Objective To investigate the detection of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute respiratory infection and to explore the relationship between viral load and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory infection in children.Methods A total of 4 501 nasopharyngeal secretion samples were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection from January 2013 to June 2013.HBoV-positive children were divided into simple infection group and mixed infection group.Children with HBoV DNA≥1 × 104 copy/mL were categorized into high viral load group,while those with HBoV DNA ＜1 × 104 copy/mL were categorized into low viral load group.HBoV was determined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus (Inf)-A,Inf-B,parainfluenza virus (Pinf)-Ⅰ 、Pinf-Ⅱ 、Pinf-Ⅲ and adeno virus antigen were detected by direct antigen-specific immunofluorescence assays.Mycoplasm Pnuemonia was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Serum mycoplasma antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Bacteria was detected by sputum culture.Over the same period,23 children undergoing elective inguinal hernia operation with no respiratory infection or fever were considered as control group.The percentage of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were tested by flow cytometry.Inter-group differences were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Viral loads were compared using Mann-Whitney test.Results Two hundred and twenty-two HBoV-positive cases were detected with a positive rate of 5.41％ (222/4 105),33.33％ (74/222) of which were with high viral load and 66.67％ (148/222) were with low viral load.There was a high incidence in the age group of 1-2 years.The simple HBoV infection accounted for 24.32％,including 26 cases with high viral load and 28 cases with low viral load.Wheezing was more common in patients with high viral load than those with low viral load,and the difference was statistically significant (88.46 ％ vs 42.86 ％,x2 =12.295,P=0.001).Among the 222 HBoV-positive cases,the median viral load of HBoV in simple infection group was 3.86 × 103 copy/mL,and 1.0× 103 copy/mL in mixed infection group.The difference of the viral load between these two groups was statistically significant (Z =2.906,P =0.004).Mycoplasma and Streptococcus pneumonia were most commonly detected in the 168 patients with mixed infection.Percentages of CD3+ and CD3+/CD8+ subsets were significantly lower in HBoV simple infection group and mixed infection group,compared to control group (both P＜0.05).However,percentages of CD3 /CD19+,CD19+/ CD23+ subsets were significantly higher in HBoV simple infection group and mixed infection group,compared to control group (both P＜0.05).Conclusions HBoV is one of the pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection in children,which lead to cellular immunity dysfunction in children.Moreover,children with higher HBoV load are more likely to develop wheezing.Co-infection with other pathogens should be considered in children with low HBoV load.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; therapy

Objectives To investigate the significance of electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in diagno-sis and treatment in children with pulmonary mass lesion. Methods A total of 74 hospitalized children from January 2011 to June 2012 whose imaging examinations showed massive patchy shadow were examined and treated by electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results The major cause for the massive shadow was infection according to electronic bronchoscopy examination (68/74, 91.89%), 65 cases of them were lobar pneumonia, 3 cas-es were pulmonary tuberculosis followed by 5 cases of foreign body (6.76%) and one case of pneumorrhagia (1.35%).The lower left lung was the most frequently seen site of infection, followed by lower right lung. The agreement between infection sites and imaging examination was 97.30%. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed that the primary pathogen of lobar pneumonia infection is Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) (42/65, 64.62%). The highest detection rate of MP was found in preschool group and the detec-tion rate between different age groups indicated statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The imaging examination showed pulmonary lesions in 61.54%children with lobar pneumonia improved significantly in one week. The improvement rate of pul-monary lesions was higher in infected children with short duration (1-2 weeks, 90.91%) between disease onset and electronic bronchoscopy inspection than those with longer duration (2-3 weeks, 51.72% and >3 weeks, 35.71%) (P<0.05). Conclusions Electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage play dual roles in etiological diagnosis and therapy in children with pulmo-nary mass lesion.

