Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention program of Xinjiang and to analyze the main problems to provide references for the adjusting on the intervention strategies in future work.Methods Based upon the combination of reviewing literatures,field investigations and questionnaires,an overall evaluation was made on the effectiveness of the program,supportive policies and intervention measures,etc.Results Some progressions had been achieved in the early days.However,in recent years,the negligence of the work and failed coordination between the related governments,and unbenefitting policies for iodinated salt,were the main obstacles for the progress.Conclusions To improve the progress of controlling iodine deficiency disorders,the government should fully carry on its responsibility,giving supports both of policy and funds.Salt administrative sector should make favourable policies to benefit the local population.And health sector should coordinate the related sectors,and reinforce the health education and surveillance.

The effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were investigated in cultured hippocampal neurons. Changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy using Fluo 3-AM as the calcium fluorescent probe. [Ca(2+)](i) was represented by relative fluorescent intensity. The results showed that: (1) ADM (0.01-1.0 micromol/L) decreased the resting [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. (2) Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) significantly inhibited the effects of ADM. (3) ADM significantly reduced the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by high K(+). (4) ADM markedly inhibited the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i), while did not influence ryanodine-evoked increase in [Ca(2+)](i). These results suggest that ADM reduces [Ca(2+)](i) in cultured hippocampal neurons through suppressing Ca(2+) release from IP(3)-sensitive stores. Although ADM does not alter resting Ca(2+) influx, it significantly suppresses Ca(2+) influx activated by high K(+). These effects may be partly mediated by CGRP receptors. ADM in the CNS may act as a cytoprotective factor in ischemic/hypoxic conditions.
Adrenomedullin ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Immersion ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on trans-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) induced malignant transformation in human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE).

METHODS10, 50 or 100 micro mol/L CHL were added into the media during the cells transformation induced by BPDE, and the malignant degree of transformed cells were identified by the ConA agglutination test and the assay for anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity.

RESULTSAfter the cells were cultured for 25 times, the time of cells agglutination in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE was increased significantly; the colony formation efficiency in soft agar in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE (7.4 per thousand, 11.4 per thousand and 14.4 per thousand ) showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner, as compared with that in group treated with BPDE alone (19.6 per thousand ). Cells treated with both CHL and BPDE or BPDE alone developed tumor in nude mice, a squamous carcinoma confirmed by histopathological examination. The volume of tumor in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE (0.43 +/- 0.13) cm(2), (0.22 +/- 0.04) cm(2) and (0.10 +/- 0.06) cm(3) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent, as compared with that in the group treated with BPDE alone (1.71 +/- 0.37) cm(3).

CONCLUSIONCHL showed significant antitransforming ability in human bronchial epithelial cell line induced by BPDE.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Chlorophyllides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; prevention & control

The GFP(green fluorescence protein)-streptavidin(SA) bi-functional fusion protein was generated and characterized in order to demonstrate novel platform for efficiently and durably modifying the cell surface with SA-tagged bi-functional proteins.The GFP-SA/pET24d construct was generated and expressed in BL21(DE3) host bacteria at the high level.The recombinant protein GFP-SA was purified through the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography,and then refolded.After biotinylation B16 tumor cells were modified with GFP-SA bi-functional fusion protein and then subjected to fluorescent microscopy and FACS analysis.The effect of surface modification on the viability and growth of B16.F10 tumor cells was evaluated by MTT staining.The GFP-SA recombinant fusion protein was expressed in BL21(DE3) at about 20 % of total bacterial proteins.The GFP-SA bi-functional fusion protein exhibited the bi-functionality,i.e.,SA-mediated high-affinity binding to biotinylated cell surfaces and GFP-emitted green fluorescence.The cell surface modification with GFP-SA bi-functional fusion protein did not affect the viability and growth of the modified B16.F10 tumor cells significantly.The GFP-SA bi-functional fusion protein was obtained and could be displayed efficiently on the surface of the biotinylated B16.F10 tumor cells through the specific and tight interaction between streptavidin and biotin,thus can be used as good trace protein and experimental control in the development of surface-modified tumor vaccine.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral blood Th17 cells, IL-17 and IL-21 in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia. 60 patients with acute leukemia (19 patients with ALL, 41 patients with AML) were divided into non-remission group (group A, n=24), remission group (group B, n=36); 25 healthy volunteers were used as control group (group C). In addition to this, these 60 patients were divided into infection group (n=32) and non-infection group (n=28) on the basis of infection status. The concentration of IL-17 and IL-21 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatant after stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAb were determined with ELISA. The expression of CD4+ IL-17+ cells was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that (1) the concentrations of IL-17 and IL-21, and proportion of Th17 cells in group A and group B were much lower than those in group C (p<0.05); (2) the expression levels of IL-17 and IL-21, and the proportion of Th17 cells in group A were lower than those in group B (p<0.05); (3) the expression levels of Th17 and IL-17 in infection group were lower than those in non-infection group (p<0.05). It is concluded that Th17 cells may play important roles in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia through secreting IL-17 and IL-21, and their functional level can partially reflect the status of leukemia and can be used to evaluate the risks of infection in patients with leukemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Th17 Cells ; secretion ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between children's temperament and dental fear.

