Concern on antibiotics contamination has been raised because of its serious environmental impact in recent years.The application of antibiotics,measurement method for antibiotics,mechanism of antibiotics degradation,and impact of antibiotics contamination on environment and human health were reviewed and commented.The advisable solution and future researches were prospected in this review,too.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Capsid Proteins ; physiology ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; physiology ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; physiology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; etiology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; physiology ; Virion ; physiology ; Virus Assembly

BACKGROUND:It is reported that gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have high application prospects in the treatment of hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis.METHODS: Forty SPF Kunming mice were selected to make animal models of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis using aerosolized inhalation device and randomly divided into two groups undergoing embolization for hemostasis using gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres, respectively. Body mass changes, hemostasis time, effective rate of hemostasis, related indexes of myocardium and pathological changes of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed at 15 and 30 days after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Mice in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group had higher body mass than those in the gelatin sponge group at 15 days after treatment (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the gelatin sponge group, the hemostatic efficiency was higher and the time of hemostasis was shorter in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group (P< 0.05). (3) There were no significant differences in the levels of BNP precursor, creatine kinase isoenzyme and creatine kinase between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The lymphocyte infiltration and necrotic lesions were found around the microspheres, necrotic lesions were found, and there were a lot of active cells on the microspheres. There were a few lymphocytes in the gelatin sponge group. These results show that that the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have better hemostatic effects in comparison with gelatin sponge particles in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)gene polymorphism and Gilles de la Tourette' s syndrome(GTS).MethodsUsing Amplification Refractory Mutation System(ARMS) PCR genotyping assay method,a polymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene was genotyped in 112 of all GTS patients ( total GTS group) including 54 GTS-alone patients group,48 GTS + ADHD patients group among of them and 71 healthy controls.The correlation between positive association of polymorphism (val158met)of COMT gene in GTS and the age of onset in patients with GTS was also analyzed.ResultsCompared with healthy controls group,genotype of val158met did not differ in total GTS patients group or alone-GTS patients group (χ2 =0.56,P=0.756;χ2 =1.05,P=0.600 respectively).There was also no significant difference (P＞0.05)in allele distribution of val158met in total GTS patients group or alone-GTS patients group compared with controls group respectively (χ2 =0.18,P=0.669;χ2 =0.29,P=0.593 respectively).However,genotype distribution of val158met was significantly different between GTS + ADHD patients group and controls group( χ2 =6.35,P =0.041 ).The frequency of the val allele of this locus was significantly higher in GTS + ADHD patients group than those in controls group ( χ2 =5.49,P =0.019 ).The mean age of onset (6.80 ± 1.54 ) in 36 children within GTS + ADHD patients group with the val/val geantype of COMT gene val158met polymorphism was significantly earlier than the mean age of onset (8.04 ± 1.54)in 12 children in val/val genotype (P =0.016 ).ConclusionPolymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene may be associated with GTS children with comorbid ADHD,which may play an important role to make the age of onset in children with GTS become earlier.

AIMTo identify the expression of proteins in cardiomyocytes in rats with left kidney artery coarctation.

METHODS16 male SD rats were separated into 2 groups (n=8): 2 kidney 1 Clip group (2K1C) and sham operation group (SO). The postoperational 8th week, after examination by normal doppler and tissue doppler echocardiography, the extracted proteins from cardiomyocytes were isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with staining. The gel images were acquired by scanner and 2-DE analysis software. Different spots observed on two 2D gels were selected and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

RESULTSOverall, 21 protein spots showed significant difference, and 14 out of which were identified.

CONCLUSIONKidney artery coactation-induced cardiac hypertrophy displays different expression of proteins in cardiomyocytes.

Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; metabolism ; Constriction ; Male ; Proteome ; analysis ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Artery ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of inducing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) to differentiate into Leydig cells through conditioned medium derived from Leydig cells.

METHODSHuMSCs and Leydig cells were obtained by tissue blocks culture attachment and enzymatic digestion respectively. HuMSCs were induced by conditioned medium of Leydig cells as an experiment group while those before induction were cultured as a control group. The expressions of LHR, 3β-HSD and StAR in the induced HuMSCs were determined by RT-PCR after 3, 7 and 10 days of culture; those of CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and 3β-HSD measured by immunofluorescence staining after 2 weeks; and that of 3β-HSD detected by Western blot after 4 weeks.

