Objective To explore the surgical strategy and effects for treating complex malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava (IVC) or/and the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle.Methods Between Dec 2004 and Jul 2008, eight patients underwent surgical resections, among those seven patients with tumors of IVC or the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle were operated on under deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass( CPB), and one patient with recurrence of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC successfully underwent en bloc resection and caval reconstruction. The prosthetic graft was used for IVC reconstruction in two patients and vascular patch in the other two patients. Preoperative chest roentgenography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude the presence of metastatic disease, to assess local resectability of the tumour and the extent of involvement and obstruction of the IVC. Results One patient died of liver failure postoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in other 7 patients. On follow-up two patients died 2 and 5 months later due to functional disorder of the liver. Three patients have been followed up for 14 - 24 months and were

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of occupational exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in the pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) of a hospital, and identify the sources of 5-Fu contamination.

METHODSThe 5-Fu concentrations in air, on the surface of different areas in PIVAS and personal protective equipments were detected using UV-vis spectrophotometry.

RESULTSThe 5-Fu in air could not be detected. The 5-Fu concentrations on five different surfaces of biological safety cabinets were (22.00 +/- 6.35), (13.99 +/- 2.46), (14.13 +/- 0.72), (7.25 +/- 1.19) and (9.87 +/- 1.23) ng/cm2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(3.14 +/- 0.04), (5.43 +/- 0.65), (2.26 +/- 0.17), (2.26 +/- 0.17) and (3.63 +/- 0.46) ng/cm2] of corresponding controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The 5-Fu concentrations of the floor under cabinets [(18.19 +/- 5.22) ng/cm2], the floor in front of cabinets [(10.25 +/- 2.57)ng/cm2], the office floor [(11.64 +/- 2.53) ng/cm2], the terrace floor [(99.89 +/- 14.06 ) ng/cm2], the floor beside trash can in dressing room [(24.54 +/- 0.23) ng/cm2] were significantly higher than those of control [(3.36 +/- 0.11 ) ng/cm2] (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The 5-Fu concentrations of the tables in preparation room [(7.22 +/- l.04) ng/cm2] and the tables in office [(11.81 +/- 1.18) ng/cm2] were significantly higher than those of control [(5.56 +/- 0.14) ng/cm2] (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The 5-Fu concentrations of the indoor handle in preparation room were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). 5-Fu concentrations on the surfaces of outdoor handle and floor beside door in preparation room were not significantly increased compared with controls (P > 0.05). The 5-Fu concentrations on the surfaces of infusion bags, transfer box, transfer trays were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). The differences of 5-Fu concentrations between outer and inner masks and controls were not significant (P > 0.05). The 5-Fu concentrations of gloves of preparing and checking staffs were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe preparing and checking process of 5-Fu and the treatment of medical wastes are major sources of 5-Fu contamination.

Antineoplastic Agents ; analysis ; Drug Administration Routes ; Fluorouracil ; analysis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital

OBJECTIVETo construct human-SCID chimeric mice through implantation of mononuclear cells from human cord blood and study the immunoreaction of SCID-Hu IC mice immunized with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 vaccine.

METHODS(1) Experiment groups were injected with the suspension of mononuclear cells from human cord blood through a tail vein; the control ones were injected with non serum RPMI 1640 medium. Eight weeks after implantation, blood was collected and human serum IgG level in the mice were tested, and human CD45, CD3 and CD19 were determined. (2) SCID-Hu IC mice were divided into two groups: in group A the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus and in group B the mice were immunized through nasal drip with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus. At the end of fourth week, the serum specific IgG antibody to rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus, IFN-gamma in culture medium of spleen lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte propagation were tested.

RESULTS(1) In the experiment groups, the number of mice positive for human IgG was 10/15, the average values of CD45, CD3 and CD19 were (9.39+/-4.21), (3.25+/-3.99) and (1.69+/-0.75), respectively. In the control ones, the human IgG, CD45, CD3 and CD19 were negative. (2) The results in the experiment groups showed that the IFN-gamma and T-lymphocyte stimulated by HPV16 protein were higher than those in the non-stimulated group (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The results indicated that the construction of human-SCID chimaera through the implantation of mononuclear cells from human cord blood into SCID mice was successful. They also indicated that the reconstructed SCID-Hu IC mice has the ability to produce immune response against rAd5HPV16L1-E7 recombinant virus.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Antigens, CD19 ; blood ; CD3 Complex ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; transplantation ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; immunology ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate oxidative DNA damage in pharmacy technicians preparing antineoplastic drugs at the PIVAS (Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service) in two Chinese hospitals.

