The effects of different concentrations of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) on the fibrovascular ingrowth into rabbits hydroxyapatite orbital implant were investigated. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups and received hydroxyapatite orbital implant surgery in their right eyes. Before and after the operation, the implants were treated with 10 ng/ml VEGF, 100 ng/ml VEGF, or normal saline as control group. The animals received technetium bones scan at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The mean radioactivity counts within region of interest (ROI) of the surgery eye (R) and the non-surgery eye (L) in the same animal were tested, and the R/L ratios were calculated. The implants were harvested at 6th weeks and examined histopathologically. The results showed that at second week, there was no significant difference in mean R/L ratios between VEGF group and control group (F=2.83, P=0.111); At 4th week (F=7.728, P=0.011) and 6th week (F=7.831, P=0.011) postoperatively, the mean ratios in VEGF groups were significantly higher than that in control group. At 6th week postoperatively, the fibrovascularization rates in VEGF groups were higher than in control group significantly (F=8.711, P=0.008). It was suggested that VEGF could promote the fibrovascular ingrowth into hydroxyapatite orbital implant, thus might shorten the time required for complete vascularization of the HA orbital implant.
Eye, Artificial ; *Hydroxyapatites ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*drug effects ; Orbit/blood supply ; *Orbital Implants ; Random Allocation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*pharmacology

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of short-segment fixation and injured vertebra bone grafting through injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures under MAST Quadrant retractor via a paraspinal muscle approach.

METHODSThe data of 42 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated from June 2009 to September 2012 were reviewed. There were 19 males and 23 females, with an average age of (55.2±11.9) years old. The mean injury time was (5.8±4.3) days. Fracture segments included T10 in 3 cases, T11 in 6 cases, T12 in 13 cases, L1 in 9 cases, L2 in 7 cases, and L3 in 4 cases. According to Denis classification, 9 patients were type A, 21 patients were type B, 5 patiens were type C, 5 patients were type D, and 2 patients were type E. All the patients were treated with short-segment pedicle screw-rod system fixation under MAST Quadrant via the paraspinal muscle approach. The operative time, blood loss, complications and the height of vertebra, kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores, JOA scores were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle were restored. Compared with preoperative results, postoperative vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle, VAS scores and JOA scores were all improved. But there was no statistically significance in vertebral height, kyphosis Cobb angle between postoperative at 1 week and 1 year.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation combined with injured vertebra bone grafting through the injured pedicle for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures via the paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant is a safe, minimally invasive, effective and satisfactory method.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Objective To investigate status and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections from 2007 to 2013 in Suzhou region .Methods MP was determined by fluores‐cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 34 332 sputum specimens of hospitalized children with respiratory tract infec‐tions in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from 2007 to 2013 .Results The total detection rate of MP was 19 .01% in children with respiratory tract infections in Suzhou from 2007 to 2013 .Annual MP infection rates from 2007 to 2013 were 5 .45% ,6 .95% ,14 .06% ,18 .51% ,4 .85% ,25 .94% and 28 .68% respectively ,among which the infection rates of MP in 2012 and 2013 were significantly higher than that in other years (P<0 .05) .The infection rates of MP in female children(21 .01% )was higher than that in male children(17 .81% ) ,there was statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .The infection rates of MP in children <1 years old ,1- <4 years old ,4- <7 years old and 7-14 years old were 8 .88% ,18 .05% ,35 .28% and 52 .39% respec‐tively ,and significant differences of infection rates of MP were observed among the age groups(P<0 .05) .The infection rates of MP in spring ,summer ,autumn and winter were 15 .96% ,28 .38% ,21 .71% and 11 .01% respectively ,and significant differences of in‐fection rates of MP were observed among the seasons(P<0 .05) .Conclusion MP is one of the most common pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infection in children ,which shows gender ,age and season differences in infection rate .Children aged 7 to 14 years old are susceptible to be infected by MP in summer and autumn ,especially in July and August ,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of MP infection .

