1.Intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases
Myung-Gyu KIM ; Jihyun YANG ; Sang-Kyung JO
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2021;40(3):335-343
Large microbial communities reside in the gut as an endogenous organ and interact with the host physiology through symbiotic relationships, affecting health. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have made it possible to better understand these complex microbial communities and their effects on hosts. Animal and clinical studies have provided considerable evidence to show that the microbiota plays an important role in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and kidney transplantation by altering the functions of the intestinal barrier, regulating local and systemic inflammation, controlling production of metabolic components, and affecting immune responses. Although the exact mechanism underlying the microbial shift and its impact on disease progression remains uncertain, the kidney-gut interaction clearly plays a significant role in onset and progression of kidney disease and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the bidirectional relationship between microbes and humans in various kidney diseases and discuss the future direction of microbial research in nephrology.
2.Erratum: Correction of Funding Source: The Burden of Cancer in Korea during 2012: Finding from a Prevalence-Based Approach.
Young hoon GONG ; Seok jun YOON ; Min woo JO ; Arim KIM ; Young Ae KIM ; Jihyun YOON ; Hyeyoung SEO ; Dong woo KIM
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2017;32(1):164-164
We found a mistake in our recently published article.
3.The Influence of Urinary Incontinence and Depression in Elderly on the Quality of the Life
Jihyun KIM ; Joongsuk LEE ; Beomwoo NAM ; Jin Yong CHOI ; Sang Kuk YANG ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Sun jin JO ; Hyunsuk JEONG
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2017;25(2):129-135
OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the influence of urinary incontinence and depression on individual's QOL(Quality of life). We aimed to clarify how the interaction between urinary incontinence and depression influences one's QOL. METHODS: A total of 1262 patients were enrolled in this study from April, 2011 to July, 2011. We estimated the severity of depressive symptoms and QOL, using SGDS-K, EQ-5D. We also investigated the morbidity of urinary incontinence for each patient in person or by questionnaire. Comparisons of QOL between groups with or without depression, with or without urinary incontinence were established using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc analysis. The interaction between urinary incontinence and depression was analyzed by each domain of QOL, using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Patients with depression and urinary incontinence showed significantly higher EQ-5D scores on every domain of QOL than other patients, which means significantly lower QOL. Patients with depression, no urinary incontinence reported lower QOL, especially in the domain of ‘usual activity’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘visual analogue scale(VAS)’, whereas those with urinary incontinence, no depression showed lower QOL in ‘motility’, ‘usual activities’ and ‘pain’ domain. Statistically significant interaction effects of two diseases were observed in the domain of ‘VAS’, ‘self care’ and ‘anxiety’. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity of urinary incontinence and depression showed significantly lower QOL of patients, compared with urinary incontinence or depression respectively, which implies additive interaction effects of the two diseases. Optimal diagnosis and treatment of depression should be emphasized for patients with urinary incontinence.
Aged
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Comorbidity
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Depression
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Diagnosis
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Humans
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Quality of Life
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Urinary Incontinence
4.Hearing and Speech Perception for People With Hearing Loss Using Personal Sound Amplification Products
Ga-Young KIM ; Sunyoung KIM ; Mini JO ; Hye Yoon SEOL ; Young Sang CHO ; Jihyun LIM ; Il Joon MOON
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2022;37(12):e94-
Background:
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common chronic disease and has been linked to negative health outcomes. Hearing aids (HAs) are regarded as the gold standard for HL management, however, the adoption rate of HAs is relatively low for various reasons. With this background, hearing devices, such as personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) received significant attention as an alternative to conventional HAs. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PSAPs in patients with mild to moderately severe HL.
Methods:
Nineteen patients with mild hearing loss (MHL), 23 with moderate hearing loss (MDHL), and 15 with moderately severe hearing loss (MSHL) participated in the study.Electroacoustic analysis, simulated real-ear measurements (REMs), and three clinical evaluations were implemented.
Results:
All devices satisfied the electroacoustic tolerances. All devices provided sufficient gain for MHL and MDHL audiograms. However, in MSHL audiogram, the gains of PSAPs were insufficient, especially for high frequencies. In terms of clinical evaluations, soundfield audiometry showed significant improvements between aided and unaided thresholds in all groups for all devices (P < 0.001). Significant improvements of word recognition scores were only shown for HAs between aided and unaided conditions. The Korean version of the Hearing In Noise Test did not show any consistent findings for all devices and groups.
Conclusion
Certain PSAPs are beneficial for improving hearing and speech perception in patients with HL. Well-chosen PSAPs could be an alternative hearing rehabilitation option for these patients.
