Objective: To study the clinicopathological characteristics，diagnosis，multiple modality therapy and prognosis of accessory breast cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 38 patients with accessory breast cancer seen in our hospital between October 1985 and November 2007. Results: The 38 cases of accessory breast cancer accounted for 0.15% of all 26,078 breast cancer cases during the same period.Six patients of stage Ⅰ and 3 patients of stage Ⅱ underwent breast-conserving local wide excision of the tumor plus axillary lymph node dissection,with the resection margins pathologically negative.The other 9 cases of stage Ⅱ patients were treated with Auchincloss mastectomy.Stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ patients were treated with Auchincloss or Halsted mastectomy.The most common histological type of accessory breast cancer was infiltrating ductal Carcinoma for 18 patients(47.4%)，of which 3 cases were associated with adenoma of the nipple tube.There were 6 cases of carcinoma simplex，6 cases of intraductal Carcinoma，3 cases of adenocarcinoma with focal squamous cancer cells differentiation，3 cases of medullary carcinoma，and 2 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma.The most common pathological stages(according to AJCC staging of breast cancer,2002.6th edition)were stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ in 12 cases(31.6%)，stage Ⅰ in 6 cases，and stage Ⅳ in 8 cases.All patients were followed-up for 1 to 23 years.The median follow-up time was 6 years and 7 months，and the follow-up rate was 100%.Until November 2008，12 patients died of metastasis and the other 26 patients were still alive.The 5-year overall survival rate was 35.3%.significantly lower than that of breast cancer patients(66.8%).The 3-year survival rate was 77.8%.The 5-year disease free survivaI rate was 28.6%and the 3-year disease free survival rate was 63.6%. Conclusion: Accessory breast cancer is rarely seen but is aggressive.The diagnosis mainly depends on clinical characteristics，postoperative pathology and imaging examinations.Early diagnosis is essential.Surgery combined with other adjuvant therapies can improve patient survival.

Objective To explore the influence of tranSCription factor FOXC2 in angiogenesis of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and to clarify the action mechanism of FOXC2 in promoting tumor angiogenesis.Methods FOXC2 gene and empty vector gene were transfected into breast cancer of MCF-7 cell line with FOXC2 lentivirus gene transfection technique to obtain stable transfection cell line. The MCF-7 cells were devided into non-transfected group,empty-vector group and over-expression group.Matrigel assay and Transwell chamber test were used to observe the changes of tube formation and migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)in MCF-7 cells supernatant in various groups. PT-PCR and Western blotting methods were applied to detect the expressions of FOXC2,DLL4 and Notch1 mRNA and protein.Results Compared with non-tranfected group and empty-vector group,the tube formation and the migration number of HUVECs in FOXC2 over-expression group were increased(P<0.05);the expressions of FOXC2,DLL4 and Notch1 mRNA and proteins were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion The FOXC2 over-expression in MCF-7 cells can increase the tube formation ability and migration ability of HUVECs,and its mechanism may be related to Notch signaling pathway.

Objective:HIV-1 infection was associated with a variety of host genetic factors ,and HLA was one of the factors that contribute to the progression of disease .We analyze the frequency of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C in MSM cohort , and the relationship between HLA gene with disease progression .Methods:PCR-sequence specific primer typing HLA typing was used to detect the allele frequency of HLA gene in 310 patients.HIV Molecular Immunology Database ( HLA Analysis Tools ) to analysis the frequency of HLA.Results:In MSM cohort,HLA-A*1101(34.52%) gene was the highest,followed by HLA-A*0201(31.94%),HLA-C*0102 (27.10%) and HLA-A*2402(26.45%).According to the CD4 cell count of HIV infected patients ,the results showed that there were low levels of HLA-B*4403(1.12%,P=0.0276),HLA-B*1511(2.25%,P=0.0282) and HLA-B*5701(0.37%,P=0.0491) in rapid progressors,while the HLA-C*0304(8.96%,P=0.0319) was higher than that of nonprogressors (4.56%).Conclusion: We obtained the distribution frequency data of HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-C in MSM cohort.Our data presented here may offer potential cor-relation between dominant effect of HLA alleles and HIV-1 disease progression.And found that the HLA-B*4403,HLA-B*1511, HLA-B*5701 related to slow HIV disease progression and HLA-C*0304 related to accelerate HIV disease progression .