Objective To investigate the significance of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ),cyclooxygerase-2 ( COX-2 ),beta catenin ( β-catenin )、matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma.Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin,MMP-3 and MMP-9 rnRNA expression in samples from 30 fresh colorectal carcinomas and 30 corresponding adjacent tissues.And the correlation analysis of the gender and age of patients,CEA,immune cellular factors ( CD4 and CD8 ),clinical stages,and the degree of differentiation was undertaken.Results The expression levels of MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 were significantly different between colorectal carcinoma tissues and adjacent colorectal tissues (P ＜ 0.05 ).MMP-3 showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 expression levels showed an average 2.22-fold,1.86-fold,2.16-fold,0.58-fold ( P ＜ 0.01 ) increase in colorectal carcinoma tissues when compared with adjacent colorectal tissues respectively.There were negative correlation between MALAT1 and β-cateuin ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( r =- 0.346,P =0.030).While there were positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( r =0.312,P =0.047 ).There were significant difference between male patients and female patients in terms of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (P =0.047; P =0.018).There were significant difference between patients with tumor marker CEA increase and patients without CEA increase in terms of COX-2 ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( P =0.021 ).Conclusion MALAT1,COX-2,MMP-9 and β-catenin have significance in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma,while MMP-3 has no significant reference value. The negative correlation between MAL(A)T-1 and β-catenin and the positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin might show some interaction relationship in the development of colorectal carcinoma.The expression differences of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) in male and female patients suggest that above two genes may affect the occurrence ratio of colorectal carcinoma.Detecting of COX-2 maybe helpful to the tumor marker CEA during the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective:To study the coronal bone structure matching of distal radius in normal population and some patients with postoperative distal radius fracture, and to explore the clinical significance of coronal bone structure reduction of distal radius fracture.Methods:CT scans of 80 asymptomatic wrists were performed. Mimics 20.0 and 3-Matic research software were used to measure the matching data of coronal bone structure of the distal radius. Total of 44 patients with distal radius fractures treated with open reduction and volar plate fixation were collected. According to the data coronal bone structure of the distal radius, the matching group was in the normal range, and the mismatching group was less than the normal range. X-ray films were used to evaluate fracture healing, humeral height, ulnar angle and palm tilt angle at 3 months and 12 months after operation. The clinical indexes of wrist pain, wrist function, grip strength and activity were recorded in 2 groups. The DASH score was used for evaluation, and statistical comparisons was made between the two groups of related indicators.Results:The coronal bone structure matching value of the distal radius in 80 normal adults was 45.0%±16.2%. All the 44 patients with distal radius fracture were followed up for an average of 16 months. The postoperative wound healing was good, and the bone healing standard was reached 3 months after the operation. 3 months after surgery, radius height, ulnar deviation angle and palmar inclination angle of the mismatched group were all smaller than those of the matched group, but the differences had no statistical significance. The pronation angle in the mismatched group (68.82°±11.62°) was lower than that in the matched group (76.91°±9.14°), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.567, P=0.014). The DASH score in the mismatched group (15.53±2.36) was higher than that in the matched group (13.62±2.52), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.591, P=0.013). 12 months after surgery, the VAS score of the matched group (2.08±2.95) was less than that of the mismatched group (2.95±1.24), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.348, P=0.024). There was no significant difference in wrist range of motion, grip strength and DASH score between the two groups. Conclusion:The coronal bone structure matching of distal radius is about 45.0% in normal population. Early wrist dysfunction, limited pronation, and wrist pain may occur when the postoperative matching degree of the distal radius fracture is not within the normal range.

Objective To retrospectively review the PET/CT imaging features of sarcoidosis and improve the diagnostic accuracy of this benign disease.Methods The PET/CT imaging characteristics and clinical data, including lesion size, distribution, standardized uptake value (SUV) and the ratio of misdiagnosis, of 11 sarcoidosis patients (5 confirmed pathologically and 6 clinically) were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) Eleven patients had lymph node involvement:mediastinum and hilar lymphadenopathy in 11/11, supraclavicular fossa lymphadenopathy in 8/11, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 8/11, pelvic cavity lymphadenopathy in 3/11.(2) Extrathoracic lesions were found in 7/11 with 4 lung involvement, 2 liver involvement, 1 parotid gland and temporalis involvement and 1 bilateral iliac and sacral bone involvement.(3) The size of the lesions ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 cm and the CT density ranged from 30 to 40 HU.The lesions in the lung are hypodense and in the liver are slightly hypo-or iso-dense.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of all lesions was definitely increased in 6 cases; 18F-FDG uptake of some lesions was moderately or definitely increased in 2 cases, and slightly increased uptake in 3 cases.(4) The PET/CT diagnosis was consistent with the final diagnosis in 6/11.The 5 cases of misdiagnosis were malignant lymphoma (4/11) and lung cancer ( 1/11 ).Conclusions Differentiation between sarcoidosis and lymphoma in patients presenting with hilar lynphadenopathy can be difficult.Whole-body PET/CT may be helpful in the differentiation of the two diseases.