5.Factors Associated With Risk of Suicide Among Out-of-School Youths
JiHyun JO ; Jangrae KIM ; Hwallip BAE ; Myoung-Wuk CHON ; Kyung-Shin LEE ; So Hee LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2023;62(4):173-181
Objectives:
This study examined the factors associated with suicide risk among out-of-school youths (OSY) by analyzing their medical records retrospectively.
Methods:
The medical records of 280 OSYs who were admitted to the National Medical Center from January 2015 to December 2018 were examined. The demographic and clinical records, including behavioral problems, post-traumatic symptoms, harmful alcohol consumption, family functioning, and quality of life, were analyzed.
Results:
Among the 280 subjects, 80 (28.6%) were considered a high-risk suicidal group. The number of post-traumatic symptoms was found to be positively correlated, and the family functioning scores were negatively correlated with the increasing risk of suicide in the OSY based on the multiple regression analysis of the medical records.
Conclusion
The result of this study provides inputs for suicide prevention programs targeted at OSYs by identifying the risk and protective factors associated with suicide among the group.
6.NOX4 and its association with Anatomy/Histology/ Embryology myeloperoxidase and osteopontin in regulating endochondral ossification
Kayoung KO ; Seohee CHOI ; Miri JO ; Chaeyoung KIM ; Napissara BOONPRAMAN ; Jihyun YOUM ; Sun Shin YI
Journal of Veterinary Science 2024;25(4):e49-
Objective:
This study investigates NOX4, an enzyme producing hydrogen peroxide, in endochondral ossification and bone remodeling. NOX4’s role in osteoblast formation and osteogenic signaling pathways is explored.
Methods:
Using NOX4-deficient (NOX4−/− ) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we identify NOX4’s potential mediators in bone maturation.
Results:
NOX4−/− mice displayed significant differences in bone mass and structure.Compared to the normal Control and OVX groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed NOX4−/− mice had the highest trabecular bone volume, while OVX had the lowest. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly elevated MPO and OPN levels in bone marrow-derived cells in NOX4−/− mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased MPO, OPN, and collagen II (COLII) near the epiphyseal plate. Collagen and chondrogenesis analysis supported enhanced bone development in NOX4−/− mice.
Conclusions
and Relevance: Our results emphasize NOX4’s significance in bone morphology, mesenchymal stem cell proteomics, immunohistochemistry, collagen levels, and chondrogenesis. NOX4 deficiency enhances bone development and endochondral ossification, potentially through increased MPO, OPN, and COLII expression. These findings suggest therapeutic implications for skeletal disorders.
7.Spontaneous Arterial Bleeding in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis: a Series of Three Cases.
Choon Sik SEON ; Yunju JO ; Jihyun LEE ; Young Kwan JO ; Sang Bong AHN ; Byungkwan SON ; Young Kwon CHO
Korean Journal of Medicine 2014;87(4):449-454
Spontaneous arterial bleeding has been reported rarely. In a patient consuming heavy amounts of alcohol with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, spontaneous bleeding can be evoked by thrombocytopenia, altered platelet function, and shear stress on fully dilated arteries by portal hypertension. Alcohol consumption itself can also predispose a patient to bleeding by influencing the aggregation and activation of platelets, and altering the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway. All of these mechanisms could cause patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis to bleed spontaneously; however, conditions inducing peripheral arterial bleeding are very rare. Here, we report three cases of spontaneous arterial bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis consuming heavy amounts of alcohol. All of the patients bled without any physical trauma, and the involved arteries were the intercostal arteries in two cases and a gastroduodenal artery in the other case. The patients were treated by angiographic embolization. One expired due to recurrence of arterial bleeding despite repeated angiographic embolization and massive transfusion.
Alcohol Drinking
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Arteries
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Blood Platelets
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Embolization, Therapeutic
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Fibrinolysis
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Hemorrhage*
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Humans
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Hypertension, Portal
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Liver Cirrhosis
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Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic*
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Recurrence
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Thrombocytopenia
8.The Burden of Cancer in Korea during 2012: Findings from a Prevalence-Based Approach.
Young Hoon GONG ; Seok Jun YOON ; Min Woo JO ; Arim KIM ; Young Ae KIM ; Jihyun YOON ; Hyeyoung SEO ; Dongwoo KIM
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2016;31(Suppl 2):S168-S177
Cancer causes a significant deterioration in health and premature death and is a national socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to measure the burden of cancer using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) metric based on the newly adopted methodology from the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2010. This study was conducted based on data from the Korean National Cancer Registry. The DALYs were calculated using a prevalence-based method instead of the incidence-based method used by previous studies. The total burden of cancer in 2012 was 3,470.79 DALYs per 100,000 persons. Lung cancer was the most prevalent cancer burden, followed by liver, stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer. The DALYs for lung, liver, stomach, colon and rectum, and pancreatic cancer were high in men, whereas the DALYs for breast, lung, stomach, colorectal, and liver cancer were high in women. Health loss from leukemia and cancer of the brain and nervous system was prevalent for those younger than age 20; from stomach, breast, and liver for those aged 30–50; and from lung, colon and rectum, and pancreas for a large proportion of individuals over the age of 60. The most important differences were that the DALYs were calculated by prevalence and that other components of the DALYs were measured by a population-based perspective. Thus, prevalence-based DALYs could provide more suitable data for decision making in the healthcare field.