Objective To assess under different vessel diameter ,the effect of the aspiration thrombectomy catheter in improving the myocardial reperfusion and clinical prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)who were undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) .Methods 205 patients with AMI immediate implant stents after thrombus suction ,the TIMI flow grade(myocardial infarction thrombolysis treatment test flow classification ) ,postoperative ecg evolution ,incidence of no-reflow MACE in 30 days and MACE in 6 months were compared between conventional thrombus suction group and suction again group(blood vessels of <3 .0 mm and ≥3 .0 mm) .Results The level 3 blood flow rate ,MACE in 6 months in suction again group with blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm had improved significantly ,but had no beneficial effects in blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm .Conclusion In AMI patients treated with primary PCI ,application of aspiration thrombectomy catheter with blood vessels of ≥3 .0 mm may im-prove the flow condition before infarction related blood vessels ,reduce MACE .

Aim To study the effect of Tongxinluo on the polarization of macrophages to type M2 and M1, and on Notch signaling pathway.Methods THP-1 was respectively induced by PMA and IL-4 or LPS to M2 and M1 type polarized macrophages, and treated by Tongxinluo.The expressions of marker molecules IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and protein of Notch signaling pathway were detected.Results The level of IL-10 increased in M2 group and there was no statistical difference on the level of IL-6 and TNF-α;the level of IL-10 decreased and IL-6, TNF-α increased in M1 group;the level of IL-10 increased and IL-6,TNF-α decreased in TXL group.There was no statistical difference in the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and Hes-1 between control group and M2 group;the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and HES-1 increased significantly in M1 group;the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and HES-1 decreased significantly in TXL group;there was no significant difference in the expression of Notch-1 protein in each group.Conclusion The polarization of macrophages to M1 type can be inhibited by Tongxinluo, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore whether the amount of lipocalin-2 in the biofluid could reflect the onset of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.
Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) injection or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to induce severe sepsis and ALI in C57 BL/6 male mice randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 in each group):group A (intraperitoneal LPS injection), group B (intravenous LPS injection via tail vein), group C (CLP with 25%of the cecum ligated), group D (CLP with 75%of the cecum ligated), and the control group (6 sham-operation controls plus 4 saline controls). All the mice received volume resuscitation. Measurements of pulmonary morphological and functional alterations were used to identify the presence of experimental ALI. The expressions of lipocalin-2 and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue were quantified at both protein and mRNA levels. The overall abilities of lipocalin-2 and IL-6 tests to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI were evaluated by generating receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) and computing area under curve (AUC).
Results In both group B and group D, most of the“main features”of experimental ALI were reproduced in mice, while group A and group C showed septic syndrome without definite evidence for the presence of ALI. Compared with septic mice without ALI (group A+group C), lipocalin-2 protein expression in septic mice with ALI (group B+group D) was significantly up-regulated in BALF (P<0.01) and in serum (P<0.01), and mRNA expression boosted in lung tissues (all P<0.05). Lipocalin-2 tests performed better than IL-6 tests in recognizing sepsis-induced ALI cases, evidenced by the larger AUC of the former (BALF tests, 0.8800 versus 0.6625;serum tests, 0.8500 versus 0.7000). Using a dual cutoff system to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI, BALF lipocalin-2 test exhibited the highest positive likelihood ratio (13.000) and the lowest negative likelihood ratio (0.077) among the tests of lipocalin-2 and IL-6 in blood and BALF. A statistically significant correlation was found between lipocalin-2 concentration in BALF and that in serum (Spearman r=0.8803, P<0.0001).
Conclusions Lipocalin-2 expression is significantly up-regulated in septic ALI mice compared with those without ALI. Lipocalin-2 tests with a dual cutoff system could be an effective tool in distinguishing experimental ALI cases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of lead exposure on the gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgf3) in zebrafish embryonic development and the mechanism of lead-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.

