China ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Poliomyelitis ; prevention & control ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.023

Objective Development of eyeball is visually regulated by messengers that released from the retina, and research demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) is the only extrinsic biochemical candidate that could act as a growth controller. Present study was designed to evaluate the RA system in retina of guinea pig eye with experimental form deprivation myopia. Methods The form deprivation myopia models were monocularly established in the 24 2-week-old guinea pigs by occluding the lateral eyes using white translucent hemispheres for two weeks, and the fellow eyes were as normal control. Refraction diopter was detected with streak retinoscopy after cycloplegia, and axial length and vitreous depth were calculated with Cinescan A/B ultrasonography before and 2 weeks after experiment. All animals were sacrificed and retina was dissected 2 weeks after experiment. The RA level in retina was delected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The expressions of RA-binding proteins Ⅰ(CRABP-Ⅰ) and RA receptor-β(RAR-β) protein and mRNA were assayed by Western-blotting and Real-time PCR, respectively. The experiment and use of animals followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results The spherical equivalent refraction was (+ 3. 00 ± 0. 75) D in the model group and (+ 2. 88 ± 0. 67) D in control eyes (t= 0. 672, P ＞ 0. 05), the ocular axial length was (7. 822 ± 0. 083) mm in model group and (7. 791 ±0.073) mm in control eyes before experiment (t = 0. 346, P ＞ 0. 05). In 2 weeks after experiment, the spherical equivalent refraction was (- 3. 82 ± 0. 13) D versus (1. 99 ± 0. 58) D and axial length was (8. 346 ± 0. 047) mm versus (7. 888 ± 0. 042) mm between model eyes and control eyes (t = 8. 376, P ＜ 0. 001; t = 3. 343, P ＜0. 05). No significant difference in the level of RA in retina before and after experiment (1. 394 ±0. 079 μg/g vs 1. 295 ±0. 023 μg/g) (t =0. 897, P ＞0. 05) but obviously elevated after experiment in model eyes compared with control eyes (2. 356 ± 0.098 μg/g vs 1.499 ±0.035 μg/g) (t =4. 934, P ＜0. 01). The expression of CRABP-Ⅰ and RAR-β mirrored these directional changes. Conclusion The RA system in retina is upregulated in the eye of guinea pig with form deprivation myopia. This findings suggests that RA may act as a messenger in the development of experimental myopia.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes pathological changes of the liver,including liver inflammation,hepatocyte necrosis,and even liver fibrosis,and promotes the progression from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer,but related mechanisms remain unclear.The mechanism for the interaction between hepatocytes infected by HBV and uninfected hepatocytes/host immune system might be exosomes-mediated cell-cell communication in liver microenvironment.Many studies have demonstrated that viral infection can regulate the production of exosomes and affect their composition,and viral microRNAs,proteins,and even the entire virion can be incorporated into the exosomes,which can affect the immune recognition of viruses or regulate the function of adjacent cells.This article elaborates on the production and composition of exosomes and their roles in viral infection,as well as the research advances in the association between exosomes and HBV infection.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of feedforward control on unexpected extubation in patients with cerebral apoplexy.Methods The clinical data of 42 cerebral apoplexy patients during May 2010 and May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed to find out the risk factors of unexpected extubation.The feedforward control was used to manage 49 cerebral apoplexy patients during June 2011 to June 2012 to control the risk factors.The incidence of unexpected extubation was compared between pre-and post-use of feedforward control. Results After application of feedforward control,the incidences of unexpected extubation of gastric tube,deep vein tubes and urinary tubes reduce were significantly decreased compared to pre-use of feedforward control(all P<0.01).Conclusion The feedforward control on patients with cerebral apoplexy is effective in reducing the incidence of unexpected extubation and ensuring the intubation safety.

Objective To observe the role of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in promoting vascular reconstruction and bone repair in the necrotic region of femoral head in rabbits. Methods The femoral head necrosis model was made by liquid nitrogen frozen. The necrotic femoral head was transfected by adenovirus human VEGF121 (Ad-hVEGF121) to observe the bone formation in subchondral necrotic region by means of histological method, measure BMD value by SPA-2 analyser and measure bone trabecular morphology by image analysis. Results Revascularization level, bone formation rate, bone quality and quantity and mineralization level in subchondral necrotic region of gene transfection group were significantly higher than the control groups that had more subchondral bone resorption compared with gene transfection group. Conclusions VEGF may have effect in promoting bone formation and revascularization in subchondral necrotic region of femoral head, indirectly protecting the necrotic bone trabecula from being absorbed and avoiding descending of subchondral mechanics function.

Objective To observe the effects of inducing ossification in necrotic femoral head by VEGF. Methods Healthy rabbits were lesioned into necrotic femoral head by liquid nitrogen and randomly assigned for AdhuVEGF_(121) gene transfection into the necrotic femoral head and AdTrackCMV transfection. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity before transfection and day 1, week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 after transfection and the expression of collagen Ⅰ at week 2, 4, 8, 12 was examined by enzymology and immunohistochemical techniques. Results The ALP activity of the AdhuVEGF_(121) group was significantly higher than AdTrackCMV group (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum c oncentration of TGF-? 1 and invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer,and the effect of surgical treatment on the serum concentration of TGF-? 1.M ethods The serum concentration of TGF-? 1 of 48 cases of gastric can cer was detected by ELISA 3 days before and 7-10 days after surgical treatment. Results The serum concentration of TGF-? 1 of gastric cancer before surgical treatment (404.6? 12.0) mg/L was higher than that after surg ical treatment (294.3?33.9) mg/L (P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of application of preoperative acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) to the patient with carcinoma during major surgery Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ Ⅱ patients scheduled for resection of esophagus or cardia cardinoma were randomized to two groups: in AHH group with the routine infusion of lactated Ringer's solution, Gelofusine solution 15ml/kg was infused intravenously at a rate of 80 ml/min immediately before incision under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, and in control group only lactated Ringer's solution was administered routinly under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia In both groups, MAP, HR, CVP,SpO 2 and P ET CO 2 were monitored during the whole anesthetic procedures; Hb, Hct, Pt and Aptt were measured before and after the hemodilution, at the end of operation, 24h and 1 week after operation; The volume of infusion, blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded during the operation Results Following hemodilution in AHH group , CVP increased markedly (P0 05); the required volume of lactated Ringer's solution and blood loss remained unchanged significantly,but transfusion volume reduced significantly in AHH groups (P