Objective To investigate the relationship of cardiac function and ventricular structure with the training intensity and the periods lived in Tibet.Methods Sixty recruits to Tibet were selected and examined of their cardiac function,cardiac ventricular structure and the changes of elctrophysiology by color Doppler echocardiography and electro cardiogram.They were examined continuously in two years.After their training for three months together,they were divided into the different training intensity groups,Group A and Group B.The 30 recruits in Group A had high-intensity training,and the others in Group B had normal training.Results After three months,their cardiac function and ventricular structure had obvious difference in comparison with the level on plain( P 0.05 ).But there were obvious differences between in Tibet and on plain in the parameters of cardiac function and ventricular structure two years later( P 0.05 ).Conclusions Hypoxia can effect the cardiac function and ventricular structure directly.After three months in Tibet,cardiac function can fit the condition of hypoxia.The parameters of cardiac function are still less than those on plain.The right ventricules are bigger and the pulmonary arteries wider as the main character of the ventricular structure changes.The indexes of cardiac function showed no significant difference with the training intensity and the periods in Tibet.

OBJECTIVETo explore efficacy enhancing and detoxification roles of Jiedu Quyu Zishen Recipe (JQZR) in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by studying its effect on Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) signal pathway of murine macrophage cells after JQZR stimulated CpG oligodeoxynucletide (CpG ODN).

METHODSMurine macrophage cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the blank serum group, the CpG ODN stimulus group, the CpG ODN + dexamethasone group, the CpG ODN + medicated serum group. Murine macrophage cells were collected after 24-h intervention. The expression of TLR9, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-KB, IFN-α mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of TLR9 and NF-κB protein were analyzed by Western blot. Changes of the NF-KB transcriptional activity were assayed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay system.

RESULTSmRNA expressions of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, protein expressions of TLR9 and NF-κB, and NF-κB transcriptional activities were enhanced, showing statistical difference when compared with those of the blank serum group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the CpG ODN stimulus group, mRNA expressions of MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, the protein expression of NF-κB and the NF-κB transcriptional activities decreased in the CpG ODN + dexamethasone group with statistical difference (P <0. 01). Compared with the CpG ODN stimulus group, mRNA expressions of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB, and IFN-α, protein expressions of TLR9 and NF-κB, and NF-κB transcriptional activities were decreased in CpG ODN+ medicated serum group with statistical difference (P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONEfficacy enhancing and detoxification roles of JQZR in treatment of SLE might be realized through regulating TLR9 signal pathways.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; NF-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; metabolism

To lead students to think actively and develop their innovative abilities,we adopted approaches of self-study,question and answer teaching as well as presentation and discussion teaching,perfected teaching contents and system of basic experiments, formed comprehensive experiments and exploratory experiments,established excellent courseware and carried out network education constructed scientific and reasonable exam systems.These reforms are strong guarantees for cultivating high quality talents in the 21st century.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant adenovirus mediatied human endostatin (rAD-GFP-ES)on rats with collagen typeⅡinduced arthritis(CIA),and explore the mechanism of inflamma- tion and cytokines inhibition on rats CIA.Methods The rAD-GFP-ES was amplified and purified.The model of rat CIA was induced by intradermal injection of typeⅡcollagen combined with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA). On the second day after the injection,the therapeutic administration of rAD-GFP-ES(1?10~(11)pfu?kg~(-1)?week~(-1)?4 weeks)were performed to the rats.The mean arthritis index(AI)was scored every week since then.The relative concentrations of ES,IL-I?,TNF-?in sera collected at the fourth week were evaluated by western blotting. Results①The titer of the purified rAD-GFP-ES and rAD-GFP was 6.6?10~(12)pfu/ml and 4.8?10~(12)pfu/ml,re- spectively(A_(260nm)/A_(280nm)＞1.3).②The concentration of ES in sera of the group treated with rAD-GFP-ES was 2.4-lold higher compared to the normal group.③The mean arthritis index of the group treated with rAD-GFP- ES was much lower than that of the model group.The administration of rAD-GFP-ES could significantly de- creas the production of IL-1?and TNF-?in sera.Conclusions①The rAD-GFP-ES is efficiently expressed in vivo.②The rAD-GFP-ES has an inhibitory effect on the arthritis index of rat CIA.③IL-1?and TNF-?are involved in the pathogenesis of RA.The rAD-GFP-ES has an inhibitory effect on the expression of IL-1?and TNF-?in rat CIA.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulatory role of activated 5-HT(3) receptors in the central amygdala (CeA) on mitogen concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated proliferative response of thymocytes in rats and the underlying neuroendocrine regulation circuits. 1-phenylbiguanide (PBG), a putative selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist, was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.), bilateral intracerebroventriclular (i.c.v.), and bilateral intracentral amygdala (i.c.a.) injection. In addition, thymocytes isolated from untreated rats were incubated with PBG (at a range of concentrations of 1x10(-8)-1x10(-5) mol/L) in vitro in the presence and absence of ConA, in order to investigate any direct effect of PBG on the proliferation in vitro. MTT method was applied to demonstrate the effect of PBG on the proliferative response of thymocytes. An immunohistochemical SABC assay was used to describe the expression profiles of c-Fos-positive cells in different brain regions including the CeA, hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray (PAG) at 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after bilateral single-administration of PBG by i.c.a. (1.0 microg/side). Results showed that PBG (1x10(-8)-1x10(-5) mol/L) had no significant influence on the proliferative responses of the isolated thymocytes in vitro, no matter ConA was present or not. The proliferation of thymocytes stimulated by ConA was not significantly changed when PBG was administered by i.p. (0.5 mg/kg per day, for consecutive 5 d), whereas it was remarkably enhanced after bilateral i.c.v. injection of PBG (10 microg/side per day, for consecutive 5 d). Similarly, when PBG was injected bilaterally by i.c.a. (1.0 microg/side per day, for 1 d or consecutive 3, 5 and 7 d), a significantly enhanced proliferation occurred on the 1st day and continued until reaching its peak on the 5th day before decreasing on the 7th day. All of the promoting effects of PBG on the ConA-stimulated proliferation of thymocytes were reversed by pretreatment with the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist tropisetron (TRP) 5 min prior to the administration of PBG. Interestingly, compared to the treatment with normal saline or TRP + PBG, after a bilateral single-administration of PBG (1.0 microg/side) by i.c.a., the number of c-Fos-positive cells in different brain regions significantly increased at 1 h in the CeA, 1-2 h in the hippocampus, 1-2 h in the cortex, 4 h in the hypothalamus and 8 h in the PAG, respectively, with each maximum response at 1 h in the CeA, 2 h in the hippocampus and cortex, and 4 h in the hypothalamus. Subsequently, the number of cells expressing c-Fos gradually reduced to the minimum at 4 h in the CeA, and at 8 h in the hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus. In conclusion, the 5-HT(3) receptors in the CeA of rats mediate the modulation of thymus function, at least partly, through the neuroendocrine circuit of the limbic system-cortex-hypothalamus-PAG.
Amygdala ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Male ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; physiology