METHODSThe embryos of zebrafish (wild types A and B) were exposed to lead acetate (PbAc) at the doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 µmol/L separately. Total RNA was extracted from each treatment group of zebrafish embryos at 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). The total mRNA expression of Fgf3 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The spatial expression of Fgf3 in zebrafish embryos was determined by whole-mount in situ hybridization using synthesized Fgf3 RNA probe.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of Fgf3 in each group peaked at 12 hpf (P < 0.01). With the increase in PbAc concentration, the mRNA expression of Fgf3 rose. Compared with the mRNA expression level of Fgf3 in the control group, the relative mRNA expression levels of Fgf3 in the 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 µmol/L PbAc exposure groups were 1.02 ± 0.24, 1.05 ± 0.26, 1.22 ± 0.46, and 1.25 ± 0.38, respectively, and the 2.5 and 12.5 µmol/L PbAc exposure groups showed significantly higher Fgf3 expression than the control group (P < 0.05). The whole-mount in situ hybridization results showed that Fgf3 expression occurred mainly in the head and tail in the early stage of embryonic development and in the midbrain, fin bud, and pharyngeal arch in the middle/late stage of embryonic development; there were the most significant regions and intensities of positive hybridization signals at 12 hpf; but no significant differences were found between the control group and exposure groups in the location and intensity of Fgf3 expression

CONCLUSIONLead exposure can result in the upregulation of Fgf3 expression in zebrafish embryonic development, which might contribute to lead-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.

Animals ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Organometallic Compounds ; adverse effects ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish ; embryology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To clarify out the network pharmacology mechanism of Polygala tenuifolia against Alzheimer disease(AD).METHODS Firstly,we collected the chemical constituents from Polyg-ala tenuifolia and key targets toward AD.Machine learning algorithms were applied to construct classifi-ers for predicting the effective constituents. Secondly, docking models were utilized for further evalua-tion.Finally,we built constituent-target,target-target network and target-biology pathway network.RE-SULTS 104 chemical constituents Polygala tenuifolia from were collected.Through prediction of blood-brain penetration and validation,36 chemical constituents were selected among 100 chemical constitu-ents,their action targets mainly focused on AChE,COX-2,TNF-α,insulin-degrading enzyme and APP. Their main structure types include Polygala saponins, Polygala glycosides, Polygala shrubby ketones, polygala xanthones and sterols,which acted on AchE,APP,M-TAU,GSK3β and 5HT1A with high fre-quency.Gene-Ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of these con-stituents involve in neurotransmitter release,synaptic conduction and synaptic plasticity,apoptosis reg-ulation,phosphorylation pathway,Ca2+signaling pathway,and so on.CONCLUSION This study uncov-ered a network mechanism of Polygala tenuifolia against Alzheimer disease,which may provide impor-tant information for the further study and new drug development.

Objective To explore the effect of proliferation and apoptosis of Solanine on acute T lymphocyte leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cells and its mechanism.Methods After treated with different concentrations of Solanine,the proliferation of Jurkat cells was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the effect of Solanine on apoptosis of Jurkat cells were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Jurkat cells were detected by Western blot,and the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results CCK-8 assay showed that Solanine significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of Jurkat cells treated with Solanine for 24 h were (2.40-± 0.98) ％,(28.43-± 4.86) ％,(41.56-± 1.87) ％,respectively,in a dose-dependent manner.Western blot showed that Solanine could increase the expression of Bax and decrease the expression of Bcl-2 in Jurkat cells,and they all were dose-dependent.Conclusion Solanine can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells.The mechanism is related to the up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Objective:To compare the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) maps of rat spinal cord protein extracted by two different solution systems.Methods: Adult rat spinal cord protein was precipitated with 10% trichloracetic acid in acetone and resuspended in 8 mol/L urea plus 4%CHAPS (A solution) or, 5 mol/L urea, 2 mol/L thiourea, 2%CHAPS plus 2%SB3-10 (B solution). One hundred and fifty micrograms of protein was loaded on 18 cm IPG strip holder and run isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as the first dimension, then horizontal SDS-PAGE as the second dimension. Protein spots were visualized by silver stain.Results:There were 1 059 and 1 023 protein spots in each map, of which 790 spots were matched in two maps. There were 269 and 233 spots exclusively extracted by A and B solutions, respectively. Taken together, 1292 different spots were totally obtained by A and B solutions.Conclusion: Integrating protein spots extracted by different solution systems is beneficial for achieving intact 2-DE map of tissues.