BacKground:AchaIasia of cardia is categorized into 3 subtypes by Chicago cIassification criteria defined by high-resoIution manometry( HRM). These different subtypes present different cIinicaI and esophageaI dynamic characteristics. Aims:To study the cIinicaI and esophageaI dynamic characteristics of patients with achaIasia of cardia categorized by Chicago cIassification criteria. Methods:Twenty-five untreated achaIasia of cardia patients from January 2012 to ApriI 2014 at Beijing Friendship HospitaI,CapitaI MedicaI University were enroIIed. CIinicaI data incIuding cIinicaI symptoms, manifestations of endoscopy and barium meaI radiography and data of HRM were anaIyzed retrospectiveIy. Results:Of the 25 patients,5 patients(20. 0%)were cIassified as type Ⅰ,15(60. 0%)as type Ⅱ and 5(20. 0%)as type Ⅲ. AII patients compIained as having dysphagia,and 26. 7%( 4/15 ) of type Ⅱ patients had chest pain. Incidences of regurgitation in typeⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere 60. 0%(3/5),53. 3%(8/15)and 20. 0%(1/5),respectiveIy,no significant difference was found among the three types(P>0. 05). Incidences of diIatation of esophagus in type Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢwere 60. 0%(3/5),73. 3%(11/15)and 20. 0%(1/5),respectiveIy,no significant difference was found among the three types (P=0. 11). No differences in Iength of Iower esophageaI sphincter(LES),abdominaI LES Iength,LES resting pressure, upper esophageaI sphincter( UES)resting pressure and integrated reIaxation pressure( IRP)among the three types were found(P>0. 05). Incidences of muItipIe swaIIowing and spontaneous UES reIaxation were 32. 0%(8/25)and 24. 0%(6/25),respectiveIy,no significant difference was found among the three types(P>0. 05). Conclusions:Of the patients with achaIasia of cardia ,typeⅡis more common. Large-sampIe muIticenter studies are needed for further research.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of Agkistrodon antithrombogenase (AAT) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its possible mechanism.

METHODSBesides the conventional non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, patients were treated supplementally with intravenous injection of AAT. The intracutaneous test showed allergic to AAT patients were treated with Salvia injection and taken as control group. Changes of related clinical indexes in the two groups were observed.

RESULTSAfter 3 weeks treatment, condition of patients in both groups were improved clinically in joint swollen index, joint tenderness index, morning stiffness time, pain assessment (VAS) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) on daily life activity as well as ESR level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), with the VAS, HAQ and fibrinogen levels more significantly improved than those of control (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the total effective rate higher in the AAT treated group than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAAT has good effect on easing clinical symptoms of RA possibly through anti-inflammation and improving the microcirculation with less toxic and adverse reaction, so is worthy of recommendation.

Adult ; Ancrod ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Crotalid Venoms ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy difference between segmentation scraping and conventional acupuncture for cervical spondylosis (CS) so as to provide effective treatment method.

METHODSEighty-five cases of cervical type of CS were randomly divided into a scraping group (44 cases) and an acupuncture group (41 cases). The segmentation scraping therapy was used in the scraping group. The scraping group was treated with focusing on scraping the head and joint part of neck and occiput in the upper cervical spine injury, and focusing on scraping the lower section of cervical and shoulder in the lower cervical spine injury, once every seven days, totally for 3 times. In the acupuncture group, Fengchi (GB 20),Wangu (TE 5), Tianzhu (BL 10),Neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2), etc. were selected,once daily,for 15 days. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the immediate analgesic effect after the first treatment and the clinical efficacy was observed after the end of treatment.

RESULTSAfter the first treatment, the score of VAS was decreased significantly in the scaping group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the acupuncture group compared with those before treatment (P > 0.05); the score of VAS in the scaping group after the first treatment was lower than that in the acupuncture group (3.66 +/- 0.74 vs 5.43 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01). Compared with before treatment, the scores of VAS were decreased significantly after treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01), but without significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05); the effective rate was 95.5% (42/44) in the scaping group and 87.8% (36/41) in the acupuncture group, the curative effects were similar (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth of scraping and acupuncture therapies have good analgesic effect for cervical spondylosis, and overall effects are similar, but the immediate analgesic effect of scraping thrapy is better than that of conventional acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neck Pain ; therapy ; Spondylosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Buzhong yiqi wuling decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure(CHF). METHODS:120 CHF patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 60 cases in each group. Control group received conventional western medicine treatment as rest,low salt diet and diuretics. Observation group was additionally given Buzhong yiqi wuling decoction,one dose a day,at twice,on the basis of control group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 2 weeks. Average TCM symptom score, level of plasma NT-proBNP,6 min walk test(6MWT)distance before and after treatment,clinical efficacy and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in average TCM symptom score,level of plasma NT-proBNP and 6MWT distance between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,average TCM symptom score and level of plasma NT-proBNP of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was more significant than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);6MWT distance of 2 groups were improved significantly compared to before treatment,and the observation group was significantly longer than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment,total effective rate of observation group(93.33%)was significantly higher than that of control group(83.33%),with sta-tistical significance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Buzhong yiqi wuling decoction is an ef-fective prescription to treat CHF,and can relieve clinical symptoms,improve the cardiac function,decrease NT-proBNP level and en-hance the patient exercise tolerance with good safety.