METHODSUrinary 8-OHdG served as a biomarker. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) concentrations in air, masks and gloves were determined. The spill exposure of each PIVAS technician to antineoplastic drugs was investigated. Eighty subjects were divided into exposed group I, II, and control group I, II.

RESULTS5-FU concentration ratios for gloves and masks in exposed group I were significantly higher than those in exposed group II (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The average urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in exposed group I, control group I, exposed group II, and control group II were 14.69±0.93, 10.68±1.07, 10.57±0.55, and 11.96±0.73 ng/mg Cr, respectively. Urinary 8-OHdG concentration in exposed group I was significantly higher than that in control group I or that in exposed group II (P<0.01). There was a significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG concentrations and spill frequencies per technician (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere was detectable oxidative DNA damage in PIVAS technicians exposed to antineoplastic drugs. This oxidative DNA damage may be associated with their spill exposure experience and contamination of their personal protective equipment.

Adult ; Air ; analysis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; analysis ; toxicity ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; DNA Damage ; Deoxyguanosine ; analogs & derivatives ; urine ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; analysis ; toxicity ; Gloves, Protective ; Health Personnel ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Oxidative Stress ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIn order to investigate the characterization of mutation and genotype distributing in the younger group which was under the universal vaccination. The sequence of HBV was analyzed to offer the information to control and prevention in the area.

METHODSYoung person's sera with positive HBsAg are collected, and the Large S sequence of HBV including preS and S gene are amplified and sequenced. The genotype and serotype were determined by clastwal with the standard genotype sequence. And one virus complete genome is amplified.

RESULTSThe virus gene are successful amplified from the 33 sera. The sequence result indicate the 30 of 33 (90.9%) HBV genotype is B and 3 of 33 (9.0%) is C. The HBV serotype including ayw (1), adr (3), adw (29), 5 of 33 mutated in the "a" dominant of HBV, and the percentage is 15.2% . The HBV full length gene of serum number of 5856 is amplified and sequenced. Its genotype is B, serotype is adw and length is 3215 base.

CONCLUSIONSThe dominant genotype of HuNan is B, and the dominant serotype is adw.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo analyse the male reproductive toxicity of carbaryl.

METHODSThirty-one male carbaryl exposure workers and 46 male administrators in the office in a pesticide factory were selected as the exposure group and internal control group respectively, and 22 male administrators in a center for disease control and prevention were served as the external control group. In order to evaluate the exposure levels, the concentrations of carbaryl, methyl isocyanate, ammonia and phenol in the ambient air of the work place in these three groups were monitored simultaneously for three consecutive days. Moreover, three workers in the exposure group and the external control group were selected to evaluate the amount of carbaryl of individual and dermal contamination for three consecutive days. After the semen were collected according to the standard method, the workers'semen qualities were analysed with WHO method, the sperm morphology and the sperm motility were evaluated using micro-cell slide spectrum technology and computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) respectively.

RESULTSIn the exposure group, the concentrations of carbaryl and phenol (52.41 mg/m(3) and 0.08 mg/m(3) respectively) were significantly higher than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the carbaryl exposure area the geometric mean concentration of carbaryl with the individual sampling was 7.38 mg/m(3), and the geometric mean of dermal contamination detected in the carbaryl exposure area was 862.47 mg/m(2). Carbaryl was not found in the external control area (P < 0.01). The seminal volume [(2.39 +/- 1.44) ml] and the sperm motility [(1.77 +/- 0.61) grade] were significantly lower than those in the external control group (P < 0.05), and sperm motion parameters such as linearity (LIN, 39.89% +/- 6.00%), straightness (STR, 71.51% +/- 11.22%), straight line velocity [VSL, (26.29 +/- 7.84) microm/s] and beat cross frequency [BCF, (3.99 +/- 1.55) Hz] were lower than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.05), while the abnormal rates of viscidity, sperm motility and total aberration rate were higher than those in the external control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOccupational exposure to carbaryl production can affect the workers'sperm and semen quality to certain extent.

