Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Citrullinemia ; Humans

Cancer metastasis is considered as a complex process involving a series of sequential steps and a variety of molecalar signal transduction pathways.Tumor recurrence and metastasis are major obstacles for long-term survival of Liver cancer patients.Although the prognosis after recurrence and metastasis is dismal,the advancement of molecular researches of metastasis of liver cancer seems promising.In studies of origins of metastasis of liver cancer,the primary cancer cell and corresponding metastatic liver cancer cells share similar gene signature,which indicates that genes favoring metastasis progression are initiated in the primary tumors.The metastasis of liver cancer may be an early event in hepatic carcinogenesis and progression.Some molecular signatures have been developed to classify the metastatic potential of liver cancer.Furthermore,a variety of studies demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment instead of tumor cells plays a more important role in liver cancer metastasis.The pre-metastatic niche composed of non-tumoral cells may promote the cancer cell sedimentation and progression.The theory of cancer stem cell speculates that cancer stem cells were the real source of recurrent or metastatic tumors.Cancer stem cells will be one of the main targets of liver cancer treatment.The prevention and treatment of liver cancer recurrence or metastasis are quite difficult because liver cancer is resistant to traditional chemotherapy.Targeting the molecules involved in the metastasis of liver cancer WOuld be promising to cure those diseases.

Homeobox gene family encode a kind of transcription regulatory factors,which can specifically combine and regulate target genes,control embryonic development,cell proliferation and differentiation.Several subfamilies of homeobox gene famiy are associated with the early stage of differentiation and development of nervous system,whose abnormal expression explain the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases.Further study between homeobox gene family and nervous system can help to prevent and treat that diseases.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased worldwide over the past two decades. Surgical resection and liver transplantation have been demonstrated as potentially curative treatment options, which could be considered in 30% -40% of HCC patients. Recent advancements of surgical treatment have focused not only on the surgical techpiques, but also the hepatic functional reserve evaluation, resectability assessment and the effects of biological characteristics of tumor on prognosis. There is no single variable to evaluate the hepatic functional reserve accurately. Combined Child-Pugh classification, ICGI5, portal vein pressure detection and remanent liver volume measurement are required prior to liver resection. The 5-year survival rate after liver resection for HCC is about 50%. The results are acceptable for some selected patients that underwent tumor resection with thrombectomy, including HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus or bile duct thrombosis. The choice of local resection or regular hepatectomy is still controversial although the former is commonly performed to treat HCC with cirrhosis, and the latter is applied to HCC patients without liver cirrhosis. The results of liver transplanta-tion for HCC are better than liver resection, and the Milan criteria is generally accepted. Any attempts to expand the selection criteria should be cautious because of organ shortage. Salvage transplantation for intrabepatic recurrence after liver resection may be a good choice in some resectable HCC. The recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment are the main obstacles to achieve better results. Identification of predictive factors could be helpful to develop prevention strategies. Due to the importance of biological characteristics in tumor recurrence and metastasis, a molecular classification to predict prognosis of HCC patients will lead to a more personalized medicine. Targeting key molecules of biological pathways could optimize the therapeutic modality in HCC.

Primary liver cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide, and it is the second cause of cancer death in China. A variety of molecular markers and signaling pathways associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression have been discovered in basic research in the recent decade. However, the 5 year survival of patients has not been remarkably improved, due in a large part to the late diagnosis and the limited treatment options. It seems that translational medicine should be accelerated to addres this problem. Translational medicine has been shown to bridge basic research and clinical practice in a B2B model: from bench to the bedside and bedside to the bench. It goes from the bench to bedside where theories emerging from preclinical experimentation are tested on patients, and from bedside to the bench, where information obtained from preliminary clinical sciences is used to refine the understanding of the biological principles. In liver cancer, diagnostic markers screening, development of molecular classification, and stratifying patients for targeted therapy are considered as exciting fields of translational medicine. The integration of basic and clinical sciences by translational medicine will improve not only the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, but also the clinical outcomes in patients with primary liver cancer.

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension(NCPH)is a group of diseases that show evidences of portal hypertension but no cirrhosis is present.Common causes of NCPH include pre-sinusoidal portal lesions such as portal vein thrombosis,congenital liver fibrosis and idiopathic portal hypertension,and post-sinusoidal portal lesions.The major feature of this group of diseases is well preserved liver function in spite of prominent portal hypertensive manifestations such as esophageal varices/gastrointestinal bleeding and splenomegaly/hypersplenism.Careful differentiation from cirrhosis requires thorough clinical,radiological and pathological investigation.Preventing and control of variceal bleeding and hypersplenism through medical,endoscopic and interventional procedures yield good prognosis in most of the patients with NCPH.