OBJECTIVE: Amplitude modulation of auditory cortical responses was evaluated with functional MRI (fMRI) in subjects of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) and those of normal hearing (NH). METHOD: Twenty-one subjects with USNHL and 11 with normal hearing were examined with fMRI in response to amplitude modulation tones of 500 Hz with the modulation frequency at 8 Hz. An event related design was combined with a sparse clustered volume acquisitioning paradigm in data collection in order to reduce the influence of acoustic scanner noise. SPM2 software was used for offline data analyzing. RESULT: Significant activation, including volume and intensity, were found in the temporal lobe of control subjects, and significant differences in the volume and intensity were noted between the contralateral and ipsilateral activated auditory cortexes in them, exhibiting clearly contralateral predominance. When the normal ear with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss received signals, while significant activations in bilateral auditory cortexes, greater activation in the contralateral auditory cortexes was found in the normal ear. CONCLUSION The difference in the lateralization between the two groups suggests the plasticity of auditory cortex with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Adult ; Aged ; Auditory Cortex ; physiology ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; physiopathology ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of curcumin on rat model of N-methylnitrosourea ( MNU) -induced bladder cancer and its mechanism. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n=10), model group (n=10), intervention group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40). Rats in the control group re-ceived intravesical infusion of distilled water. Rats in the other three groups were given MNU (1 mg/mL) in 2 mL saline at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks to induce bladder cancer. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. The rats in the intervention group received 2 mL curcumin solution (400 μmol/L) at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th weeks, and were sacrificed at the 11th week. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. In the treatment group, the rats had intravesical instillation of curcumin in the bladder (400 μmol/L, 2 mL) at 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, and sacrificed at the 19th week. Bladder tissue samples were taken for pathological exami-nation using hematoxylin and eosin ( HE) staining. TUNEL staining assay was used to detect the apoptosis in tumor tissue. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 90% (9/10) in the model group, 12. 5% (5/40) in the intervention group and 92. 5% (37/40) in the treatment group at the 10th week, showing a significant difference between the intervention group and model group (P<0. 05), indicating an obvious interventional effect of curcumin on the bladder cancer. The incidence rate of bladder cancer in the treatment group was 78. 4% (30/37) at the 19th week, and compared with the 10th week before treatment, showing that curcumin can de-lay the recurrence of bladder cancer. TUNEL staining assay confirmed that curcumin significantly promoted the apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation. The Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activa-tion of NF-κB and effectively down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene product. Conclusions Curcumin has a significant interventional effect on MNU-induced bladder cancer in the rat models. The mechanism may be through inhibi-tion of NF-κB activation and effective down-regulated NF-κB regulation of the gene products, and to regulate the expression of related proteins in bladder cancer, i. e. , inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and further play a role of an-ti-cancer intervention and prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.

Objective To investigate the effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)on bladder cancer cells and their metabolites, and to preliminarily explore the possible mechanisms of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods The rat model of bladder cancer was induced by intravesical instillation with N-methylnitrosourea(MNU). Bladder cancer cells and normal transitional epithelial cells were isolated and primarily cultured, and were divided into 5 groups according to the different components of the culture medium. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the supernatant of each group was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of BCG to inhibit the cancer cell growth was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis of bladder cancer cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL). Results Among the 15 rats,2 rats died after 2 times of instillation, and 3 rats died after 3 times of instillation, without obvious tumors found at autopsy. The other 10 rats were killed after completion of the intravesically instillation of MNU, and obvious tumors were found in 8 of them after dissection. The results of MTT assay showed that BCG had an inhibitory effect on the growth of bladder cancer cells,and the inhibitory rate was positively correlated with the concentration of BCG. The results of ELISA showed that the concentrations of TNF-α in the supernatant of groups B and D were(160.654 ± 5.775) ng/L and(124.443 ± 4.972)ng/L, respectively, with significant differences from those of the other three groups. The concentrations of IL-10 in the groups B and E were(16.973 ± 3.428)ng/L and(20.327 ± 2.721)ng/L, significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Apoptosis of cancer cells was not found in all groups. HE staining of the primary bladder cancer cells showed that the volume of cell nucleus was increased, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was increased. The number of nucleoli in some cells was increased and some nuclei appeared like ink drops with prominent nucleoli. Conclusions BCG has an inhibitory effect on the growth of rat bladder cancer cells. IL-10 and TNF-α secreted by the tumor cells might be involved in this regulatory process. However,apoptosis does not show an obvious effect on this inhibitory process.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the technical points, advantages, follow-up results and mechanism of endovenous holmium laser treatment for varicose veins.