Retinopathy is a major cause of morbidity in diabetes and remains the primary cause of new blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drug to treat diabetic retinopathy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were induced by injection (ip) with streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg x kg(-1) and fed with a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet 2 weeks later. From week 17 to 32, diabetic rats were given different doses of berberine 75, 150, and 300 mg x kg(-1), fenofibrate 100 mg x kg(-1) and rosiglitazone 4 mg x kg(-1), separately. Retinal structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) alpha/delta/gamma protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. The retina of control rats was thicker than that of other groups, 16 weeks treatment with berberine (150 and 300 mg x kg(-1)) and rosiglitazone 4 mg x kg(-1) thickened the diabetic retina, but no difference existed in retinal structure among groups. Both berberine (150 and 300 mg x kg(-1)) and rosiglitazone 4 mg x kg(-1) significantly decreased PPARy expression in diabetic retina; while berberine (150 and 300 mg x kg(-1)) and fenofibrate 100 mg x kg(-1) obviously increased both PPARalpha and PPARdelta expressions in diabetic retina. Berberine modulates PPARalpha/delta/gamma protein levels in diabetic retina which may contribute to ameliorate retinopathy complication induced by STZ and a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet. It is expected that berberine might be a more beneficial drug to treat diabetic retinal complication comparing with fenofibrate and rosiglitazone.
Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; metabolism ; Fenofibrate ; pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; PPAR alpha ; metabolism ; PPAR delta ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

As a special highland disease,altitude disease is caused by hypoxia and cold.Incidence of altitude disease increased with the development of highland tour and highland economic construction,and the disease can be prevented and cured by Chinese herbal medicine.This paper summarized the prevention and cure of traditional Chinese drug and Tibetan drug on altitude disease.

Objective To evaluate the relation between lung dosimetric parameters and the risk of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had re-ceived postoperative radiotherapy. Methods From November 2002 to March 2006, 90 patients with NSCLC who had received postoperative 3-dimentinal conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) were retrospectively analyzed, including 53 with stage ⅢA disease, 25 with stafe ⅢB disease and 12 with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ disease but positive margins. Seventy (78%) patients underwent lobectomy, 20 ( 22% ) underwent pneumonectomy, and 38 ( 46% ) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median radiation dose was 60 Gy given in 30 fractions of 2 Gy using 6 MV X-ray. The percentage of the whole lung volume ( Vx ) and the ipsilateral absolute lung volume ( Vipsi-dosewhich received more than a certain dose were calculated. The endpoint was grade 2 and above RP based on CTC AE 3.0. The relation between the dosimetric factors and RP was also analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Nine patients ( 10% ) developed symptomatic RP ( grade 2 in 7 and grade 3 in 2), and all of them were in the lobectomy group. No RP was observed in patients who received pneumonectomy. Both V30 and V35 were higher in patients with RP than those without ( 19% vs 14% ,U= -2.16,P=0.030, and 15% vs 11%,U= -2.65,P =0.007, respectively). The area under curve in receiver operating characteristic curves based on the relation between incidence of RP and the value of Vipsi-dose was 0. 757. Using Vipsi-30 of 340 cm3 as a cut-off to predict RP, the sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 70%, respectively. The incidence of RP was 3% in patients with Vipsi-30< 340 cm3 compared with 29% in those with Vipsi-30>340cm3 ( X2 = 9.75 , P = 0.003 ) . Conclusions More than340 cm3 of the ipsilateral lung receiving 30 Gy is significantly related to the risk of RP in patients undergoing lobectomy. It is safe for patients who undergo pneumonectomy to receive postoperative 3DCRT if lung V20 is less than 10%.

Objective:To explore the feasibilitv of stereotactic minimally invasive aspiration of small thalamic bemorrhage.Methods:Twenty-two patients with small thalamic hemowhage(5 to 10 mL)were divided into two groups:a stereotactic group(n=10)and a control group(n= 12).The patients in the stereotactic group received stereomctic minimally invasive puncture and drainage of hematomas.According to the condition,repeated infusion of urokinase(10-20 kU) into the hematoma cavities were administered 12 hours after the procedure,and the hematomas were irrigated and drained so as to removal of them completely after retaining for 2-4 hours, The appropriate symptomatic treatment was administered in the patients in both groups.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores were determined 14 and 30 days before and after the treatment in all the patients.The reductiom of the NIJSS scores (as compared with those before treatment)were calculated at day 14 and 30 respectively after the treatment. Results:The reductiom of the NIHSS scores in the stereotactic group at day 14 and 30 were significantly higher than those in the control group.It was suggested that the neurological functional recovery of the patients was faster after stereotmtic minimally invasive puncture and drainage of intracranial hematorna in the stereotactic group.Concision:The stereotactic minimally invasive puncture and drainage of intracranial hematoma may significantly improve the outcome in patients with small thalamic hemorrhage.