Objective To investigate the value of the imaging findings of soft tissue abnormality in the differential diagnosis between osteomyelitis and malignant bone tumor.Methods The CT and MRI findings of soft tissue changes in 57 cases of osteomyelitis and 70 cases of malignant bone tumor were retrospectively defined,observed,recorded and statistically analyzed.Results In 57 cases of osteomyelitis, 54 cases were examined with CT,and soft tissue swelling was presented in 52 cases (degree Ⅰin 19 cases, degreeⅡin 16 cases,degree Ⅲin 17 cases).Abscess-like cysts in soft tissue occurred in 6 cases,masses in 5,air in 1,fat-fluid level in 1 and sinus tract in 1.Among 14 cases examined with MR imaging,soft tissue swelling was presented in all cases (degreeⅠin 2 cases,degree Ⅱin 6 cases and degree Ⅲin 6 cases). Abscess-like cysts appeared in 3 cases and showed high signal in diffusion weighted imaging, mass in Ⅰand fat-fluid level in 1.Among 54 cases examined with CT in 70 cases of malignant bone tumor, soft tissue swelling was presented in 44 cases (degreeⅠin 29 cases,degreeⅡin 12 cases,degreeⅢin 3 cases).Soft tissue masses appeared in 49 cases,bone shell and shell-like calcification in 16 cases and neoplastic bone and neoplastic calcified cartilage within soft tissue mass in 25 cases.Among 49 cases examined with MR imaging,soft tissue swelling was presented in 46 cases (degree Ⅰin 21 cases,degreeⅡin 17 cases and degree Ⅲin 8 cases),and soft tissue masses appeared in 43 cases.The degree of soft tissue swelling and the occurrence of abscess-like cyst,mass,bone shell or shell-liked calcification in the rim of mass,neoplastic bone or neoplastic calcified cartilage in masses showed significant difference(P

Alcoholism ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study MRI changes of vertebral metastasis and their value in differential diagnosis.

METHODSMR films of 103 patients with vertebral metastasis confirmed clinically or pathologically were reviewed with all features recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS338 vertebrae were involved in 103 patients, including 82 in vertebral body only, 3 in appendix only and 253 in both. According to the shape of vertebral body and the characteristic abnormality, 335 vertebrae with body involved were divided into 4 types: Type I (97) with one single focus in the vertebral body, type II (102) with multiple foci with clear margin in the vertebral body, type III (16) with abnormal signal in the whole vertebral body and type IV (120) with abnormal signal in the whole or most part of vertebral body complicated with compression fracture. Among all these lesions, 114 showed concave superior and/or inferior edges and 116 protruding posterior and/or anterior borders. In 256 vertebrae with abnormal appendix, 238 showed abnormal pedicle of vertebral arch involving neighbouring part of vertebral body and 235 showed enlarged pedicle and other parts of the appendix. Soft tissue mass was showed around 133 vertebrae, with the center at the involved vertebrae on sagittal image. 130 pieces of these masses extended cranio-caudally within or a little beyond the width of a vertebral body.

CONCLUSIONVertebral metastasis is characterized by involving multiple vertebrae. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis can be made definite in most patients according to the lesions distribution, change in vertebral shape and the characteristics of the soft tissue mass.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary

Animals ; Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; mortality ; virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; virology ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology

AIMTo investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on reperfusion injury of rat lung.

METHODSRat isolated lungs (n=8 in each group) were stabilized and perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution on a modified langendorff perfusion apparatus. 36 wistar rats were divided into three groups: ischemic preconditioning group, ischemia/reperfusion group and control group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, wet/dry ratio, pulmonary surfactant phospholipid and alveolar surface tension in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and electron microscope were detected.

RESULTSThe morphological changes of lung injury were alleviated in the preconditioning group under electron microscope. Wet/dry ratio, mean pulmonary artery pressure and SA/LA ratio were significantly lower in the preconditioning group after ischemic/reperfusion (P < 0.01). Total phospholipid and large aggregate in the BALF were significantly increased in the preconditioning group (P < 0.01). Small aggregate showed no change in three groups. Surfactant activity test showed that surface tension markedly decreased in IPC group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese results indicates that ischemic preconditioning may have a protective effect in ischemic/reperfusion injuries lung by ameliorating the content and function of surfactant phospholipid.

Animals ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Lung ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control