METHODS254 children(aged 4-6 years) during first dental treatment took part in the investigation. Their parents answered the Chinese preschool children's temperament scales (CPTS). The Frankl method was used to classify the degree of the children's dental fear. The K independent samples test and One-way ANOVA test were performed to find the differences of the type of temperament and the scores of temperament dimension among three groups.

RESULTSAmong the 254 children(aged 4-6 years), 104 had no fear, 80 had fear and 70 had extreme fear. The incidence of dental fear in children was 59.06%. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) of dental fear between boys and girls. There were statistically significant differences for the type of temperament among no fear group, fear group and extreme fear group. The scores of adaptability and quality of mood were higher in the extreme fear group and fear group than that in the no fear group. The differences in scores of adaptability and quality of mood was statistically significant between the extreme fear group and no fear group. But the scores of other seven temperament dimensions had no statistical significant differences among three groups.

CONCLUSIONChildren's dental fear is correlated to their temperaments. The tendencies of negative mood and slow adaptability should be considered that the patients were at risk of developing dental fear problem.

Child ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Anxiety ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Temperament

OBJECTIVETo study the suppressive effect of purified and renaturalized rhIL-24 protein on the human A375 cell melanoma in nude mouse.

METHODSHuman A375 cells were injected into the nude mouse. After the volume of tumor attained, rhIL-24 was injected into the tumor. 2 weeks later, the tumors were resected for measurement of volume and weight, following with pathological and immunohistochemistry examination.

RESULTSThe volume and weight of tumors were decreased markedly after treatment of rhIL-24, when compared with those in controls. The expression of Bax gene upregulated, while Bcl-2, CD34 and VEGF gene downregulated. It indicated tumor growth inhibition and inducing of apoptosis of tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONSrhIL-24 has a suppressive effect on the A375 cell melanoma in nude mouse. It can also induce the A375 cell apoptosis without side effect on nude mouse.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukins ; pharmacology ; Melanoma, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of emergency facial trauma in children and mother's cognition on it.

METHODSDescriptive analysis was undertaken for 216 children with maxillofacial trauma. The analysis included age distributions of the children, reasons and places for the trauma, and positions and severity degrees of the trauma. The questionnaires were carried out for the patients' mothers, to understand the cognition degrees and prognosis factors.

RESULTSMost of the patients with facial trauma were aged 1-6, with the male and female ratio of 1.4:1. Falls were the leading cause for the maxillofacial injuries(83.33%). The most common types of injury were the soft tissue injuries (63.43%) and the teeth injuries (31.94%), the jaw fractures were least. 50.00% accidents occurred at home. 97.22% mothers had no knowledge of the facial injuries in children. 69.44% mothers thought it avoidable. It were relevant between mothers' educations and injuries times (chi2 = 18.16, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMothers lack the knowledge is one of the most important reasons for the maxillofacial injuries in children. Propaganda should be increased among them to reduce risks of maxillofacial injuries.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Facial Injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; Parents ; Skull Fractures ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tooth Injuries

AIMTo study the dissolution rate of solid pharmaceutical preparation on-line, a multiple channel fiber-optic chemical sensor based on fluorescence multiple quenching (FOCSMQ) without filtering and sampling was made.

METHODSUsing the multiple channel FOCSMQ linked with computer, the dissolution rates of ofloxacin tablets, metronidazole tablets and nitrofurantoin tablets were monitored continuously on-line. The instrument can give the sample data, display the real time curve and calculate the T1/2 and td automatically. A computer was used to select the best function from five common fitting models to fit the dissolution curve.

RESULTSThe average recoveries of the FOCSMQ method were 97.4%-104.4%, 97.4%-103.8% and 96.6%-102.1%. The RSDs (n = 6) of within-day and between-day were less than 5%. The parameters of the dissolution and all results of measurement using the instrument have no significant difference compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) (2000) method and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) (23) method (P > 0.05). It does not need sampling and dilution, and never contaminate sample. It can shorten time of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and reliable.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; Fiber Optic Technology ; methods ; Metronidazole ; chemistry ; Nitrofurantoin ; chemistry ; Ofloxacin ; chemistry ; Optical Fibers ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Transducers