Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Testis ; abnormalities

Objective To ssarch for the relationship between hemoglobulin (Hb),erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and the altitude.Methods The altitudes of Guinan and Maduo county in Qinghai province are respectively 3200m and 4300m. The 122 healthy students aged from 7 to 14 years old were selected, Hb and EP of them were respectively determined by the methods of ferric cyanation and fluorospectrophotometry. The statistical treatment was carry out by t test and matched-pair t test.Results The Hb levels of the healthy children aged from 7 to 14 years old in Guinan and Maduo county are respectively 133 .6?10.1 and 152.8?14.0 g/L (t = 12.31, p＜0.001), the EP levels of them are respectively 320.7 ? 114.9 and 347.8 ? 123.6 ?g/L (t = 1.77, P＞0.05), the value of EP/Hh of them are respectively 2.4 ?0 .9 and 2 .3?0.8 (t = 1.12, p＞0.05). The result of matched-pair t test shows that there are not sexural difFerence for Hb, EP and EP/Hb (P＞0.05).Conclusion Along with the increasing of altitude, the Hb and EP levels of the healthy Children aged from 7 to 14 years old are obviously increased and on sexural difference.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of interferon α(IFNα)and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)combination therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and to explore the optimized strategy for individualized treatment.Methods A total of 156 HBeAg positive CHB patients were enrolled in the study from January 2005 to June 2009 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University.Fifty-six CHB patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA≥1 X 107copy/mLand/or liver fibrosis stage≥S3,or previous monotherapy failure(relapse)were treated with initial IFNα and ADV combination therapy.Fifty-two patients who didn't meet any of the above baseline characteristics received initial IFNα monotherapy.The remaining 48 patients treated with IFNα monotherapy for full treatment duration were considered as control.At week 24 of treatment,the treatment regimens were adjusted according to quantitative changes of HBV DNA,HBeAg and HBsAg:16 patients who achieved early response in group of initial IFNα and ADV combination therapy subsequently received IFNα monotherapy,the other patients in group of initial combination therapy together with patients who did not achieved early response in group of initial IFNα monotherapy subsequently received IFNα and ADV combination treatment.The HBV DNA levels,HBeAg and HBsAg titers were detected at the end of 48 weeks of treatment to determine the treatment duration.The treatment efficacy,safety,drug resistance and relapse rates were finally evaluated at week 72.All data were analyzed using chi square test.Results At week 24,the early response rate in group of initial combination therapy was 28.6%,and the HBV DNA negative rate and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)normalization rate were significantly higher than those in groups of initial IFNα monotherapy and control(53.6%vs 32.7%vs 27.1%and 62.5%vs 40.4%vs 37.5%,respectively,P<0.05);in addition,HBeAg loss rate was higher than control group(39.3%vs 18.8%,x2=7.48;P<0.05).At week 48,five of 16 patients who achieved early response developed HBeAg reversion and three cases accompanied with virological breakthrough in group of initial combination therapy after switching to IFNα monotherapy,while the rates of HBV DNA negative,HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg clearance were 73.2%,41.1%and 12.5%,respectively.The HBV DNA negative rate,HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg clearance rate in 96 patients Who had received different combination treatment regimens were 65.6%,33.3%and 8.3%,respectively.At week 72,the relapse rate in individualized treatment group was comparable to those in control group,while HBsAg clearance rate increased 2.7%in individualized treatment group.Conclusions IFNα and ADV combination treatment could improve early biochemical and virological responses.Individualized treatment strategy based on baseline characteristics and treatment responses may be helpful for optimizing antiviral treatment in CHB patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; CpG Islands ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Testis ; abnormalities

Background Since the measurement method establishment of serum ferritin abroad in early period of theseventies, the iron deficiency had been divided into two types: the non-anemia and anemia types. In orderto go step further studies, we must ertablish the bemoglobin targets of the two types. Methods One hurdred and fifty-two children in experimontal group, from 6 to 7 years old, and allcome from Qinghai province. There are 29 children in Xining city, 24 in Guide, 26 in Gongbe, 40 in Gui-nan and 33 in Maduo countics. There are 36 health children aged from 6 to 7 years old in the controlgroup, and all comes from Beijing. The Hb, RBC, HCT, HCTW and FEP wcre determined. Results The three targets correlating with Hb (Hb, MCH and MCHC); correlating with RBC (RBC,HCT and MCV); the two targets correlating with RBC_weight (HCTW and CMCW) and correlating withFEP of RBC(FEP and MCEP) have very significant difference between experimental group and control group. Conclusion The determination values of the 10 targets are not same in children in different districts,and the values of all the target: are increased on different degree along with the increase in altitude of ele-vation. There is very important significance on the studies of iron deficiency and altitude hypoxia to establish the normal values of the 10 targets.

