent development of bioengineering technology and tissue-engineered nerve brings a new hope for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, which has gradual y become a research spot. OBJECTIVE:To review the new progress in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries using seed cells, biomaterials and tissue-engineered nerve construction technology. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI were searched by the first authors for articles concerning nerve tissue engineering and repair of peripheral nerve injuries published prior to July 2013. The keywords were“tissue engineering, peripheral nerves, nerve injuries, stem cells, Schwann cells, scaffold, growth factor”in English and Chinese, respectively. The articles published recently or in the authorized journals were preferred in the same field. Final y, 63 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Up to now, there is a great advance in the tissue engineering technology for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, most studies are stil in experimental step. For the clinical application of nerve tissue engineering, some problems to be solved include:(1) source and ethics of seed cells;(2) immunological rejection fol owing cellproliferation and transplantation;(3) stability and oncogenicity of transplanted cells;(4) degradation rate, optimal porosity, tube thickness and shape;(5) repair timing for in vitro tissue-engineered nerve construction;(6) local release and regulation of various neurobiological factors. With the development of science, many patients with nerve injuries can profit from the solve of these problems.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of CRC in a cohort under the age of 40 .Methods Using single center retrospective cohort study ,we reviewed the prospectively collected database of 2 897 colorectal cancer patients who had undergone curative CRC resections in Chongqing Medical University between 2010 and 2014 .175 patients (5 .8% ) were under 40 ,in which six patients for various reasons (including recurrent colorectal cancer hospital ,incomplete information ,etc .) were excluded .A group of 180 consecutive patients over the age of 40 undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in the same centre was used as control .Results There had no difference in tumor classification and tumor location between the younger group (<40) and the older group(>40) ,but the lymph node positive rate in younger group was higher ,unable to accurately grasp the preopera‐tive lymph node status ,lead to lack of preoperative staging ,and that made it difficult to preoperative treatment options .Conclusion Therefore ,to young people in colorectal preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation indications and the assurance of intraoperative re‐section range ,we need to do more consideration.

Humans ; Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Aortic Rupture/surgery* ; Death ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressing discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) gene on biological behaviour of Kupffer cells (KC) in acute hepatic injury. Methods Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, hepatic injury model, non-silencing siRNA and DDRlsiRNA groups. Hepatic injury model induced by intravenous injection of Con-canavalinA (ConA) 15 mg/kg, with or without hydrodynamic tail intravenous injection of naked siRNA (50 μg,2.0-2.5 mg/kg)/mouse or 1.5 ml normal saline. The expression of DDRI was assayed by West-ern blot and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyzed by ELISA. In the meantime, alanine amin-otransferase (ALT) and Kupffer cells'clearance to carbon granules was detected. Results The expres-sion of DDR1 obviously increasod at 6 h after hepatic injury, roached peak at 24 h and began to decrease at 48 h. Pretreatment with DDRisiRNA could obviously inhibit the expression of DDR1 and abrogate the high levels of ALT, expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as phagocytosis of Kupffer cells. Conclu-sions Inhibition of discoidin domain receptor 1 by in vivo delivery of siRNA attenuates ConA-induced hepatic injury. Possible mechanism is that the inhibition of activity of KC inhibits the expression of pro-in-flammatory cytokines and thus alleviates hepatic injury.

Objective The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a treatment for the failure of cardiopulmonary function after cardiac surgery is increasing and has been reported to be 3% to 5% in the cases with congenital heart disease. We reviewed our experience with ECMO in children who received heart surgery for congenital heart disease and complicated with severe heart failure postoperatively. Methods Eight patients received ECMO, seven was due to the failure to wean from bypass and one had fulminant myocarditis. Import membrane oxygenator,veno-arterial mode ECMO and right atriumascending aortic cannulation were used in 7 cases and peripheral cannulation via femoral veno-artery route was used in 1 case.Supportive intervention persisted from 65 to 498 hours, with flow rate maintained at 80 to 120 ml per minute per kilogram body weight. Results Five patients died, with a mortality of 62.5%, and 3 cases discharged, with a survival rate of 38%. Bleeding occurred in 5 cases, thrombosis occurred in 2 cases, hemolysis was identified in 1 case and DIC was observed in 1 case.One case had liver failure and 2 cases had malnutrition. Oxygenator plasma leakage occurred in 2 cases. Mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly after the establishment of ECMO as compared with that before the procedure [( 60.2 ± 7.8 )mmHg vs. (48. 1 ± 5.2 ) mmHg, P≤0.05]. The arterial concentration of lactate decreased significantly, from (5. 1 ± 0. 8 )mmol per liter before ECMO to ( 3.6 ±0. 5 )mmol per liter after ECMO, P ＜0.05. Conclusion For patients who survived the congenital heart surgery and no residual anatomic deformity, ECMO can be used as early as possible as a treatment for severe heart failure which resulted from coexistent of left and right ventricular and pulmonary insufficiency. An overall mortality may be decreased by ECMO technique as it plays a substitution role for gas exchange in the lung. As a result, the concentration of oxygen and the airway pressure used during ventilation, and the resultant lung injury can be reduced. Appropriate strategies involve transfusion of fresh platelet and packed red blood cells, replacement of frozen plasma and blood products, as well as rational use of vasoactive drugs and heparin, and maintaining a stable internal environment. Following strategies are also recommended: using continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration and durable heparin-coated membrne oxygenator, reducing hemorrhagic complications, monitoring pressure on both side of the film, identifying plasma leakage carefully and reducing the mechanical complications.