Objective To explore the neutral grain cell gelatinase associated lipid lipocalin(NGAL ) and β2 microglobulin (β2‐MG) predictive value of diabetic nephropathy(DN) .Methods From January 2015 to April 2016 in the hospital for 78 cases of DN patients recorded as the observation group ,and then 50 cases of healthy volunteers were choosen as the control group at the same period .NGAL ,β2‐MG ,BUN ,SCr and GFR levels were compared in the two groups .And the positive rate and correlation were ana‐lyzed .Results The levels of NGAL and β2‐MG in the observation group were(473 .21 ± 127 .09)ng/mL ,(2 .76 ± 0 .45)mg/L , which were significantly higher than that in the control group(61 .36 ± 14 .230)ng/mL ,(0 .81 ± 0 .14)mg / ,respectively .The posi‐tive rate of NGAL and β2‐MG in the observation group were 96 .15% (75/78) ,91 .03% (71/78) ,which were significantly higher than that of the control group of 2% (1/50) ,6% (3/50) .While the BUN ,SCr in observation groups were significantly higher than that in the control group ,while the level of eGFR was significantly lower than that of the control group ,the differences were statis‐tically significant(both P< 0 .05) .NGAL ,β2‐MG and BUN ,SCr showed positive correlation(R = 0 .812 ,P= 0 .000 ;R = 0 .728 ,P=0 .001 ;R = 0 .748 ,P= 0 .001 ;R = 0 .685 ,P = 0 .021 ) ,and eGFR showed a negative correlation (R = - 0 .415 ,P = 0 .000 ;R=- 0 .371 ,P= 0 .000) .Conclusion The level of NGAL and β2‐MG in DN patients is significantly increased ,NGAL ,β2‐MG levels are significantly correlated with BUN .

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on renal function and oxygen metabolism in brain injury patients . Methods 50patientswithcraniocerebralinjuryinthehospitalwereenrolledinthestudy,andwererandomlydividedintocontrol group(received conventional craniocerebral injury treatment ,25 cases) and observation group(received conventional craniocerebral injury treatment and ulinastatin treatment ,25 cases) .Then the renal function and oxygen metabolism related indicators of the two groups before the treatment and at third ,seventh and fourteenth day after the treatment were compared .Results The renal function and oxygen metabolism related indicators of observation group at third ,seventh and fourteenth day after the treatment were all ob‐viously better than those of control group ,the differences of the two groups after the treatment were significant(P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion The effect of ulinastatin on the renal function and oxygen metabolism of patients with craniocerebral injury are great ,and it has positive clinical significance for the improvement of patients′body function state .

Objective To invesgate hepatitis B c antigen(HBeAg)as the carrier to construct mixed hepatitis C virus(HCV)therapeutic vaccine.Methods Fused the pTrc-core gene with two synthetic T-epitope antigen gene of HCV,expressed the plasmids pTrc-core-T1 and pTrc-core-T2, applied sucrose density gradient centrifugation to get the fusion protein HBcAg-T1 and HBcAg-T2, dialysised and concentrated the protein,mixed and immunized them in mice using the protein HBcAg (expressed by pTrc-core)as control.The tumor regression trial in mice was evaluated at appropriate time.After immunized four times,got the blood and spleen of mice.Interleukin(IL)-12 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),nonspecific T lymphocytes prolifera- tion response of splenic lymphocytes was respectively examined by thiazolyl blue(MTT)assay.T cell subset of splenic lymphoeytes,IL-5 in serum,IL-4 and interferon(IFN)-?in lymphocyte were evalu- ated by FACS.Results Tumor regression trial showed the experimental group formed only one tumor(diameter=0.1 cm),smaller than the T_1T_2 peptides group(diameter=0.9 cm)and blank group(diameter=1.3 cm).FACS indicated that CD8~+ T cell percentage of spleen cells from HBcAg- T_1T_2 group(20.21?2.01)% was higher than T_1T_2 peptides group(15.33?1.45)% and blank group(5.09?1.66)%,the percentage of IFN-?positive cells in these three groups were(1.58?0.05)%,(0.88?0.02)% and(0.53?0.03)%.The ELISA discovered that the level of IL-12 in the experimental group was the highest.Different from above,the IL-4 and IL-5 were lower in the exper- imental group.The detection of eytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)activity showed that the quantity of Hela cells infected by HCV in HBcAg-T1T2 stimulated group was different obviously from T1T2 peptides group. Conclusion The mixed protein HBcAg-T1 and HBcAg-T2 can induce stronger cellular immunity and it is able to serve as a therapeutic vaccines candidate specific for HCV.