Adult ; Carbaryl ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Insecticides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Semen ; drug effects ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) delivery system by using liposome via PNA-DNA hybrids and to test the inhibitive action of antisense PNA on expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) related P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH.

METHODSTwo antisense PNAs were designed targeting at MDR-1 mRNA and then combined with partially complement DNAs respectively. The hybrids were delivered into cells using cationic liposome. The transfection efficiency, expression of P-gp and MDR-1 mRNA, intracellular adarimycin (ADM) were measured by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSTransfection of PNA increased the cell average fluorescence intensity significantly and the extent of increase was dependent on the concentration of PNA. After being transfected by both PNAs, P-gp expression of SK-N-SH cells decreased significantly and the intracellular ADM level was increased by about 3 times. The level of MDR-1 mRNA expression slightly decreased after transfection, but no statistical significance was observed.

CONCLUSIONSPNA can be delivered into tumor cells in form of PNA-DNA hybrids by cationic liposome. Properly designed antisense PNA can inhibit MDR related P-gp expression of SK-N-SH cells efficiently and specifically.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Humans ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

INTRODUCTION: Paraquat (PQ) intoxication is frequently associated with a high mortality rate. No specific treatment has been shown to reduce mortality in victims within the first 72 hours. We investigated the protective effects of rapamycin (Rapa) against PQ-induced toxicity in a zebrafish model. METHODS: To determine the maximum nonlethal concentration (MNLC) and lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of Rapa, zebrafish were treated at 2-5 days post fertilisation (dpf) and their mortality was recorded every 24 hours. At 5 dpf, the zebrafish were treated with PQ 100 µg/mL or PQ+Rapa (MNLC, 1/3 MNLC or 1/9 MNLC) for 72 hours, and the rate of survival was recorded every 24 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to test the signalling pathway of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). RESULTS: MNLC and LC50 of Rapa were determined to be 6.7 µg/mL and 28.9 µg/mL, respectively. At 48 hours, the PQ+Rapa groups had much lower mortality than the PQ group. The rates of survival of the PQ+Rapa groups were 43.33% (MNLC), 53.89% (1/3 MNLC) and 44.45% (1/9 MLNC), as compared to 19.45% in the PQ group, with the 1/3 MNLC group showing the highest rate of survival (p < 0.001). atg1 was slightly activated in the PQ group. In the PQ+Rapa groups, the expression of atg1 was markedly increased, suggesting strengthening of the autophagy process. CONCLUSION Rapa can increase the rate of survival of PQ-intoxicated zebrafish by inhibiting mTOR complex 1 and activating autophagy. Rapa could be an alternative first-line drug in the treatment of PQ poisoning.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Chang'an II Decoction ( II ))-containing serum on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in rats. METHODS: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced injury of Caco-2 monolayers were established as an inflammatory model of human intestinal epithelium. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with blank serum and Chang'an II Decoction-containing serum that obtained from the rats which were treated with distilled water and Chang'an II Decoction intragastrically at doses of 0.49, 0.98, 1.96 g/(kg·d) for 1 week, respectively. After preparation of containing serum, cells were divided into the normal group, the model group, the Chang'an II-H, M, and L groups (treated with 30 ng/mL TNF-α and medium plus 10% high, middle-, and low-doses Chang'an II serum, respectively). Epithelial barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of tight junctions (TJs). Immunofluorescence of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1 and nuclear transcription factor-kappa p65 (NF-κ Bp65) were measured to determine the protein distribution. The mRNA expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of MLCK, myosin light chain (MLC) and p-MLC were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Chang'an II Decoction-containing serum significantly attenuated the TER and paracellular permeability induced by TNF-α. It alleviated TNF-α-induced morphological alterations in TJ proteins. The increases in MLCK mRNA and MLCK, MLC and p-MLC protein expressions induced by TNF-α were significantly inhibited in the Chang'an II-H group. Additionally, Chang'an II Decoction significantly attenuated translocation of NF-κ Bp65 into the nucleus. CONCLUSION High-dose Chang'an II-containing serum attenuates TNF-α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. The underlying mechanism may be involved in inhibiting the MLCK-MLC phosphorylation signaling pathway mediated by NF-κ Bp65.