Objective:To investigate the effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and crisscross bristle manual tooth-brush in the management of dental plaque and gingivitis.Methods:249 cases with gingivitis were enrolled in an office-based study. The study was unsupervised and single-centered with open-label and self-control.At baseline,gingival health and plaque coverage were assessed by dentists using categorical scales.Participants were given stannous containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and crisscross bristle design manual brush,and were instructed to use the products by manufacturer's usage instructions twice daily for 30 days.At the end of 30 days,plaque and gingivitis were reassessed using the same categorical scales.Results:232 participants(1 78 females and 54 males) completed the study.Gingivitis data of 5 cases and dental plaque data of 3 cases were not judgable.After 30 days of product use,226 cases(99%)showed noticeable improvement in their gingival health;227(96%)cases showed improvement in overnight plaque cover-age.Conclusion:Stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice in combination with crisscross bristle toothbrush is effective in the management of gingivitis and dental plaque.

This present work is to study the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia angustifolia was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and nBuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Fourteen compounds were isolated and characterized as 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 5, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (2), 7-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 8-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (4), (+) -syringaresinol (5), ferulic acid (6), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (7), sinapaldehyde (8), trans-coniferyl alcohol (9), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), isophthalic acid (12), 2-furoic acid (13), and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone(14). Compounds 2-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Swertia ; chemistry

This study is to investigate the chemical constituents of Swertia kouitchensis. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia kouitchensis was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and their structures were identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Twenty-eight compounds were obtained, and characterized as erythrocentaurin (1), erythrocentaurin dimethylacetal (2), swertiamarin (3), vogeloside (4), 2'-O- actylswertiamarin (5), swertianoside D (6), gentiocrucines A-B (7-8), gentiocrucine (9), 1-hydroxy-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (10), 1-hydroxy-3, 5, 6-trimethoxyxanthone (11), 3-epitaraxerol (12), erythrodiol 3-O-palmitate (13), (+) -syringaresinol (14), caffeic acid (15), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (16), trans-coniferyl alcohol (17), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (18), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (19), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic aldehyde (20), 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (21), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (22), 3-acetoxybenzoic acid (23), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (24), 3-hydroxybenzoic alcohol (25), nicotinic acid (26), 2-furoic acid (27), and uracil (28). Compounds 1-4, 6-28 were obtained from S. kouitchensis for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Swertia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the time course of interleukin (IL)-21 and related cytokines expression in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).

METHODSAntigen was prepared with an emulsion of porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant, plus Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain. EAM model was made by hypodermic injection of myosin in hind legs of Lewis rats.mRNA expression of IL-21 and related cytokines (IL-21R, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-6) in different tissues (heart, liver, spleen, kidney) were determined at 2 weeks after immunization by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, the time course of IL-21 and related cytokines expression in the acute phase of EAM (2 w, 3 w, 4 w) was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and IL-21, IL-17 protein expression was determined by Western blot and ELISA. The location of IL-21R was examined by immunohistochemistry at 2 w after immunization.

RESULTSHistopathology examination evidenced abundant mononuclear cells in the myocardium of 2 weeks EAM rats. Fibrosis and multinucleated giant cells were observed in the myocardium of 3 weeks EAM rats. Inflammation was reduced and large amount of fibrosis could be found in 4 weeks EAM rats. The heart weight/body weight ratio in normal, EAM 2 w, 3 w, 4 w group was (3.011 ± 0.117) mg/g, (4.736 ± 1.279) mg/g, (7.200 ± 0.308) mg/g and (4.622 ± 0.978) mg/g respectively. IL-21 mainly expressed in heart and spleen, IL-21R, IL-17, TGF-β mainly expressed in spleen, and IL-17, IL-6 mainly expressed in heart of EAM rats. IL-21R mainly distributed in cardiomyocytes of 2 weeks EAM rats. In line with pathological EAM course, the expression of IL-21 and related cytokines peaked at 2 weeks and then returned to normal at 4 weeks after immunization.

CONCLUSIONIL-21 and related cytokines were involved in the pathological process of EAM, upregulated IL-21 expression might promote Th17 cell differentiation and enhance Th17 cell secretion.

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-17 ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Interleukins ; immunology ; Male ; Myocarditis ; immunology ; pathology ; Myocardium ; immunology ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Th17 Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; immunology

