Objective To analyze analgesics administration from July 2005 to July 2006 in emergency rooms of the First, the Second and Fourth Affiliated Hospitals of China Medical University in order to provide a reference for clinically rational administration. Method The data of 2313 prescriptions with analgesics administered during one-year period were analyzed in many respects including the overview of the prescriptions, the frequency of anal-gesics administration, the system of defined daily doses (DDDs) and drug utilization index (DUI) of narcotic anal-gesics were analyzed, and a survey of 200 patients managed with some of those analgesics was done by using ques-tionaire as they were admitted to and discharged from the emergency room. The pain intensity was evaluated by a 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS). The respondents, excluding the mute or deaf, police custody, victims of domestic violence,mental disorder and age under 14,rated the levels of satisfaction with medication for pain relief. The data of frequency and percentage of the administration of analgeics were analyzed,and the scores of NRS were evaluated with the Paired-samples t -test. Results Most of analgesics were in the form of parenteral route usage, of which anisodamine and bucinnazine were employed in large proportion, and a small number of them was in the form of tablets. Trauma was the commonest cause of pain. Of the narcotic analgesics, meperidine was the most com-monly used analgesics, and its DDDs and DUI were much lower than that of WHO limits. Of the 200 patients, 71.5% patients rated a considerably high satisfaction with scores of (7.47 ±2.21) and (5.00 ± 3. 16) by NRS before and after medication,respectively ( ( -value 23.38,P < 0.01) .The patients presenting pain intensity with a scores of 4 or greater accounted for 57.5% . Conclusions The patients suffering from pain could lie rationally treated in the emergency rooms of those three hospitals. Narcotic analgesics should be cautiously employed, and there is room for improvement in pain management practice in emergency room.

Objective To investigate the effects of C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormonerelated protein (PTHrP107-139) on bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphometry and biomechanical properties in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and its effect on bone metabolism is also explored. Methods Forty 4-month old female Wistar rats in which 30 were ovariectomized and then divided into 3 groups: the placebo, the PTHrPC and the CT groups, the other 10 rats were Sham-operated as the control group (Sham). Five weeks later, the rats of PTHrPC and CT groups were subcutaneously injected with PTHrP107-139 (40 μg/kg) and Salmon Calcitonin (15 U/kg) respectively once every other day. The rats of the placebo and sham groups were injected with 0.2 ml saline once every other day. After treatment of 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and all samples were collected and analyzed. Results ① Compared with the placebo, the BMD and bone strength of PTHrPC and CT groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). ② Histomorphometry revealed that the tetracycline labeled bone surfaces, osteoid surfaces, mineral apposition rate and bone resorption rate were remarkably decreased in PTHrPC, and CT groups comparing with those of the placebo group. Conclusion Cter-minal PTHrP107-139 is effective in increasing the BMD, bone strength and quality when administered intermittently to ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats. Its increasing in bone quality may relate to reducing bone turnover and inhibiting resorption.

Objective To probe into the treatment effect and the influencing factors of early goal directed therapy(ECDT)in patients with septic shock.Method One hundred and twenty-six patients with septic shock were assigned into the treatment group(n=62)and the control group(n=64).The treatment group was administrated with EGDT,while the control group used conventional therapy for cycle and capacity support.Then sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,APACHE Ⅱ score before treatment and 28-dav-mortality were respectively recorded before the above-mentioned treatment and at 24 hours after the therapy in the two groups.The treatment group was again subdivided into two groups after 6 hours recovery according to the resuscitation results:the sufficiently resuscitated group(n=40)and insufficiently resuscitated group(n=22).Age,genders,correlated haemodynamic parameter,SOFA score,APACHE Ⅱ score and serum lactic acid concentration before resuscitation and 28 d mortality were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in SOFA score and APACHE Ⅱ score before resuscitation between the treatment group and the control group[SOFA:(12.26±4.37)vs.(12.54±5.21);APACHE Ⅱ:(21.26±6.03)vs.(21.64±6.80)].The two scores at 24 hours after resuscitation[SOFA:(9.18±3.63)vs.(10.62±4.27);APACHEⅡ:(14.92±3.81)vs.(18.21±4.25);P＜0.05]and 28-day-mortality rate(48.39%vs.76.56%,P＜0.05)of the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group.There was significant difference in the age,mean arterial pressure (MAP),APACHEⅡ score between the sufficiently restoring group and the insufficiental resuscitated group.The 28-day-mortality of the sufficiently restoring group was significantly lower than that in the insufficiently restoring group.Conclusions EGDT can improve the prognosis in patients with septic shock.Ages,MAP and APPCHE Ⅱ score before resuscitation can be the important factors of EGDT.