METHODSEndovenous holmium laser procedures were performed for 96 patients (99 legs) with primary varicosity of lower extremities. Perioperative Duplex was used for preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative guide and postoperative follow-up. The time of procedure and clinical results were observed. The mean follow-up time was 7 months.

RESULTSSixty-seven in 99 legs with saphenous vein occluded immediately during operation. All saphenous veins were confirmed to be occluded 7 days after the procedure. There was no recanalization with Duplex finding during the follow-up period. No wound complications. Two cases were with minor skin burn. One case was with saphenous nerve injury. Three cases were with thigh ecchymosis.

CONCLUSIONPreliminary results show endovenous holmium laser treatment for varicose veins is safe and effective in treating varicose veins with cosmetic appearance and quicker recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Holmium ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Saphenous Vein ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Varicose Veins ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the functional aspects of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) gene involved in tumor metastasis.

METHODSTwo human lung giant cell carcinoma cell lines PLA801C (low metastasis potential) and PLA801D (high metastasis potential) were chosen as in-vitro human cancer model systems. Sense and anti-sense expression constructs of PAR-1 gene (pC/PAR1s and pC/PAR1as) were transfected into PLA-801C and PLA-801D cells by lipofection. PAR-1 expression was determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. MTT growth, flow cytometry analysis, fibronectin adhesion, and matrigel invasion assays were used to study the effect of PAR-1 expression on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of the transfected cells.

RESULTSAppropriate up-regulation or down-regulation of protein expression of PAR-1 was observed in both transfected cell lines (PLA801C and PLA801D) to express PAR-1s or PAR-1as, respectively. Expression of the sense PAR-1 markedly increased cellular proliferation, adhesion and invasion of PLA-801C cells. In contrast, anti-sense PAR-1 significantly inhibited cell growth, adhesion and invasion capabilities, along with cell arrest at G0/G1 phase of the PLA-801D cells.

CONCLUSIONSSuccessful up- and down- regulation of expression of PAR-1 can be achieved by in-vitro transfection of sense and antisense PAR-1 constructs. PAR-1 may enhance metastasis of lung cancer through its regulation of cellular proliferation, adhesion and invasion. Down-regulation of expression of PAR-1 may provide a new therapeutic strategy against lung carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Giant Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA, Antisense ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the expansion method of high purity NK cells from human peripheral blood and explore the changes in biological functions of NK cells after ex vivo expansion.

METHODSNK cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) by using miniMACS (Magnetic cell-selection) and NK Cell Isolation Kit II, and cultured in SCEM (Stemline Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion Medium, Sigma) supplemented with 10% human AB serum and different combinations of interleukin (IL)-2 and/or IL-12, IL-15 for 15 days. Cultures were semi-exchanged with fresh media and cytokines every 3 days. Evaluation for cell expansion, phenotype, perforin and granzyme B mRNA expressions, and IFN-gamma secretion before and after the culture period.

RESULTSCD3(-) CD56(+) cells concentration increased from (11.2 +/- 5.2)% to (94.2 +/- 3.5)%. In group IL-2 + IL-15 and IL-2 + IL-15 + IL-12 group, cells were expanded 50.5 +/- 4.3 and 52.3 +/- 6.7 - fold, respectively, being significantly higher than that in other three groups [(15.4 +/- 1.1 fold in IL-2 group, 19.9 +/- 3.9 fold in IL-2 + IL-12 group, 6.1 +/- 1.0 fold in control group)] (P<0.01), but no significant difference between each other (P>0.05). The purity of CD3(-) CD56(+) NK cells was over 94% in all groups except the control. The perforin and granzyme B mRNA expressions of expanded NK cells in four experimental groups were significantly higher than those of before expansion (P<0.01) and the expressions in IL-2 + IL-15 and in IL-2 + IL-12 + IL-15 group were significant higher than in other three groups (P<0.01) while no significant difference between each other (P>0.05). IFN-gamma levels in the supernatants of four experiment groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01) and its levels order was IL-2 + IL-15 + IL-12 group > IL-2 + IL-12 group > IL-2 + IL-15 group > IL-2 group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONHigh purity NK cells isolated by negative selection using miniMACS can be efficiently expanded with IL-2 + IL-15, and their biological functions were enhanced.

Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-15 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Interleukins ; pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Perforin ; metabolism