Background Even though the change in wavefront aberrations with correction modality is well documented in the literature,little is known about the underlying mechanism.Complete understanding of the causes responsible for the wavefront change in the combined lens-eye system is important since it provides basic knowledge for further improving the technique to correct refractive error by correcting lenses.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of refractive correction lens on optical property of the eye by analyzing Zernike aberrations in myopic eyes with contact lens correction.Methods This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before entering this study.Zernike aberrations of 52 myopic eyes of 26 subjects with the spherical equivalent-1.75 to-8.50 D were measured using a Hartmann-Shock wavefront sensor.The human eye aberrations were examined at the uncorrected condition,rigid-gas-permeable contact lens (RGP-CL) corrected condition and soft contact lens (Soft-CL) corrected condition.The differences of wavefront aberrations and Zernike coefficients were compared by repeated measurement of single factor variance analysis,and correlation of the aberration changes between uncorrected condition and RGP-CL corrected condition or Sofi-CL corrected condition,between the right eyes and left eyes in different conditions were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Mean total root-mean-square (tRMS) was (0.71 ± 0.30)μm,(0.54±0.19)μm and (0.74±0.32)μm in the uncorrected condition,RGP-CL corrected condition and Soft-CL corrected condition,with a significant difference (F =8.758,P＜0.001),and tRMS was significant declined under the RGP-CL corrected condition compared with uncorrected condition (t =2.746,P =0.008),and tRMS in RGP-CL corrected condition was significantly lower than that in Soft-CL corrected condition (t =3.428,P =0.001).The high RMS (hRMS) was (0.34±0.12) μm,(0.28 ±0.12) μm,(0.40±0.14) μm in the uncorrected condition,RGP-CL corrected condition and Soft-CL corrected condition,with a significant difference among them (F =10.681,P＜0.001).An insignificant decrease of hRMS was seen in the RGP-CL corrected condition compared with uncorrected condition (t =1.987,P=0.053),but hRMS value was significant higher in the Soft-CL corrected condition than that in the uncorrected condition (t=2.101,P=0.041) and RGP-CL corrected condition (t=4.266,P＜0.001).Compared with uncorrected condition,the axis astigmatism (C5) and spherical aberration (C12) in the RGP-CL corrected condition and spherical aberration (C12) in the Soft-CL corrected condition were significantly reduced (P＜0.05),and the absolute values of trefoil (C6),vertical coma (C7) and tetrafoil (C10) in the RGP-CL corrected condition were lower than those of the uncorrected condition,but vertical coma (C7) absolute value in the Soft-CL corrected condition was increased (P＜0.05).A significantly positive correlation was seen in the spherical aberration (C12) between the RGP-CL corrected condition and uncorrected condition (r =0.763,P＜0.001),and less significant correlation was in the secondary astigmatism (C11) between the Soft-CL corrected condition and uncorrected condition(r=0.469,P＜0.001).Conclusions Different contact lens corrected conditions exert their effects on ocular wavefront structure due to its unique interaction with the eye.RGP-CL wearing has strong modification on wavefront aberrations probably due to its molding effect on corneal surface,which reduces the bilateral symmetry.High order wavefront aberration can be modified by Soft-CL wearing.

Objective: To observe the migration of 4,4＇-diaminostilbene-2,2＇-disulfonc acid-based fluorescent whitening agents ( DSD-FWAs ) in food packaging paper, so as to provide evidence for quality and safety supervision for paper packaging materials. Methods: Forty-one paper samples with DSD-FWAs positive were made into 6 cm2 pieces and were soaked in four food simulants ( distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and 95% ethanol, 10 mL each ). The experiment was carried out at the specified soaking temperature and time. The migration amounts of eleven DSD-FWAs were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Results: C.I.220, C.I.24, C.I.210, C.I.85, C.I.113, C.I.264, C.I.353 and C.I.357 were found in all the four food simulants. At the same time and temperature, the migration amount was highest in 10% ethanol, followed by distilled water, 3% acetic acid and 95% ethanol. C.I.220 was dissolved in all four food simulants, in the range of 20-90 ℃, the migration amount increased with soaking temperature; at 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃, the migration amount increased first and then stabilized over time. Conclusion The higher the storage temperature and the longer the storage time of paper packaging, the easier the DSD-FWAs in packaging paper migrate to food.

To observe the effect of intracarotid administration of adrenomedullin (AM) on the spontaneous electrical activity of area postrema (AP) neurons, 78 spontaneous active units were recorded from 63 sino-aortic denervated Sprague-Dawley rats using extracellular recording technique. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Following intracarotid administration of AM (0.3 nmol/kg), the discharge rate of 47 out of 78 units increased markedly from 2.99+/-0.24 to 4.79+/-0.29 spikes/s (P<0.001), 20 units decreased from 3.24+/-0.46 to 1.97+/-0.37 spikes/s (P<0.001), and the remaining 11 showed no response. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) did not change throughout the experimentation. (2) Pretreatment with intracarotid administration of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 (3 nmol/kg) did not change the effects of AM. (3) Following intracarotid injection of NO precursor L-arginine (30 mg/kg), the excitatory effect of AM was attenuated. The above results indicate that AM can excite spontaneous electrical activity of AP neurons, this effect is not mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor but may be attenuated by NO precursor L-arginine.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; innervation ; physiology ; surgery ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; Carotid Sinus ; innervation ; physiology ; surgery ; Denervation ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the expression and mutual relationship between transforming growth factor-?(TGF-?) and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) in children's renal tissues,as well as the effect of the 2 indexes on the renal pathological change.Methods According to the severity of renal pathological change under light microscope,61 cases were divided into 3 groups:named control group(26 cases,clinically diagnosed as thin basement membrane nephropathy),test group Ⅰ [22 cases,clinically diagnosed as less evident focal segmental glomerulosclerosi(FSGS) nephropathy] and test group Ⅱ(13 cases,clinically diagnosed as evident FSGS nephropathy).Immunity class test(SP method:streptavidinbiotin peroxidase method) was used to detect the representation of HGF and TGF-?.Semi-quantitative analysis had been carried out in all cases.Film reading of cell was viewed by Olympus microscope,brown yellow from cytoplase as the positive signal,10 high power microscope visions were randomly selected from renal glomerali area and 10 from renal interstitium area.Medical image analysis software was used to determine the masculine area of HGF or TGF-? and image intensity;then the immunity class index was defined as masculine area ? image intensity.Results 1.HGF and TGF-? existed in all renal tissues;2.Expressions of HGF and TGF-? increased obviously along with FSGS pathology alteration(Pa

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.