Objective To analyze MRI imaging features of patients with Wernicke encephalopathy after major surgical operation.Methods Clinical data including cranial MRI features were reviewed on five patients of Wernicke encephalopathy after major surgical operation from Jan 2012 to Nov 2013.Results The clinical features of patients with Wernicke encephalopathy after major surgical operation were noncharacterized and most of them had no specific value for diagnosis except for a definite history of vit B1 insufficiency.MRI imaging showed abnormal signal in the medial thalamus,third ventricle,surrounding area of the aqueduct of midbrain,column of fornix and the dorsal midbrain and pons ; Lesions were showed with long T1 and long T2 signal intensity and high signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR),and high signal intensity on DWI(b equals 1 000 s/mm2).ADC value in all lesions increased from [(0.46-0.59) ×10-3 mm2/s] before treatment to [(0.81-1.10) ×10-3 mm2/s] after vit B1 supplement.Conclusions Wernicke encephalopathy has typical MRI imaging presentations.Early diagnosis and timely supplement of vitamin B1 can improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of human parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP1-34) on osteoporosis of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. Methods Sixty 4-month-old female Wislar rats were involved in this study and 40 of them were ovariectomized and another 20 received sham operation. After 6 weeks of ovariectomy the osteoporosis model was confirmed by examing 10 ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. The 30 osteoporotic rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, i.e. PTHrP, estradiol and placebo. Human 40 ?g/kg PTHrP1-34 was subcutaneously injected once daily to PTHrP group and the estradiol group was injected with 40 ?g/kg estradiol benzoate once every 3 days.The placebo and shamoperated rats were given 0.2 ml saline every 3 days. The bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphology, the bone weight of dry and ash and serum Ca,P,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured after 3 months' therapy. Results After 6 weeks of ovariectomy, the lumbar BMD of ovariectomized rats were significantly declined compared with those of the sham-operated rats. After 12 weeks treatment the femoral and lumbar BMD and the rate of bone weight of dry and ash in the PTHrP group were increased obviously compared with those of placebo groups.There was no significant difference between PTHrP group and estradiol group, in PTHrP group the percent age of trabecular area,trabecular width,osteoblast surface and mineral apposition rate were obviously higher than those in placebo group.Conclusion Treatment with 40 ?g/kg dose of hPTHrP1-34 administered once daily is effective in treating ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Objective:To explore the role of CXCR2 in the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods:The expression of CXCR2 in HNSCC tissues of 105 cases was detected by immunohistochemical staining,the correlation between CXCR2 expression and cervical lymph node metastases of HNSCC was analysed.Then,3 stable HNSCC cell lines with CXCR2 interference were established,the effects of CXCR2 silencing on cell migration and invasion were observed by in vitro tests.Results:CXCR2 was positively expressed in 51.43% of HNSCC specimens and was statistically associated with the cervical lymph node metastases of HNSCC.CXCR2 silencing markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro.Conclu-sion:CXCR2 may play a key role in the invasion and metastases of HNSCC.

Objective To establish a method for amplification of immature dendritic cells(DC) from murine bone marrow in vitro and investigate correlations between maturation degree of DC and varying dosages of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF).Methods Dendritic cells from murine bone marrow were cultured with different dosages of rm GM-CSF.The suspension cells were examined with scanning electronic microscope,and the non-sensitized T lymphocyte proliferation was observed by mixed lymphocyte reaction.Results DC cultured in lower dosage of rmGM-CSF(GMlow DC) exhibited typical characteristics of DC,and had immature characteristics in cell phenotype and cell functions with high expression of CD11c and low expression of CD80,CD86 and MHC II on the surface of the cells.The ability of GmlowDC to stimulate the proliferation of non-sensitized T lymphocyte in vitro was weaker than that of GmhighDC.Conclusions The methods of immature DCs culturing establised by allthors was feasible.The dosage of rm GM-CSF has a direct relationship with the maturation degree of DC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the immune tolerance function and significance of allogene bone marrow injection to the small intestines transplantation of rats.MethodsInbreeding line rat F344/N and Wistar/A were selected to perform heterotopic graft of the whole small intestine. 7 days before allogene transplantation, donator bone marrow cells (BMC) were injected into thymus of acceptor (the testing group). According to the isogene and allogene rat transplant model, it was comprehended whether injecting allogene donator marrow into acceptor thymus could decrease the acute rejection after transplantation.Results3, 5 or 7 days after allogeneic rat dystopia whole small intestine transplantation, typical reject reaction appeared, but there was no reject reaction in isogenome and testing group. 3 days after allotransplantation, serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.01). The level of serum sIL-2R and TNF-α in the allogene marrow injecting group were only slight higher on the 3rd or 5th day, and getting downtrend, and there was no significant difference compared with isogenic transplantation group.ConclusionAllogenic donator bone marrow intrathymic injecting into acceptor 7 days before small intestina transplantation, can reduce the reject reaction after the grafting. The levels of serum sIL-2R and TNF-α can be selected as a sensitive early diagnosis index of acute rejection after small intestine transplantation.

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.

To establish a replication cellular model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine its application in antiviral drug evaluation,we constructed an expression plasmid which contained 1.3 copies of the HBV genome,and measured the level of viral replication after transient transfection in Huh7 cells.We then observed the effect of antiviral drug administration.1.3 fold of the HBV(ayw) gene fragment was cloned into pCR2.1 by PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion.The recombinant plasmid was trans ient transfected into Huh7 cells,HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA in supernatant of Huh7 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively; intracellular HBV replicative intermediates and intracellular HBV transcripts were detected by Southern blot and Northern blot respectively.The antiviral effect of adefovir,a novel anti-HBV nucleotide analogue,was evaluated in this cellular model system.The results indicated that a recombinant plasmid of HBV replicon was constructed successfully; the HBV genome carried in plasmid pHBV1.3 could efficiently replicate and be expressed in Huh 7 cells,adefovir could inhibit HBV replication in this cellular model,and the inhibition was dosage-dependent.The conclusion is HBV replicon,which can initiate viral replication efficiently in hepatoma cells,may be a useful tool in the study of HBV replication and antiviral drug.