Objective To obtain egg yolk antibody in hen eggs laid by hens immunized with the protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg).To generate,purify IgY against Pg(anti-Pg-IgY) and identify its specificity.Methods PgATCC33277 was cultured under standard anaerobic conditions and harvested after proliferation.Then Pg was extracted by sonication until the cell pellets were shattered completely.After centrifugatiton,the supernatant was collected.Five-month-old Roman hens were immunized for egg antibody production.The antibody was inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously in the breast from multiple spot with 1.0 ml of a vaccine consisting of oil-adjuvant protein which was mixed with 1 ml protein of Pg and 1 ml Freund's adjuvant complete every 10 days,for 4 times.The eggs were collected after the first immunization and stored at 4 ℃.The anti-Pg-IgY was extracted and purified.The protein concentration was tested by bicinchoninic acid( BCA),the specificity of IgY analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE),the titre of IgY and its physicochemical character were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbcnt assay.Results The concentration of obtained anti-Pg-IgY was 2.05 g/L.SDS-PAGE analysis of the anti-Pg-IgY showed that the molecular weight of IgY was consistent with the theoretical value.Protein of anti-Pg-IgY appeared approximately 5 days after the first immunization,and reached the peak at 50-55 days.Antibody titres reached 1 ∶100000.Each egg produced more than 10 mg IgY,and its purification was up to 95％ as well.Conclusions Layer hens immuned by Pg may provide specific IgY of high titre and high concentration.The antibody has high purity and is heat,acid and alkali-resistant.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the impact of specimen collection and storage consumable products on trace element quantitative analysis.

METHODSDevices and consumable products of different brands used in specimen collection or storage were selected and treated separately as below:urine collection and storage tubes (Brand A, B, C and D, 2 samples for each brand) were treated with 1% of HNO(3) volume fraction for 2 - 4 h; blood taking device (Brand O, P and Q, 3 samples for each brand) were used for ultra-pure water samples collecting as simulation of blood sampling;dust sampling filters (Brand X, Y and Z, 2 samples for each brand) were cold digested by nitric acid for 12 h, followed by microwave digestion. Then cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, stannum, titanium, vanadium and zinc concentrations in the solutions obtained during the course of collect or storage were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.

RESULTSFor the urine collection and storage consumable products, background values of elements were described as mean of parellel samples. The consentration of 14 quantified elements were relatively low for 5 ml cryogenic vials (brand B) with background values range of 0.001 - 0.350 ng/ml. The background values of copper of 50 ml centrifuge tubes (brand A), chromium of 5 ml cryogenic vials (brand C) and zinc of 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (brand D) were relatively high, which were 1.900, 1.095 and 1.368 ng/ml, respectively. Background values of elements in blood sampling devices were described as x(-) ± s. Background values of chromium for brand O, P and Q were (0.120 ± 0.017), (0.337 ± 0.093) and (0.360 ± 0.035) ng/ml; for copper were (0.050 ± 0.001), (0.017 ± 0.012) and (0.103 ± 0.015) ng/ml; for lead were (0.057 ± 0.072), (0.183 ± 0.118) and (0.347 ± 0.006) ng/ml; for titanium were (7.883 ± 0.145), (8.863 ± 0.190) and (8.613 ± 0.274) ng/ml; zinc were (2.240 ± 0.573), (42.140 ± 22.756) and (8.850 ± 3.670) ng/ml. There were statistically differences of background values for chromium, copper, lead, titanium and zinc among the above three brands of blood sampling devices (all P values < 0.05). For air sampling filters, background values of elements were described as mean of parellel samples. Background values of chromium and nickel of sampling filters (brand X) were lowest, which were 17.000 and 15.400 ng per piece, respectively; while background values for other elements were relatively high, the quantification of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, lead, selenium, stannum, titanium, vanadium and zinc were 0.250, 0.550, 48.500, 690.000, 25.500, 0.900, 6.500, 10.550, 7.950, 10.500, 0.850, 370.000 ng per piece, respectively. Background values of chromium and nickel of sampling filters (brand Z) were highest, which were 171.000 and 29.850 ng per piece.

CONCLUSIONBackground values of trace elements varied among products of different brands, and the most noticable differences were found in chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, stannum and zinc.

Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Quality Control ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Bone Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Epidermal Cyst ; etiology ; surgery ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; complications

OBJECTIVETo assess the impact of the heat wave in 2005 on mortality among the residents in Guangzhou and to identify susceptible subpopulations in Guangzhou, China.

METHODSThe data of daily number of deaths and meteorological measures from 2003 to 2006 in Guangzhou were used in this study. Heat wave was defined as ⋝7 consecutive days with daily maximum temperature above 35.0 °C and daily mean temperature above the 97th percentile during the study period. The excess deaths and rate ratio (RR) of mortality in the case period compared with the reference period in the same summer were calculated.

RESULTSDuring the study period, only one heat wave in 2005 was identified and the total number of excess deaths was 145 with an average of 12 deaths per day. The effect of the heat wave on non-accidental mortality (RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.37) was found with statistically significant difference. Also, greater effects were observed for cardiovascular mortality (RR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.13-1.59) and respiratory mortality (RR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.69). Females, the elderly and people with lower socioeconomic status were at significantly higher risk of heat wave-associated mortality.

CONCLUSIONThe 2005 heat wave had a substantial impact on mortality among the residents in Guangzhou, particularly among some susceptible subpopulations. The findings from the present study may provide scientific evidences to develop relevant public health policies and prevention measures aimed at reduction of preventable mortality from heat waves.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Weather ; Young Adult