Erectile dysfunction (ED), as a common male disease, seriously affects the patients' sexual life quality. Most ED patients benefit from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, but some refractory ED sufferers fail to respond to them. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the relevant molecular signaling pathways of penile erection and molecular pathogenesis of ED have been gradually clarified, and attempts have been made at a better management or a complete cure of ED with advanced molecular biological methods such as the gene therapy. This article presents an overview on the research progress in the molecular signaling pathways, molecular pathogenesis, and gene therapy of ED.
Biomedical Research ; Erectile Dysfunction ; genetics ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; genetics ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Signal Transduction

Female ; Granuloma, Respiratory Tract ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ; pathology

With the increasing incidence and prevalence of male sexual dysfunction, andrologists are more and more in need of accurate and efficient tools to assess therapeutic efficacy and patients' satisfaction and to help patients achieve satisfactory treatment results. This article summarizes some of the most commonly used questionnaires for the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, including International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE), Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS), Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM), and Symptomatic Inventory for Screening Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Males (SILOH), and presents an overview on their clinical application.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective 1.To establish an improved method by inhaling hyperosmotic saline and mucosolvan ampoule and to observe the security and validity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).2.To observe the changes of cell component and soluble substance in the induced sputum of the elderly patients with COPD at their acute and stable stage,and explore the role of these substances in airway inflammation. Methods 1.40 elderly patients with COPD who were at their acute stage were stochastically divided into two groups,20 patients each,who inhaled hyperosmotic saline(3%)(group A)and hyperosmotie saline(3%)plus ambroxol hydrochloride(group B).We compared their electrocardiogram before and after inhalation,lung function,saturation of oxygen in artery,cell component,inflammatory factors in sputum and validity of inducing sputum.2.The cell component,inflammatory factors and the lung function of the patients in group B were determined at their acute and stable stage. Results 1.55.0% of the patients in group A felt uncomfortable.and 2 of them had excessive bronchial irritability so not undergoing sputum inducement.However,side effects were found in only 5 patients of the group B.Side effects in the group B were lower than those in hyperosmotic saline group(P＜0.05).Before and after the experiment,electrocardiogram of the patients in the two groups had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).It was the same as lung function and oxygenic saturation.Cell component and inflammatory faetors in the sputum of the two groups had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).2.In group B,the total cells,monoeyte,neutrophil,IL-8 and TNF-αof the patients at their acute stage were(3.4 5±0.52)×108/L,(38.8±4.3)%,(30.8±3.1)%,(316.75±43.14)ng/L,(39.4±4.58)ng/L.respectively.And those at their stable stage were(2.94±0.57)×108/L,(29.1±6.1)%,(28.2±4.2)%,(170.00±25.70)ng/L,(20.60±5.10)ng/L,respectively.The total cells,monocyte,neutrophils,IL-8 and TNF-α in acute and stable stage of the patients had statistical significance(P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation of the total cells,monocyte,neutrophil,IL-8,TNF-αwith the degree of the disease in group B at acute and stable stage. Conclusions The results suggest that inhaling ambroxol hydrodiloride is a practical,safe and effective method,for clarifying the mechanism of airway inflammation in elderly patients with COPD.

Objective To investigate the anti-fibrogenesis property of imatinib mesylate in a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride/olive oil and its effect on the expression of trans- forming growth factor(TGF)-?1.Methods Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administra- tion of carbon tetrachloride and olive oil mixture twice a week for eight weeks.Imatinib mesylate was given 20 mg/kg daily by oral lavage.The control rats received saline by oral iavage.Liver collagen depo- sition was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with Masson staining.The activation of hepatic stellate cells was detemined by the immunohistoehemistry staining of?-smooth muscle actin.The mRNA expres- sions of TGF-?1,c-Abl and TIMP-1 were measured by RT-PCR.While protein expressions of TGF-?1, phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-Abl were detected by Western blot and im- munohistochemical staining.Hepatic hydroxyproline content was also quantified.Results The collagen deposition[(16.23?1.01)%vs(25.61?0.92)%]and the number of activated HSCs(10.52?1.33vs 13.10?1.21)were reduced in the imatinib mesylate treatment group compared with the control group by 35% and 20%,respectively(P

Objective To study the pain relief effectiveness of the combined spinal epidural analgesia(CSEA) and the inhalation of nitrous oxide, and the influences on the mothers and infants Methods The 300 cases of pregnant women were randomly divided into 3 groups: CSEA group,nitrous oxide group and control group The nitrous oxide group was that pregnant women inhaled nitrous oxide premixed with oxygen (50%∶50%),the pregnant women of the CSEA group were injected fentanyl and bupivacaine in the subarachnoid and epidural space,analgesic was not used in the control group The degree of labor pain, duration of the labor,way of delivery, bleeding volume, rate of anoxia of newborn,blood gas analysis to maternal radius artery and fetal umbilical blood among 3 groups were observed Results The effect for analgesia labor of the CSEA group was much better than that of the nitrous oxide group ( P 0 05) In the second stage of labor,the 3 groups were alike to each other The bleeding volume of caesarean section (373?77) ml in the nitrous oxide group was much more than the other 2 groups, there was no difference between the CSEA group (259?78) ml and the control group (239?89) ml The rate of obstetric forceps of CSEA group was higher than the control group ( P

Objective　To find out the infection of brucella among local people.Methods　To implement requirement of brucella surveillance program according to the prevention and cure of brucella document.From 1996-1998,continous surveillance of the group people aged 7～60 years was done.Results　Three years surveillance showed that in Yuli county the brucella average infection rate is 13.11%,the rate of contracting disease is 2.62%.Such disease happened among different profession and different kinds of people.It shows that the brucela infection has transferred and diffused from pasturing area to rural section and town.Conclusions　The ways is to adopt the available prevention and cure ways,to avoid the source of brucella infection,to strengthen the prevention and cure of the brucella infection among the animals,to improve people's protection consciousness,to reduce the harm that disease done to people.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in Valsar-tan hydrochlorothiazide tablets. METHODS:UPLC was adopted. The determination was performed on Phenomenex C18 column with mobile phase consisted of [0.1% phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile(95 : 5,V/V)]-[0.1% phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile (5 : 95,V/V)](gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 272 nm,and the column tem-perature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 1.5 μL. RESULTS:The linear range were 8.1-324.2 μg/mL for valsartan(r=0.9999)and 1.2-50.1 μg/mL for hydrochlorothiazide(r=0.9999). The limits of quantitation were 0.24,0.04 ng,and the limits of detection were 0.06,0.01 ng. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were less than 2.0%;recoveries were 97.69%-100.35%for valsartan(RSD=1.03%,n=9)and 98.27%-100.60% for hydrochlorothiazide(RSD=0.83%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome