Objective To explore the clinical features and endoscopic manifestations of eosinophilic gastroente-ritis(EG)in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,endoscopy(upper and/or colonoscopy)performance,diagnosis and treatment of 49 cases of patients who were diagnosed as EG in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2013 to July 2015.Results The common clinical manifestations of EG in children were hematochezia(23 cases),diarrhea(20 cases),vomiting(18 cases)and abdominal pain(15 cases).The ages of children admitted to hospital for the first time ranged from 1 month and 7 days old to 13 years and 7 months old,and the mean age was 59.4 months old,in which most patients were younger than 1 year old,accounting for 38.77％(19 cases)of all.Peripheral blood eosinophilia was present in 20 cases(40.82％)of the patients,and only 6/18 cases(33.33％)of the patients had elevated serum IgE.Upon endoscopic analysis,the lesions involved esophagus(4 cases),stomach(14 cases),duodenum(20 cases),small intestine(15 cases),colon(28 cases)and rectum(6 cases),and the most common manifestation under gastroscopy was mucosal hyperemia edema(27 cases)and erosion(9 cases),while the most common manifestation under colonoscopy was mucosal hyperemia edema(25 cases)and nodular hyperplasia(24 cases).All patients improved with food restriction,in which 8 cases were treated with glucocorticoid while 9 cases with oral Singulair and 9 cases with oral Loratadine.All children with symptoms were alleviated somewhat,but 5 cases of them relapsed after drug withdrawal.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of EG in children varied and were mainly hematochezia,vomiting,diarrhea and abdominal pain.Some patients had the elevated peripheral blood eosinophilia and serum IgE.The most common manifestations under gastroscopy were mucosal hyperemia edema and erosion while the most common manifestations under colonoscopy were mucosal hyperemia edema and nodular hyperplasia.

Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Motion Sickness ; genetics ; Rats

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the effects of aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (ATL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice.Methods Thirty male SPF BALB/C mice,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 25-30 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =10 each):normal saline group (group NS),LPS group and ATL groups.ATL 0.1 ml was injected via the tail vein 1 h after intra-tracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg LPS in LPS group.In ATL group,ATL 0.2 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein 1 h after intra-tracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg LPS.At 24 h after instillation,the mice were sacrificed.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for determination of the total cell count,proportion of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes,proportion of the mononuclear leukocytes,and concentrations of the total protein,TNF-αt,IL-6,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10.Lungs were removed for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (p38 MAPK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.Results Compared with NS group,the lung injury scores,total cell counts,proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes,and concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased,and the proportion of mononuclear leukocytes was decreased in LPS and ATL groups,and IL-10 concentrations were decreased,and the concentrations of the total protein,MPO activity,and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,JNK and ERK1/2 were significantly increased in group LPS (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change in the concentrations of the total protein,MPO activity,phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,JNK and ERK1/2 was found in group ATL (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,the lung injury scores,total cell counts,proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the concentrations of the total protein,TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 were significandy decreased,the proportion of mononuclear leukocytes and IL-10 concentration were increased,and MPO activity and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK were decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was found in group ATL (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ATL can ameliorate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting activations of p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways in mice.

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cell Aggregation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Meningitis, Viral ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin ( Hb ) levels and diabetic retinopathy( DR) risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM) . Methods A total of 629 patients who were hospitalized and diagnosed as T2DM were enrolled in the study. The clinical data were collected;All participants underwent an ophthalmic examination, including fundus photographs. They were divided into DR and non-diabetic retinopathy( NDR) groups based on the results of fundus examination. Anemia was defined according to Chinese anemia criteria. The analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between Hb levels and DR risks. Results The patients with DR had lower hemoglobin levels and a higher prevalence of anemia compared to those without DR. A univariate analysis displayed a significant negative correlation between Hb levels and the rates of DR( P<0.01) . In multivariate linear regression, a 29％ decrease in DR risk was found with a 1 g/dl increase in Hb level(OR=0.713, 95％CI 0.598-0.850, P<0.01). Presence of anemia increased the risk of DR with OR=4.123(95％CI 1.793-9.478, P<0.01) times compared to those who did not have anemia. Conclusion The study indicates a negatire relationship letween Hb levels and DR risk, and a higher Hb levels may reduce the development of DR in T2DM.

Objective To explore a new model of medical humanity education in new situation. Methods Extensive survey was carried out among medical students,and discussion and consultation were hold to faculty and education administers.A new teaching model was established. Results A curriculum system with 1 or 2 core courses supported by some elective courses and social practice is under the process of implementation and achieved preliminary success.Conclusion The medical humanity education should pay attention to the development of connotation instead of pursuing the extension of quantity blindly,which means that students' school work must be eased by focusing on self-study and self-education.Medical students'life path with high-minded personality training should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo study how to diagnose thrombosis of intracranial venous sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT). Methods6 cases with intracranial venous sinus and CVT were analysed by clinical features and imaging signs. ResultsMost patients had symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension. Some patients manifested symptoms of whole brain or focal neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) play important roles for the diagnosis of intracranial venous sinus and CVT, however, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is one of the most reliable method for early diagnosis of the above diseases.Conclusions According to clinical features and imaging signs, intracranial venous sinus and CVT could be diagnosed accurately .

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between the genetic polymorphisms of mannose-binding protein (MBP) alleles and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.

METHODS125 pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 198 healthy controls were collected. A case-control study was conducted. Three structural gene mutations in exon 1 of MBP gene (codon 52, codon 54 and codon 57) were studied. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was carried out in the polymorphism in MBP alleles. Information on related risk factors of tuberculosis was collected, using a pre-tested questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted with SPSS software package.

RESULTSThe frequencies of mutant heterozygote or homozygote of MBP-52, 54, 57 were 8.0%, 7.2% and 0.4% for cases and 5.3%, 4.3%, 0.5% for controls, respectively. The distribution of mutant genotypes of MBP did not show significant difference between tuberculosis patients and control by Mantel-Haenszel chi2 on sex. The univariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index, marital status, vaccinal vestige, bacillus of Calmette-Guerin vaccine immunization, contacted with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, familial traits were the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. After adjusting those related environmental factors in the multivariate logistic analyses, the total MBP (MBP-52, MBP-54 and MBP-57) and MBP-52 heterozygote genotypes were significantly overrepresented in cases, with adjusted OR (95% CI) being 2.182 (1.058-4.499) and 2.574 (1.028-6.446).

CONCLUSIONTotal MBP and MBP-52 mutant genotypes might be associated with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.