From Aug 2014 to July 2015, researches in the field of gonadal diseases have achieved rapid advances with image technology, the technology of biochemistry, and molecular biotechnology progressing. Considerable literatures concerning the pathogenesis, gene and clinical diagnosis, and treatment of gonadal diseases have been published. We reviewed and analyzed some more instructive literatures for clinical practice, proposed some suggestions, and the work plans for the clinicians.

Based on computer and network technologies,the information system has grown into an important part for normal operation of hospitals,pushing up the importance of its risk analysis and defense.This article briefly described general methods and processes of risk analysis for information system,brought forward methods of risk classification and level-defense to identify and manage risks effectively,highlighted the importance of risk analysis,after-defense evaluating and tracking.This method is called into play to identify risks exposure of the information system of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,contributing to a risk response table,developing a sustained improvement process for risk identification,control,appraisal and tracking,with defense carried out in specific system upgrading projects.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection is one of the most common causes of chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular car-cinoma.MicroRNAs (miRNAs),a class of small,non -coding RNA,are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in human bodies.The mechanism by which miRNAs regulate HCV replication is described,and the effects of liver -specific microRNA -122 antagonists on hepatitis C antiviral therapy are discussed.Our study indicates that miRNAs play an important regulatory role in HCV ex-pression.Targeting miRNAs may be a potential therapeutic approach for treating HCV infection,but further studies are still in need.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of treating female conyloma acuminatum with the CO2 laser under colposcopy guidance and traditional Chinese medicine sticking therapy.Methods Female patients with conyloma acuminatum whose diagnosis were confirmed by pathologic examination,were randomly assigned to two groups:a treatment group of 100 cases and a control group of 80 cases,with no statistical differences of the age and the duration.The treatment group was treated by CO2 laser to remove conyloma acuminatum and subclinical damage,and then by TCM wart-washing decoction sticking after operation; The control group was treated by CO2 laser to remove the wart,and then by TCM wart-washing Decotion for fumigating after operation.Results The curative rate of the treatment group and the control group was 79.00％and 60.00％ respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups (x2=7.723,P＜0.01).Conclusion The treatment of CO2 laser under colposcopy guidance combined with Chinese medicine sticking therapy is effective for female conyloma acuminatum.

Objective To assess systematically the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) versus traditional methods in nursing students.Methods Relative literature was searched by computer at home and abroad.according to the inclusion and the exclusion criteria,which were analyzed by RevMan5.2 software,and literature selection and repetition were used according to the Note Express software.Results A total of 9 studies of randomized controlled or not randomized controlled trial were brought into the study by random effects model.A total of 1 187 were collected into the study,574 in the experimental group and 613 in the control group.According to subgroup analysis showed by measurement scale,problem-based learning (PBL) can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students.The results had high stability and reliability.Conclusions PBL teaching method can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students,and provide a better learning method for clinical teachers and students,which is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To explore the relationship between the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and exposure to rural environments and pesticide.Methods Studies relevant to rural residence,farmer occupation,pesticide exposure and ALS were identified from the databases including Embase,Ovid Medline,Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Wanfang data,Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Science and Technology Journal Database up to March 2015.Quality of studies was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Analysis of data and publication bias was performed with software Revman 5.3.Results A total of 24 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies were included into the analysis.The NOS scores of all studies were ≥6.The risk of ALS was associated with pesticide exposure (OR =1.41,95％ CI 1.28-1.56) and farmer occupation (OR =1.42,95％ CI 1.29-1.57),but not associated with rural residence (OR =1.21,95％ CI 0.97-1.51).Subgroup analysis of pesticide exposure and ALS revealed that males (OR =1.75,95％ CI 1.39-2.21) had a higher risk than females (OR =1.53,95％ CI 1.13-2.08),and the risk estimate was higher in studies using E1 Escorial standard (OR =1.68,95％ CI 1.45-1.95) than studies not (OR =1.23,95％ CI 1.08-1.40).The meta analysis had a slight publication bias.Conclusions Our findings support pesticide exposure might increase the risk of ALS.Given that farmers always have high levels of pesticide exposure in their work,they should decrease their exposure level or take proper precautions to lower the risk of ALS.

Objective:To investigate the optimal extraction and dripping pills preparation of total terpene constituents in platycladi seed. Methods:The extraction processes of ultrasound, reflux, microwave and homogenization were investigated by single factor tests. The effects of extraction time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times on the extraction of total terpene constituents in platy-cladi seed were investigated by orthogonal tests. Orthogonal tests were used to investigate the effects of the ratio of polyethylene glycol 6000 to poloxamer 188, the ratio of drug to matrix, the temperature of liquid and the dropping process on the quality of dropping pills. Results:The homogeneous extraction was used, and the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction time was 10 min, the temperature was 80℃, the solid-liquid ratio was 1 :10, and extraction time was once. The best preparation process of drop-ping pills was as follows:the ratio of polyethylene glycol 6000 to poloxamer 188 was 5 :1, the ratio of drug to matrix was 1 :3, the temperature of liquid was 80℃ and the dropping distance was 10 cm. Conclusion: The method of homogeneous extraction is simple, which can break the materials and extract the active ingredients simultaneously. The preparation process of dropping pills is reasonable and feasible, which is easy for the production and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the expression of c-fos protein and c-fos mRNA in hippocampus during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats weighing 250-320 g were randomly allocated to one of five groups: group A received sham operation ( n = 8); group B received ischemia-reperfusion (I-R n = 8); group C received intraperitoneal propofol 50 mg?kg-1(C1 n = 8) or 100 mg@kg-1(C2 n = 8) or 150 mg2kg-1(C3 n = 8) 10 min before I-R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1.Vertebral arteries were surgically exposed and permanently occluded by coagulation. Bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed. 4-0 silk suture was placed around the arteries. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by lighting the suture for 10 min which was then loosened for reperfusion. At the end of 60 min reperfusion the animals were decapitated on ice and brain was immediately removed. Different brain tissues were either kept in liquid nitrogen ( - 80℃) or fixed in 10% formalin. The changes in c-fos protein in brain was evaluated by immuno-histochemical methods and c-fos mRNA expression in hippocampus was detected using semiquantitative RT-PCR technique.Results The c-fos expression was minimal in sham operation group. I-R induced significant increase in the expression of c-fos protein and c-fos mRNA and propofol significantly inhibited the increase in c-fos expression induced by I-R. The levels of c-fos expression were higher in group C1 than that in group C2 (P 0.05) . Conclusion The study shows that propofol can significantly inhibit expression of c-fos protein and c-fos mRNA induced by global cerebral I-R.

The template-independent teminal transferase activity of Taq DNA polymerase results in an overhanging dA at the 3′end of its PCR products. The pGEMX vector constructed in this experiment forms a single overhanging dT at its 3′end as the result of cleavage with Xcm I restriction enzyme. This vector is very efficient for direct cloning of PCR product obtained by using Taq DNA polymerase.Recombinant colonies can be selected by Blue/white screening. Moreover,insertion fragment can be easily released from the vector simply with either BamH I or Hind III digestion.

Objective: To confirm the optimum ingredient of the filler in Weiling Capsules (Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae, Fructus Toosendan and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. Methods: The dissolution of berberine in weiling capsules of four different prescriptions were determined. Results: The T 50 , T d and m of the capsules of whole extraction, extraction which contains 1/4 raw drugs were significantly different from that containing 1/2 raw drugs ( P 0.05), and there is no significant difference between them ( P