0.05).[Conclusion]BMSCs could be successfully differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro,and the functional genes were stably expressed in BMSCs-derived endothelial cells.They are ideal donor cells of tissue engineering vascularization.

Objective To examine the relationship of exposure and potential dose of human exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Methods The definition and calculation methods of exposure and potential dose were analyzed and compared. Personal exposure and potential dose of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide in indoor and outdoor air were calculated by scenario evaluation approach respectively, and the relationships between exposure and potential dose were analyzed also. Results Potential dose could much better accurately reflect the amount of air pollutants entering human body through respiratory tract than exposure did. Exposures and potential doses of human exposed to formaldehyde and carbon monoxide in indoor and outdoor air were significantly correlated in some cases, but not correlated well in other cases. Conclusion Potential dose might be more accurately linked to health effects of air pollutants than exposure did.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pyogenic encephalitis in our hospital,and to pro-vide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS:The cerebrospinal fluid pathogen of 4 255 patients with pyogenic encepha-litis in our hospital during Jan. 1st,2011-Dec. 31st,2014 were cultured and identified,and drug sensitivity test was conducted. RE-SULTS:A total of 834 pathogens were isolated with positive detection rate of 19.6%,including 576 strains of gram-positive bacte-ria,accounting for 69.1%;255 strains of gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 30.6%;3 strains of fungi,accounting for 0.4%. Top 3 gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative staphylococci(436 strains),Staphylococcus aureus(56 strains)and Entero-coccus (29 strains). Top 3 gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (46 strains),Acinetobacter baumannii (38 strains) and Escherichia coli(31 strains). Top 3 departments were neurosurgery department(506 strains),ICU(169 strains)and severe re-spiratory disease department (64 strains). Results of drug sensitivity test showed that no drug-resistant Staphylococcus and Entero-coccus strains to vancomycin,teicoplanin and miuocycline was found;nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli showed low resistant to minocycline. CONCLUSIONS:Gram-positive bacteria dominates the detection rate of cerebrospinal fluid of pyogenic encephalitis patients;drug resistance of various pathogens is serious and clinicians should choose antibiotics based on drug sensitivity.

FDG-PET has played a significant role in the clinical management of lung cancer since it can efficiently visualize the functional metabolic changes of normal and pathological tissues in human body. It has been used more and more widely in many aspects of lung cancer management including diagnosis, staging, target volume delineation for radiotherapy plan, treatment response inspection, and recurrence detection. However, the false positive led by benign and inflammation somehow decreases its diagnostic specificity of lung cancer. The diagnostic methods for lung cancer consist of visual interpretation and semi-quantitative analysis based on static imaging and quantitative analysis based on dynamic imaging. This article briefly reviews the current trends, challenges and foreground of this imaging modality in the field of clinical management of lung cancer.

Objective The construction of the reconstructed acellular extracellular matrix(REAECM) of bone and preliminary investigation of biocompatibility of REAECM was performed to supply the experimental basis for the extracellular scaffold of bone tissue engineering. Methods Applying the technique of culture in vitro, biocompatibility of the REAECM cultured with osteoblasts was observed using phase-contrast microscope and scanning eletron microscope at 1-4 weeks. Results The osteoblasts could attach and proliferate, even grow well into the foam of REAECM.Conclusion REAECM is an excellent scaffold material for bony tissue engineering construction, which pocesses a morphological structure of three-dimensional foam. The REAECM showed a good biocompatibility with osteoblasts co-cultured in vitro. There was prospective signs of REAECM to the attachment, proliferation of the osteoblasts

Objective:Defensins from human neutrophils exhibit a broad antimicrobial activity.The transfection of the gene fused by human neutrophil peptide 1(HNP1) with the J chain into other cells may induce the in vitro expression of HNP1 to play antimicrobial roles.The authors analyzed the influencing factors on the expressed proteins of HNP1 and the J chain gene in COS-7 cells.Methods: Western blot was used to analyze the technical factors influencing the HNP1 protein expression.Results: Recombinant J-HNP1 was expressed in the cells successfully.Conclusion: The expression of J-HNP1 can be detected inside and outside the cells by Western blot.

The article explored the feasibility,implementation procedure,effects evaluation,existing problems and future improvements on introducing conditional-opening-experiment(COE) in experiment teaching of hygiene analysis.The results indicated that COE could culture the practical operation ability,cooperation ability,overall situation consciousness and responsibility of students in many ways,although it still needed improvements.It promoted students'study enthusiasm,initiative consciousness and their participation and strengthened the harmony relationships between students and teachers.

Objective To evaluate the effect of one-visit endodontic treatment for infected root canals with combination of nickel-titanium instruments and ultrasonic technique and warm vertical technique.Methods According to treatment,90 teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.Two groups were used nickel titarlium root canal preparation.Experimental group:51 teeth for ultrasonic root canal irrigation,and warm vertical technique was employed to fill the root canal.Control group:39 teeth for rinse syringes,and warm vertical technique was employed to fill the root canal.Washing fluid was 2％ sodium hypochlorite.The root canal filling was observed after a week and one year of postoperative pain response.Results A week later,two groups of post-operative pain showed that there was significant difference in responses (x2 =15.525,P ＜ 0.05).One year later,the two groups showed no significant difference in efficacy(x2 =0.085,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The combination of nickel-titanium instruments and ultrasonic irrigation technique and warm vertical obturation,for the treatment of infected root canals was a method to complete the root canal filling,could reduce both the number of patients subsquent visits and the postoperative pain response,while it could improve the quality of root canal filling.

Glutamine,a coding amino acid in the process of synthesis of protein,could be absorbed by endothelial cells of the small intestine in most cases,or converted from other amino acid and glucose in the assistance of concerned enzyme.This nonessential amino acid maintains homeostasis in rivo.In recent years,a large number of researches reveal that glutamine plays an extremely important role in the tumor metabolism and therefore influences the process and treatment of cancer.In the study,the netabolism of glutamine in normal cells and tumor cells and its effects on tumor therapy were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2RA-RBM17 region and vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.Methods Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected from 425 patients with vitiligo (patient group) and 503 healthy human controls (control group) of Mongolian nationality after informed consent,and genomic DNA was extracted with the AxyPrep DNA extraction kit (AP-MX-BL-GDNA-25).Nine SNPs were selected across the IL2RA-RBM17 region,including rs706779,rs3134883,rs7090530,rs12251307,rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083.Ligase detection reaction (LDR) was performed for SNP genotyping.With the PLINK 1.07 and SPSS 11.0 packages,statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test for comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed for 5 SNPs by calculating the r2 and D' values.Haplotype analysis of 5 related SNPs was conducted to investigate differences in haplotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Results There were significant differences in allele frequencies of 5 SNPs,including rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083,between the patient group and control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Under a dominant mode of inheritance,a significant decrease was observed in the frequencies of GG/GC genotypes of rs3920615,CT/CC genotypes of rs4747887,CT/CC genotypes of rs4750005,TC/TT genotypes of rs4750012 and AG/AA genotypes of rs7099083 in the patient group compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.005 6).Moderate to strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the 5 SNPs (D' =0.424-1,r2=0.137-0.985).Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a haplotype (H2:CGCTA) was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group,and the difference reached statistical significance after Bonferroni adjustment (P=0.001 6,OR =0.674).Conclusion SNPs in the IL2RA-RBM17 region are associated with vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.