RESULTSThe experimental group showed positively expressed LHR, 3β-HSD and StAR at 3, 7 and 10 days, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and 3β-HSD at 2 weeks, and 3β-HSD at 4 weeks, while the control group revealed negative expressions at all the time points.

CONCLUSIONInduced with conditioned culture medium derived from Leydig cells, HuMSCs are likely to differentiate into steroidogenic cells and eventually into Leydig cells.

Cell Differentiation ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

Objective To explore whether chronic forced swimming stress could improve whole brain radiation induced cognitive dysfunction and possible mechanism. Methods Thirty-nine one month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham control group ( C ) , swimming group ( C-S ) , radiation group( R) , and radiation plus swimming group( R-S) . Radiation groups were given a single dose of 20 Gy on whole-brain. Rats in the swimming groups were trained with swimming of 15 min/d, 5 d/w. Rat behavior was performed 3 months after radiation in an order of free activity in an open field and the Morris water maze test including the place navigation and spatial probe tests. Then, the protein expressions of BDNF, P-ERK, T-ERK, P-CREB and T-CREB in the rat hippocampus tissue were assayed by Western blot. Results On the day 2, in the place navigation test of Morris water maze, the latency of swimming group was significantly shorter than that of sham group, the latency of sham group was significantly shorter than that of radiation group, and the latency of radiation swimming group was significantly shorter than that of radiation group(P<0?05). In the open field test, the latencies of the place navigation and spatial probe tests of Morris water maze had no significant difference among four groups (P>0?05). Western blot assay showed that the expressions of BDNF and its downstream signals including P-ERK and P-CREB were markedly reduced by radiation ( P < 0?05 ) , but this reduction was attenuated by the chronic forced swimming stress. Conclusion The chronic forced swimming stress could improve whole brain radiation induced cognitive dysfunction by up-regulating the expressions of BDNF and its downstream signal molecules of P-ERK and P-CREB in hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the difference of nerve behavior among the different types of fullterm small for gestational age infants(SGA) infants and the reasons.Methods The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) scores were given for 148 full-term SGA infants aged 7,14 and 28 days born in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University.The comparason analysis was conducted among three types including symmetic,asymmetric and the mixture of them.Results Significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) were found between the NBNA scores for full-term SGA infants and normal infants.The NABA scores of full-term SGA infants were lower than those of normal infants.The NBNA scores for three types of full-term SGA infants followed the order of asymmetric ＞ symmetric ＞ mixture of them,significant difference was found between any two types of three types(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Full-term SGA infants show the poorer quality of nerve behavior compared with the nomal infants.The neurodevelopment levels for three types of full-term SGA infants are asymmetric,symmetric,mixture of them in the order.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic parameters from quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pathological tumor differentiated grades. Methods Seventy-seven HCC lesions were examinated and off-line analyzed with dynamic images. Quantitative parameters such as slope of decrease to half of peak (SD), increased signal intensity (ISI), area under the curve (AUC) and blood flow coefficient (BF) were acquired, and the standardized values (sISI, sAUC and sBF) included the ratio of parameters from tumor to those from hepatic parenchyma. These quantitative parameters were correlated with tumor grades according to Edmonson criteria. Results There was significant difference (P＜0.05) of SD, AUC and BF, as well as standardized values (sISI, sAUC and sBF) between different grades of HCC. AUC, BF, sISI, sAUC and sBF were negative correlated with differentiated grades, respectively (P＜0.05). Well-differentiated HCC had significantly higher perfusion values than HCC of other grades (P＜0.05). Conclusion Quantitative analysis of CEUS can assess differentiation of HCC indirectly, and might reveal biological behavior of malignant tumors.

The metabolism of thyroid hormone changes during pregnancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy may adversely affect the pregnancy outcomes and neuropsychological development of child, controversially. The diagnostic criteria of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy need to be specific. It is important to figure out when should pregnancy with subclinical hypothyroidism be treated and what is the specific goal of the treatment.