Chemical constituents of Swertia patens. The whole plant of air-dried Swertia patens was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H₂O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isola- ted and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C- NMR). Eighteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3, 4-dihydro-1H,6H,8H-naptho [1,2-c:4,5-c', d'dipyrano-1, 8-dione (1), angelone (2), gentiogenal (3), erythricin (4), erythrocentaurin (5), gentianine (6), swertiakoside B (7), swertiamarin (8), 2'-O-actylswertiamarin (9), amarogentin (10), 1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (11), 1, 3-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (12), 1-hydroxy- 2, 3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (13), gentiocrucine (14), 3-hydroxyphenylketone (15), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (16), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate (17), and cholest-4-en-3-one (18). Compounds 1-7, 9-18 were obtained from S. patens for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Swertia ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the predisposing factors and clinical features of disseminated herpes zoster, and to explore factors influencing postherpetic neuralgia. Methods Clinical data were collected from 53 patients with disseminated herpes zoster and 809 patients with common herpes zoster between 2012 and 2015, and analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing the occurrence of and pain intensity in disseminated herpes zoster, as well as the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia. Results No significant difference in patients′age was observed between the disseminated and common herpes zoster groups(56.66 ± 17.24 vs. 56.50 ± 15.51 years, t=0.071, P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the gender ratio between the two groups(χ2 = 8.16, P = 0.004). The incidence rates of bullae, pustules and fever were all significantly higher in the disseminated herpes zoster group than in the common herpes zoster group(15.09%vs. 3.58%,χ2=16.04, P<0.01;47.17%vs. 26.82%,χ2=10.20, P<0.01;30.19%vs. 8.03%,χ2=28.68, P<0.01). The disseminated herpes zoster group also showed significantly higher pain scores at admission compared with the common herpes zoster group (Median[P25- P75]: 6[4- 7.5] vs. 5[3- 7], Z =-3.460, P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, age, fatigue and HIV infection were significantly associated with the occurrence of disseminated herpes zoster (all P<0.05). Additionally, HIV infection(OR=5.570, 95%CI:1.196-25.939, P=0.029), gender(OR=0.166, 95%CI:0.029-0.945, P=0.043), age(OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.010-1.119, P=0.019)and the number of days that antiviral therapy lasted(OR=0.669, 95%CI:0.505-0.885, P=0.005)were all factors influencing the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia. Conclusion Male, old age, fatigue and especially HIV infection are risk factors for the occurrence of disseminated herpes zoster, and male, old age and antiviral therapy duration may be associated with the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia.

Objective To investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor B(PDGF-B) and PDGFR-α mRNA in the skin lesion of recurrent condyloma acuminatum(CA) and to explore its relationship with recurrent condyloma acuminatum.Methods The expressions of PDGF-B and PDGFR-α mRNA in the lesions of recurrent CA and Nonrecurrent CA were investigated by Real-Time-PCR,and the normal foreskins weretaken as controls.Results The PDGF-B and PDGFR-α mRNA levels in the re current CA group and non-recurrent CA group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expressions of PDGF-B and PDGFR-α mRNA in the recurrent CA group were higher than those in the non-recurrent CA group(P＜0.01).Furthermore,the expressions of PDGF-B and PDGFR-α mRNA before treatment in the recurrent CA group were higher than those after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion PDGF-B and PDGFR-α mRNA might haue a certain relation with CA recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Chinese traditional osteopathy is long in history, unique in manipulation and miraculous in therapeutic effect. But people understand it more m perception rather than in theory, more in application rather than in development. There is little research truly on the bioseience.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the macro-idea of Chinese traditional osteopathy, micro-mechanisms on characters and mathematics-physics models, aiming to provide new principles and approaches of treatment for the daily increased bone trauma, fracture and sport injury.SETTING: Physics and machine-electron college of a university, and its affiliated hospital.METHODS: Based on the natural concept of "integration between heaven and human being" and new concept of holistic medicine in Chinese traditional osteopathy, the macro-idea and characters of reduction and union of fracture are generalized from the characters of natural therapy and the biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture are summarized from the micro-reaction of bone repair and union so as to discover biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture and further to set up biomechanical models and mathematics-physics expressions during the treatment.RESULTS: Chinese traditional osteopathy envelopes macro-idea of "initiative reduction-functional union" in fracture and micro-mechanism on "stress adaptability-functional adaptability" of bone repair and union.CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional osteopathy compiles with the natural,green and non-traumatic therapy in bio-natural law of bone repair and union and supports the theme of "high thought and high skill".

Objective: To investigate the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas, and to provide evidences for improving awareness level and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education. Methods: Sixteen primary schools consisting of rural registered students in Guizhou and Anhui Province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey for 2 506 senior students (grade five and six) was conducted to explore the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas. Results: The total awareness rate of pubertal knowledge was 62.7% among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas, and the awareness rates were relatively low for the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude; female students, only-child students and grade six students got a bit better awareness of pubertal knowledge than male students, non-only-child students and grade five students respectively; grade[OR=0.72(0.61-0.86)], peer acceptance [OR=0.70(0.53-0.96)], family intimacy [OR=0.75(0.63-0.88)] had effect on awareness of pubertal knowledge. Conclusion The awareness of pubertal knowledge among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas need further improvement, especially for male students, non-only-child students and grade five students in the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude. It is necessary to improve the awareness of pubertal knowledge by enhancing peer acceptance, promoting family intimacy, and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education.

Objective To explore the path and effect of family cohesion, family adaptability and health remind on health behavior improvement of chronic disease patients, so as to provide evidences for the family-centered chronic disease management. Methods Data of all 1 134 patients with chronic diseases was selected from the national sample survey database. t-test was used to compare family cohesion, family adaptability, health remind and health behavior improvement between different groups, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between variables. In the process of path analysis, parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood. Results Among the 1 134 chronic diseases patients, male accounted for 41.4%, and female accounted for 58.6%. The average age of participants was (53.6±10.0) years old. The score of health behavior improvement was (1.89±1.20). Path analysis showed that family cohesion had indirect effects on behavior improvement (effect size=0.072); family adaptability had both direct and indirect effects on behavior improvement (effect size=0.156); Health remind had direct effect on behavior improvement (effect size=0.357). Conclusions The high-level family cohesion and adaptability can improve patients’ health behavior by improving the health remind. It is suggested that family-centered health management services for chronic disease patients should emphasize the participation of family members as well as the improvement of family function.