Brain Neoplasms
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Breast
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Breast Neoplasms
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Colon
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Decision Making
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Delivery of Health Care
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Female
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Humans
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Korea*
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Leukemia
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Liver
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Liver Neoplasms
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Lung
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Lung Neoplasms
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Male
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Methods
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Mortality, Premature
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Nervous System
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Pancreas
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Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Prevalence
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Rectum
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Stomach
9.Intra-abdominal hypertension does not predict renal recovery or in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
Hyo Jeong CHANG ; Jihyun YANG ; Sun Chul KIM ; Myung Gyu KIM ; Sang Kyung JO ; Won Yong CHO ; Hyoung Kyu KIM
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2015;34(2):103-108
BACKGROUND: Although emerging evidence suggests that intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a predictor of the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), it remains unclear whether the presence of IAH is a predictor of prognosis in patients with AKI. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the presence of IAH could predict prognosis in critically ill patients with AKI. The prognostic value of urinary biomarkers was also determined. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 57 patients with established AKI, who were admitted to the intensive care unit between February 2012 and June 2014. IAH was defined as a sustained elevation in intra-abdominal pressure of > or =12 mmHg, in three consecutive measurements performed daily on the first 3 days. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, and simplified acute physiology score II score at the time of admission were also examined. RESULTS: IAH was observed in 78.9% of patients. The in-hospital mortality was 21.1%, and renal recovery during hospitalization was achieved in 40.4% of patients. Although high urinary NGAL [odds ratio (OR), 1.015] and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (OR, 1.003) were found to be independent predictors of renal recovery, IAH was not. High urinary NGAL (OR, 1.003) and a high simplified acute physiology score II score (OR, 1.102) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, while IAH or urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein was not. CONCLUSION: Although IAH is prevalent in critically ill patients with AKI, it did not predict AKI prognosis. However, urinary NGAL was found to be a useful predictor of both renal recovery and in-hospital mortality.
Acute Kidney Injury*
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Biomarkers
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Critical Illness*
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Hospital Mortality*
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Hospitalization
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Humans
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Intensive Care Units
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Intra-Abdominal Hypertension*
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Lipocalins
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Neutrophils
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Observational Study
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Physiology
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Prognosis
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Prospective Studies
10.Renal Klotho expression in patients with acute kidney injury is associated with the severity of the injury.
Min Young SEO ; Jihyun YANG ; Jun Yong LEE ; Kitae KIM ; Sun Chul KIM ; Hyojeong CHANG ; Nam Hee WON ; Myung Gyu KIM ; Sang Kyung JO ; Wonyong CHO ; Hyoung Kyu KIM
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2015;30(4):489-495
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The potential physiologic roles of Klotho in acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been demonstrated in animal models. However, to date, there have been no human studies investigating the expression of renal Klotho in AKI. METHODS: We retrospectively collected biopsy specimens and clinical data of AKI patients between January 2001 and December 2012. Klotho expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining, and the clinical-pathological correlation was examined. RESULTS: Among the 34 patients diagnosed with acute tubular necrosis or acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, 21 patients without chronic histological lesions were included. The mean age was 37.3 +/- 18.5 years and the mean peak creatinine level was 8.2 +/- 5.5 mg/dL. In total, 10 patients (47.6%) received temporary renal replacement therapy (RRT); however, 17 patients (81%) showed functional recovery with creatinine levels of < 1.3 mg/dL after 1 month. The intensity of Klotho expression was scored as a percentage of Klotho-positive area. The renal Klotho score showed a significant negative correlation with the initial or peak creatinine level. When the patients were divided into three groups according to the Klotho score (low, middle, high), the low group had a significantly higher peak creatinine level and a more frequent requirement for RRT. However, the Klotho score was not a significant predictor of renal recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that renal Klotho expression in humans decreased significantly according to the severity of AKI, regardless of the etiology, and that low expression was associated with a poor short-term outcome.
Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology/therapy
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Biomarkers/analysis
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Biopsy
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Down-Regulation
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Female
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Glucuronidase/*analysis
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Kidney/*chemistry/pathology/physiopathology
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Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology/therapy
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Necrosis
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Recovery of Function
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Renal Replacement Therapy
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Retrospective Studies
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Risk Factors
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Severity of Illness Index
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Time Factors
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Treatment Outcome
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Young Adult